Ariane-6 Next Generation Launcher

[Lev]

Ну, я тоже могу кого угодно послать далеко  надолго. Но когда человек делает такое настолько избирательно, элегантно и что самое интересное - эффективно - остается только снять остатки шляпы... :wink:
Дмитрий В. писал(а):

Это - проработка, а то что Гаэтано нарисовал - порно.

[us2-star]

Что-то я не понимаю накала страстей... :oops:
Прошу прощения за невежество, но что такого порнографичного в картинке некоего Гаэтано, о ком я и не знал ранее?  :oops:

[frigate]

2008 год:  

Обратите внимание - 6 ( :!: ) ТТУ

[Salo]

http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMJGXZ27PG_index_0.html

ESA's high-thrust engine takes next step

22 June 2011
The new main engine to power Europe's successor to its Ariane 5 space launcher was brought a step closer today when ESA signed a €60 million contract with a propulsion consortium at the Paris Air & Space Show.

ESA is preparing the NGL Next-Generation Launcher to meet Europe's institutional needs and safeguard its guaranteed access to space into the long term, ensuring it will continue to have effective and economic launchers at its disposal.

The work is being performed under the Agency's Future Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP), which is identifying and studying new launch vehicle concepts and anticipating the technologies to make them possible.
 

NGL concepts

Many configurations have been screened and studied on the way to the current four, using two and three stages to orbit, different types of liquid and solid propellants and a cryogenic upper stage.

A key development for Europe's next-generation launcher is its main engine.

One objective of FLPP is to enable an informed decision to be taken later in the NGL programme, through studies and integrated demonstrators.

 Liquid propulsion is promising for the main stage because of its flexibility, growth potential and track record.

One of the candidates, the liquid-propellant High-Thrust Engine (HTE) demonstrator, will help to understand the key technology issues while developing European competence in propulsion system integration and advanced technologies.

Today's contract signing with the Joint Propulsion Team – a consortium of Astrium GmbH, Avio SpA and Snecma (Safran Group) – moves HTE to the next phase: the engine's preliminary design reviews.

It follows on from a contract that in 2007 began integrating key European competences of 14 companies in nine countries, for a total amount of €100 million.

"The High-Thrust Engine project completed the system requirements review in May, proving the maturity of the selected design," said Jérôme Breteau, ESA Propulsion Project Manager.

"The project has already delivered significant technological achievements, including several European 'firsts'.

"It is now heading towards the preliminary design review planned for mid-2012. Hot-firing tests will be performed around 2014, which could also evolve towards a pre-development phase."

"Building on the excellence and knowhow of the European propulsion industrial team, this contract allows the project to make a significant step in advanced liquid propulsion capabilities," added Antonio Fabrizi, ESA Director of Launchers.

"It will also enable a shared assessment of our options and the different technologies to be used for Europe's next-generation launcher, to be operational by 2025 or earlier."

[Salo]

http://esamultimedia.esa.int/multimedia/publications/ngl/pageflip.html

http://esamultimedia.esa.int/multimedia/publications/ngl//offline.zip

[Salo]

http://cybersecurity.ru/space/126112.html

Сегодня же в рамках парижского авиакосмического салона представители ЕКА сообщили, что подписали контракт стоимостью 60 млн евро на создание двигателя, который ляжет в основу новой европейской космической ракеты NGL (Next-Generation Launcher), предназначенной для использования в промышленности, в частности для выведения новых спутников на орбиту.

За создание нового жидкотопливного двигателя будут отвечать компании Astrium GmbH, Avio SpA и Snecma (Safran Group). Получить в готовом виде ракету NGL Европа планирует к 2022 году, а к 2025 начать ее эксплуатировать.

[Луноход]

[Dude]

очень интересно, особенно вариант на метане.

[ZOOR]

А тут первые две ступени монокомпонентные или я чего не увидел?

[Salo]

Твердотопливные.

[ZOOR]

Извращенцы  :x

[октоген]

Ага, гейропа и в носителях гейропа.


И еще, прочитав про их планы на двигатели "большой мощности" из которых самый мощный не доходит до 300 т тяги, я слегка повеселился...

[Salo]

http://www.aviogroup.com/en/media_room/press_release/2011/avio_contract_with_esa_for_new_space_propulsion_system

Avio: Contract with ESA for New Space Propulsion System

2011/06/22
Joint Propulsion Team Will Develop a Demonstrator
Destined for Next Generation Space Launchers into Service between 2020 and 2025

Paris Air Show, Le Bourget, 22 June 2011 – Avio, international aerospace group headquartered in Italy, leader in propulsion systems, jointly signed, with the other members of the Joint Propulsion Team Consortium (Astrium and SNECMA, Safran Group), a contract with the European Space Agency (ESA) for the development of a demonstrator of a liquid-propellant space propulsion system characterised by a high thrust capacity.

The new propulsion system foresees more efficient combustion cycle which can be potentially employed for New Generation of Launchers (NGL), which will enter into service between 2020 and 2025.

In addition to oxidizer turbopump, Avio will be responsible for the design of the methane gas version of the demonstrator, coordinating the activities of the European partners involved in the design of the main components (combustion chamber, turbopump). The programme will proceed with a "Preliminary Design Review" (PDR), expected at year-end 2013, and then with the production, assembly and testing phase, until the complete qualification of the demonstrator.

The contract, with an overall value of € 60 million, is part of a larger project worth over € 100 million, whose activities were started up in 2007, and involves 14 companies from nine European countries.

[Дмитрий В.]

Извращенцы  :x

Почему же? С их точки зрения разумное сочетание наработок по "Веге" и криогенным технологиям.

[ZOOR]

Извращенцы  :x

Почему же? С их точки зрения разумное сочетание наработок по "Веге" и криогенным технологиям.

Размерность немного не Веговская, да и точно ли она хоть в этом году полетит.

Вот именно, что обладая криогенными технологиями проще на низ кислород-керосин поставить ИМХО.

Американцы с Аресом - понятно - хотели сохранить твердотопливную отрасль промышленности.

[Старый]

Вобщем на НГЛе центр ещё более мощный чем на Ариане-5?

[ZOOR]

А вот интересно, в связи с началом плотных работ по NGL  "французский Ишим" уходит в прошлое?

http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/hyperbola/2008/10/iac-2008-video-of-frances-air.html (там еще видео интересное)

Вместе со всякими "воздушными стартами" - http://www.responsivespace.com/Papers/RS7/SESSIONS/SESSION%20I/1005_TALBOT/1005P.pdf ?

[Salo]

http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Launchers_Home/SEM1YAUTLKG_0.html

Propulsion activities

Propulsion is important for maintaining and widening our gateway to space. It takes extreme speed to reach orbit and precisely controlled thrust firing to get a mission where it needs to be. Without propulsion technology, nothing goes anywhere.

Designing the main propulsion system is technically complex and requires interaction with the overall performance and operational capabilities of the Next Generation Launcher.

FLPP identified the enabling critical launcher technologies, which are now being designed at both component and subsystem level to increase their technology readiness level, as intermediate steps prior to an overall integrated demonstration.

The configurations of the planned demonstrators are a result of launcher system and propulsion system analysis and trade-off studies. With a limited budget, they cover a great amount of critical enabling technologies.

This approach has specific benefits:

Offers a pool of options and upgrades for quick spin-offs applicable to existing launchers.
Performs high added-value research and development.
Safeguards propulsion system integration and technology competencies in Europe.
     
Planned demonstrations

Staged Combustion Rocket Engine - Demonstrator (SCORE-D)


SCORE-D is being developed for main-stage applications of future launchers: Next Generation Launcher, Expandable Launch Vehicles, Reusable Launch Vehicles, Liquid Fly-Back Boosters and evolutions of the Ariane rocket.

SCORE-D targets to demonstrate the integration of staged combustion technology for the European high-thrust engines, and validate the design and analysis tools, and critical manufacturing processes.

It develops enabling competences in Europe and gives the technical and programmatic basis to make informed decisions on future launchers and propulsion systems. The demonstration includes, as much as possible, new technologies developed as part of FLPP and those developed in national programmes.

The features of SCORE-D have been chosen so as to maximise the ratio between representative future operational engines and cost. The engine is based on versatility and modularity, allowing the testing of different variations of the same function by the easy replacement of specific components.

Finally, depending on costs and risks, and thanks to modularity, it may serve as a preliminary study for testing propulsion technologies beyond the next generation high-thrust engines.
     
     
Upper-stage expander cycle demonstrator


Launcher studies have shown clearly the need for a versatile, high-performance, evolved cryogenic upper-stage engine capable of delivering payloads to all kinds of orbits, ranging from low orbit to exploration missions in deep space.

A high-performance upper-stage engine appeared to be a central element for the Next Generation Launcher, and a cryogenic expander engine offered high-expectations in terms of performance and reliability.

A number of new technologies are being developed for an advanced upper-stage cryogenic expander cycle engine. These include:

advanced turbo-pumps for expander cycle applications;
an improved chamber cooling system;
ignition system capable of several restarts;
ceramic matrix composite extendible nozzle.

The project has achieved the first cryogenic reignitions and closed-loop regulation in Europe, and demonstrated European expertise in the high pressure hydrogen expander cycle. This engine is now the baseline for the next Ariane 5 ME version.
     
Storable propulsion demonstrator
     

A storable propulsion demonstrator, used for a vehicle's upper-stage and landers in exploration missions, is being developed.

The addressed propulsion category is a 3–8 kN storable pressure-fed engine, for small upper-stage propulsion and versatile orbital propulsion.      

Pressure Oscillation Demonstrator – eXperimental (POD-X)


POD-X is being developed in collaboration with CNES. This versatile demonstrator aims to increase our knowledge of pressure oscillation in solid propulsion engines, such as Ariane 5's MPS (Moteur Propergol Solide) engine and its possible evolutions.

The results of the demonstration will be applicable to other solid rocket motors, such as those used for the Vega launcher, the NGL and strap-on boosters.

In addition, POD-X will allow the study of other aspects of solid rocket motors, such as new propellant formulations, innovative instrumentation, and new materials for nozzle, igniters and thermal protection.
     
Hybrid propulsion Demonstrator


Hybrid propulsion is considered as a credible 'new' technology to power future operational space transportation systems. It offers a cheap and performing solution by combining the benefits of solid and liquid propulsion.

The demonstrator aims to show the benefits of this technology and increase the readiness level of hybrid propulsion. It could also be used as a preparatory step towards developing an operational engine to power the sounding rockets that are currently planned in Europe.

Last update: 21 June 2011

[Salo]

www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Launchers_Home/SEMZ1BUTLKG_0.html

Technology

Novel technologies that cope with the ever-changing conditions from launch until payload delivery in orbit are required to improve performance and reduce the cost of access to space, while remaining highly reliable.

The 'Core Technology' project, under FLPP, aims at developing these technologies and gaining the knowledge to support the development of future launchers, as well as studying potential technology spin-offs for European launchers. They address critical component, subsystem and system-level technologies, which results in the improvement of their technology and integration readiness.

The first period of FLPP concentrated on system studies and technology developments for the preparation of a Reusable Launch Vehicle, focusing on hot structures.

Activities are now focusing on the development of upgraded and new technologies to support a number of launch vehicle architectures in order to:

Reduce mass and improve the stage structural index
Improve robustness and mitigate the technological risks of future developments
Provide new functions
Decrease launcher costs
     

Cryogenic Upper Stage Technologies (CUST)

     
Versatile thermal insulation concept

A restartable upper stage responds to the need for launchers to be flexible and be able to adapt to different mission scenarios.

The programme is identifying and developing critical technologies, enabling versatile missions and improving the performances of a reignitable cryogenic upper stage.

This project is organised in three parts:

Activity dedicated to the selection of critical technologies
Activity targeting technology development to reach Technology Readiness Level 5/6
Flight testing of gravity-dependent technologies

The following promising technologies were identified:

Versatile external thermal insulation concepts
Inner wetted insulation/common bulk
Pre-chill down before reignition
Propellant management device
Propellant preconditioning
Gas port phase separator
Functional system analysis software
Ground connector
Critical helium storage

Development of a number of these technologies began at the end of 2009 and flight demonstrations are planned. The propellant management device will be tested end of 2011 on a Texus sounding rocket, in cooperation with DLR.


Structures, materials and processes

Future launch vehicles require higher structural efficiency, which in turn requires innovative materials, structural concepts and new processing technologies.

Structures and materials are being addressed as challenges on the road to the next-generation launcher, targeting a decrease in structural mass with special attention to cryogenic fuel containment and thermal protection systems.

The inert mass of an upper stage has a direct impact on launch vehicle performance. To maximise the payload mass, the upper stage must use lightweight structures to improve the mass fraction of the stage.

The technology activity is designed to demonstrate, through analysis and ground demonstrations, that system-level and technology improvements of an advanced material tank wall system and innovative upper-stage primary structure and mechanism can yield a lighter reignitable expendable upper stage that is cost-efficient and robust.

It also focuses on on the improvement and optimisation of existing manufacturing and control processes to reduce cost.

This activity covers technology developments associated with:

Metallic cryogenic tank
Carbon-Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) structures, including interstage, upper part structures and y-ring.


Avionics and pyrotechnics

Avionics

Advanced avionic systems are required for any future launcher to provide the processing capability for mission and launch vehicle management, guidance, navigation and control functions.

To answer the high-level requirements of the launch vehicle, the avionics system activities cover:

new mission features, such as long-duration missions requiring enhanced autonomy;
low exploitation costs;
relaxed requirements for fitting avionics subsystems on the launcher (e.g. avoiding the need for specific structure such as a vehicle equipment bay or avoiding the need for specific thermal conditioning);
mass reduction.

The activities under study include: avionics architecture compliant with standards; use of commercial-off-the-shelf electronic devices; redundancy features allowing the use of hardware diversity; optimisation of harness; optimisation of mission, integration and operations; innovative energy and power sources.


Pyrotechnics

Progress made on conventional pyrotechnics based on electro-pyrotechnics draw on the accomplishments and wide experience gained so far in Europe. These devices have been used on all Ariane rockets, including today's Ariane 5. This technology has proven to be reliable and safe and is used on ESA's new small Vega launcher.

However, to remain competitive, Europe needs to upgrade electro-pyrotechnic subsystems and devices to meet future needs in terms of size, cost and environmental regulations.

Opto-pyrotechnic technology is being evaluated worldwide as one of the key subsystems for the evolution of today's launchers and new developments.

It should reduce mass and recurring costs, improving maintainability and safety by removing primary explosives from the system. This simplifies operations before the launch, increases safety and protects the system from electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge.

     
Slush production pilot

     
Prospective technologies

Breakthrough technologies, including those with low technology readiness levels, are under study.


Densified propellant

Furthering European knowledge in slush hydrogen technologies, there is activity in assessing the feasibility and advantages of this type of propellant for next-generation launcher concepts.

Higher density and heat capacity make the use of densified propellants very attractive. Densified propellant is achieved by adding a solid fraction to liquid hydrogen. However, a number of issues still need to be resolved to make it a potential propellant for future space transportation.

The FLPP activity is based on a promising 'snow-gun' preparation method, to be demonstrated at laboratory scale. In parallel, preliminary system studies were conducted to assess launch vehicle concepts based on combinations of densified propellants, which provided positive results.

The use of densified propellants in Europe's existing launchers could increase the payload mass capability by 2% to 10%, depending on the densification level, the application stage and the target orbit. The benefits and drawbacks related to the use of slush into propulsion systems have still to be evaluated further.


CFRP cryogenic tanks and feed-lines

An important step towards mass reduction could be the use of advanced composite materials for structural components. The anisotropic strength and stiffness of carbon fibre can offer significant mass savings and cost efficiencies.

An automated manufacturing process allowing the integration of a cryogenic composite tank into an adjacent composite ring could, for instance, reduce mass and allow for the optimisation of the integration process.

Technology activities cover:

thermoset composite technology demonstrator, representative of a liquid hydrogen tank;
reinforced thermoplastic composites demonstrator;
CFRP cryogenic propellant feed-line with metallic liner.

Last update: 21 June 2011

[Salo]

http://www.spacenews.com/policy/120209-france-germany-resolve-ariane5-differences.html

Thu, 9 February, 2012
France, Germany To Establish Working Group To Resolve Ariane 5 Differences

By Peter B. de Selding

PARIS — France and Germany have agreed to establish two working groups to resolve their differences over the future of the Ariane 5 rocket and Europe's role in the international space station.

Both groups are scheduled to reach their conclusions by June 30, in time to inform French and German positions before a November conference of ministers from the 19-nation European Space Agency (ESA). The conference, held every three or four years, sets Europe's medium-term space budget and policy direction.

A conflict between France and Germany, ESA's two biggest contributors, over core ESA programs would threaten to destabilize a conference that already is faced with the stress of Europe's government debt crisis.

Following a Feb. 6 meeting in Paris of the two governments' council of ministers, the French and German ministers responsible for space policy issued a statement that reflects the two sides' disagreements.

The document is notable for the fact that France appears to be using historically German arguments — that the heavy-lift Ariane 5 rocket's costs need to come down — to counter Germany's backing of an Ariane 5 upgrade. France would prefer to skip the upgrade and to start work immediately on an Ariane 5 successor.

"Given the current situation, it is necessary to establish a coherent, stable and affordable framework for public-sector support for the current launch vehicles developed by ESA to improve their competitiveness," the document says.

"This support must be reduced in parallel with a change in governance, and a greater transparency, in the activities of all the enterprises involved in the operations of European launchers. The goal is to reduce their costs and increase the amount of risk assumed by industry."

Johann-Dietrich Woerner, chairman of the German Aerospace Center, DLR, acknowledged the irony of the fact that France, and not Germany, is now leading the critique of the operating costs of Ariane 5.

"The emphasis on cost reduction was actually the French mark-up of the document," Woerner said in a Feb. 8 interview. He said Germany remains open-minded about the French argument that the Ariane 5 Mid-life Extension (Ariane 5 ME) project will not resolve the current cost issues surrounding Ariane 5.

"As a scientist I always try to be open-minded," Woerner said. "The launcher itself is not the end product, and we do not develop launchers to support a launcher industry. We want autonomous access to space in Europe to launch our payloads. The question is, what launcher is best suited to that?"

In an attempt to position Ariane 5 ME as a cost-saving project, Ariane 5 prime contractor Astrium has said the upgrade — which features a restartable upper stage engine and a 20 percent boost in Ariane 5 performance — could allow ESA to eliminate the Ariane 5 price supports.

ESA governments now pay about 120 million euros ($158 million) per year to the Arianespace launch consortium of Evry, France, to offset fixed costs in Ariane 5 production and permit Arianespace to avoid financial losses.

Woerner said he did not give much credence to these promises so long as they are not accompanied by industry commitments to assume the costs on its own.

Early French designs of an Ariane 5 successor rocket show a vehicle of modular design that could place telecommunications satellites weighing between 3,000 and 8,000 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit, the destination of most commercial spacecraft.

The vehicle would replace both the heavy-lift Ariane 5 and the medium-lift Russian Soyuz rocket, which now operates alongside Ariane 5 at Europe's Guiana Space Center spaceport in South America.

The Ariane 5 successor, now called the Next-Generation Launcher (NGL), would lift satellites one at a time and be designed from the start to be much less dependent on the commercial satellite market to meet its costs, and much less costly to operate.