Форум Новости Космонавтики

ЦитироватьAt the end of the first step of the activity, six configurations were considered to deserve further technical and programmatic investigations during following phase:
For Building Block concepts, two options were analyzed:
- BBPPH with a lower composite based on use of Solid Propulsion technology.
- BBHH with a lower composite re-using as far as possible the Ariane 5 main core powered by the Vulcain 2 engine.
For both options, the Upper Composite is powered by an expander cycle LOX/LH2 engine being under development in the frame of FLPP [R2].

For the second family, called NGL, four concepts were defined:
- NGLHH-SC featuring an "all" LOX/LH2 launcher, first stage being powered by high thrust Staged Combustion (SC) engine.
- NGLHH-GG similar to the previous, first stage engine using Gas Generator (GG) technology.
- NGLCH combining LOX/CH4 lower stage and LOX/LH2 Upper Stage.
- NGLHC combining LOX/LH2 lower stage with LOX/CH4 Upper Stage.  

ЦитироватьFuture Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP)
3rd FLPP Industrial Workshop
15 October 2008
Space Expo
Noordwijk, The Netherlands

Правда не пилотируемые РН от ESA:
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/80352.jpg)

ЦитироватьБез ТТУ выводит 3 т на ГПО. С двумя ТТУ - 5 т. С шестью ТТУ -8 т.

ЦитироватьА после ввода этой системы  в эксплуатацию, что будет с "Союзом" в Куру?

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ЦитироватьА после ввода этой системы  в эксплуатацию, что будет с "Союзом" в Куру?

Пенсия. :wink:

Цитировать

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ЦитироватьА после ввода этой системы  в эксплуатацию, что будет с "Союзом" в Куру?

Пенсия. :wink:

Не, перейдет на пилотируемые ;)

ЦитироватьЛюди, да Вы чё? Пока евробюрократия раскрутиться "или ишак сдохнет или шах преставиться". Или СК "Союза" в Куру от времени развалться.

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ЦитироватьЛюди, да Вы чё? Пока евробюрократия раскрутиться "или ишак сдохнет или шах преставиться". Или СК "Союза" в Куру от времени развалться.

Кстати, а теоретически - можно с Куру запускать КК Союз?

Цитировать(http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/nk/forum-pic/BBPPH.gif)

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ЦитироватьЛюди, да Вы чё? Пока евробюрократия раскрутиться "или ишак сдохнет или шах преставиться". Или СК "Союза" в Куру от времени развалться.

Кстати, а теоретически - можно с Куру запускать КК Союз?

Конечно. Теоретически.

Цитировать

Цитировать(http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/nk/forum-pic/BBPPH.gif)

А вообще, прикольный "головастик" :D

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Цитировать(http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/nk/forum-pic/BBPPH.gif)

А вообще, прикольный "головастик" :D

Немного на Diamant BP4 смахивает.

ЦитироватьМне кажется, что это "ответ" на Ares I. По принципу: "американцы делают так, значит это правильно".

ЦитироватьА кто ж спорит? :)
Просто я поимел этот доклад по други каналам :)

ЦитироватьИ выдсете секреты ESA FLPP Program "в час по чайной ложке"? :P

ЦитироватьFuture Launchers Preparation,  
CNES Launcher Directorate 15/10/2007

http://www.cnes.fr/automne_modules_files/standard/public/p5898_ce2996a707aac899e51a4609497cd45ePreparation_des_lanceurs_futurs_3.pdf

ЦитироватьНе понял... Россия к 2030г. войдет в состав Объединенной Европы?
ESA и Роскосмос сольются в экстазе?

Цитироватьоффтоп
Объединенная Европа войдет в состав России
/оффтоп

Цитировать

Цитироватьоффтоп
Объединенная Европа войдет в состав России
/оффтоп

оффтоп
Войдёт на танках.
/оффтоп

ЦитироватьС вышеуказанным документиком нельзя забывать, что он подготовлен КНЕС - главными европейскими любителями многоразовости и всякой экзотики. Конечная программа ЕКА будет более консервативна.

ЦитироватьМодификация Ариан-5 с 2-мя Российскими многоразовыми ускорителями типа Байкал или Баргузин и оснащёнными двигателями типа "Волга"!

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ЦитироватьМодификация Ариан-5 с 2-мя Российскими многоразовыми ускорителями типа Байкал или Баргузин и оснащёнными двигателями типа "Волга"!

Если европейцы купятся на эту лажу - это будет суперкруто! Мы сразу отбросим Европу в космосе на десятилетия назад...

ЦитироватьНу, их же не смущает, то что они используют архаичные технические решения в РН. В конце-концов, успехи в космосе определяются не конструктивно-технологическими особенностями РН

Цитировать]Европейцы - они такие...

ЦитироватьЗанудливые и скупые?

Цитировать

ЦитироватьЗанудливые и скупые?

:D  
Они безбашенные и щедрые! И давно мечтают сделать многоразовую РН! :D

Цитировать

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ЦитироватьЗанудливые и скупые?

:D  
Они безбашенные и щедрые! И давно мечтают сделать многоразовую РН! :D

То-то они с Вегой так долго му... мучаются, короче. Уже лет 10, как мы с Ангарой почти:
"23 октября с.г. на испытательном полигоне Сальто-ди-Куерра на о. Сардиния было проведено огневое испытание ракетного двигателя Zefiro 9A, который создается для использования на ракете-носителе Vega. Это было предпоследнее испытание двигателя перед квалификационным полетом носителя, намеченного на 2009 год. Следующее огневое испытание двигателя запланировано на февраль 2009 года".
Вот чего его этот Зефиро испытывать? Уж вроде все с ним ОК было, ан нет... Надо еще. Хотели в 2007 г пускать, а сейчас планируют уже на 2009. Короче, мозгопары они, прости Господи. :twisted:

ЦитироватьУтвержденный на сегодня план предусматривает использование 1,4 млрд евро с 2008 по 2012 году на программу работы на МКС, а также 340 млн евро на разработку нового криогенного двигателя для европейской ракеты-носителя Arian. Двигатель будет принципиально новым и его создание должно быть полностью завершено через 9 лет.

ЦитироватьEurope looks to lighter, more nimble launcher after 2020
BY STEPHEN CLARK
SPACEFLIGHT NOW
Posted: October 16, 2009

The replacement for the Ariane 5 rocket after 2020 will likely be smaller and less expensive to meet the needs of lighter European Space Agency missions, according to the head of the agency's launcher program.

"The fact that we want launchers that serve our institutional missions means that we need a smaller launcher than Ariane 5, it being understood that Ariane 5 could serve the space station with ATV and launch exploration missions," said Antonio Fabrizi, ESA's director of launchers.

The Ariane 5's most powerful version can lift more than 21,000 pounds to geosynchronous transfer orbit and more than 44,000 pounds to low Earth orbit.

There are few individual ESA or commercial payloads capable of filling the Ariane 5's capacity, so Arianespace launches pairs of communications satellites on most of its flights.

One exception is the Automated Transfer Vehicle, a major ESA contribution to the International Space Station. The ATV weighs more than 42,000 pounds at launch, nearly maxing out the Ariane 5's capabilities.

The first ATV, named Jules Verne, delivered supplies to the station last year. At least four more ATV's are scheduled to fly through 2015.

But officials do not foresee many other payloads taking advantage of the Ariane 5's heavy-lifting capacity, unless ESA launches more ATV's, develops a human space transportation system, or takes a significant role in deep space exploration, Fabrizi said.

Ariane 5's prognosis may largely depend on policy decisions in the United States, especially on exploration and human spaceflight topics now being reviewed by leaders at NASA and in the White House.

ESA and NASA have been trending toward closer cooperation than ever before in recent months, including agreements on a combined Mars program, space transportation and discussions of an Earth sciences partnership.

"I'm not saying that Ariane 5 may be out of scope for us at all. On the contrary, but we have to think of what is best for us in the long term," Fabrizi said.

The outlook for ESA institutional missions, mostly science payloads, will determine the size of the Next-Generation Launcher, as the program is officially named.

"We look particularly at what we need for our institutional missions. Ariane 5 is not the most-used by us, so we would like a launcher that is better suited for the European institutional missions," Fabrizi said.

The commercial viability of a rocket is a secondary concern.

Jean-Yves Le Gall, chairman and CEO of Arianespace, declined to comment in detail on the Ariane 5's long-term future in an interview with Spaceflight Now.

"Today it is just a preliminary thought and I do not want to comment more than this because there is a very big spectrum of ideas," Le Gall said.

ESA is studying configuration options and consulting the agency's member states before potentially deciding on requirements for the new rocket.

The Ministerial Council, consisting of representatives of ESA member nations, gave support to the agency's Future Launch Preparatory Program during a meeting last November.

Officials are now soliciting input and ideas from the ESA's 18 member states, specifically France, Germany and Italy, according to Fabrizi.

"Looking at the scenarios after 2020 or 2025, we have to think what the demand for launchers will be. We have a roadmap that should lead to to the next Ministerial (Council) in the coming years," Fabrizi said.

"This roadmap starts with the delegations of our member states to discuss different scenarios and different requirements and what is the mission we want to give this new family of launchers," Fabrizi said.

ESA has also signed contracts for a high-thrust engine demonstrator that could be used on the new rocket.

The alternatives under review include configurations with solid and liquid propulsion, various numbers of stages and strap-on boosters.

"We have tradeoffs ongoing on different types of propulsion and staging. I think if we look at the long term evolution of the ESA family of launchers, we may think of Vega 2 and Ariane 6. But these are just names," Fabrizi said.

Prospects for a reusable launcher have been shelved due to concerns with technology development and high costs. ESA still plans to launch a small reusable re-entry demonstrator in 2012, and most of that mission is already funded.

In the meantime, officials are studying plans to install a more powerful and more reliable upper stage on the Ariane 5 by about 2016.

The upgrade would include the Vinci engine, a brand new power plant that would replace the Ariane 4 heritage HM-7B engine used on the Ariane 5's ECA upper stage.

The Vinci could allow the Ariane 5 to deliver cargo directly into geosynchronous orbit, cutting the amount of fuel satellites have to carry.

Officials expect decisions on both the evolution of Ariane 5 and a future replacement in 2011.

ЦитироватьПопробую, тем более, у меня тут кое-какие ходы есть.

ЦитироватьFrench President Nicolas Sarkozy has unveiled a plan for a multibillion euro bond issue that will benefit a range of French and European aeronautics and space projects.            
The issue, set for next year, calls for spending 35 billion euros ($52.5 billion) on high-tech projects to help the country recover from the effects of the global economic crisis. Although the bulk of funding will go to universities and basic research and to promote sustainable development, 6.5 billion euros will be earmarked for high-impact industrial initiatives .Chief among the space projects destined to benefit are a new launcher to replace the Ariane 5 heavy-lift rocket and new satellite designs, including a spacecraft constellation to monitor carbon dioxide emissions.

ЦитироватьPARIS — European Space Agency (ESA) head Jean-Jacques Dordain says the agency does not plan any program rollbacks due to cash flow problems that are afflicting the agency, and will move aggressively to define a concept for a new heavy-lift launch vehicle that would succeed the Ariane 5.

Dordain says ESA spending has grown an average of 10 percent per year since 2006 as the agency has ramped up new programs approved at the 2005 and 2008 ministerial summits. The sum reached €3.35 billion ($4.8 billion) last year. Although this was well below the 2009 budget, fiscal shortfalls in a number of ESA member countries provoked by the ongoing financial crisis created a cash crunch, forcing the agency to borrow money to pay near-term payment obligations.

To resolve the cash flow matter, ESA will freeze spending at 2009 levels (except for Galileo FOC) through 2010 and 2011, Dordain says. In addition, the agency will attempt to negotiate new contracts with lower payments at contract signature and higher payments on delivery. Anticipated slippage in existing programs also is expected to help.
...
The new heavy-lift launch vehicle would replace the Ariane 5 around 2025. The European launch community says the changing market calls for a new vehicle sized more closely to fit government requirements and designed so that commercial launch needs are not central to its sustainability. The objective, Dordain says, is to arrive at the next ministerial summit in 2011 with a firm definition proposal for the new booster, known in ESA parlance as the New Generation Launcher (NGL) but commonly called the Ariane 6.

The undertaking received a major boost in December when it was named to benefit from a special French government bond issue. Valerie Pecresse, the minister in charge of space, says the bond issue will provide €250 million ($360 million) to begin definition of the Ariane 6, which is expected to cost €3.5 billion to €8 billion to develop.

Dordain says ESA has already begun studying Ariane 6 concepts with French space agency CNES and other member states using building blocks and funding provided through the Future Launcher Preparatory Program (FLPP). Dordain notes that many of the design choices remain to be made, including which type of propulsion system — cryogenic, storable propellant or advanced solid rocket — should be used. However, he says the new vehicle will almost certainly adopt the modular approach that French engineers have proposed, capable of launching three to six or seven metric tons — the upper limit of telecom satellites — to geostationary transfer orbit. This would shift the focus from dual launches, which have long been the hallmark of Arianespace, to the single launch approach followed by competing operators.

Antonio Fabrizi, the ESA launcher director, says the other member states involved in launcher activity, notably Germany and Italy, are in basic agreement with the French approach. Fabrizi notes that the French concept is itself a refinement of a 4-8 metric ton modular configuration already being studied in FLPP. "But France is providing the impetus to move forward," he says. "Every program needs a political push."

ЦитироватьКонцепт - половинка Арианы-5 с ТТУ в качестве первой ступени (заметьте - идея была
опубликована до программы "Созвездие" :idea: )

ЦитироватьИ назовём это чудо "Арес-0.5"  :lol:

ЦитироватьУ этой чуды две твердотопливные ступени.

ЦитироватьEurope's Launch Infrastructure Costs Loom Large Amid Fiscal Crisis
By Peter B. de Selding


       SAN SEBASTIAN, Spain — Confronting a budget crisis that likely will take years to resolve, European governments have begun debating how to manage the increased operating costs associated with three separate launch vehicles and launch installations at Europe's spaceport in French Guiana.

    A parallel debate is taking place over whether Europe's governments can afford to invest in a major improvement to the current Ariane 5 heavy-lift rocket even as they start designing a vehicle to succeed it.

    In an illustration of how the discussion is being played out, the head of the German Aerospace Center, DLR, said here that he is "totally against the idea of an Ariane 6 vehicle." But Johann-Dietrich Woerner said Germany could, at least in principle, support co-investment in an improved Ariane 5 even as work starts on a successor rocket.

    The French government, which is expected to finance the biggest share of the post-Ariane 5 rocket even as it pays for nearly 50 percent of the current Ariane 5, has indicated it would use a public bond issue as part of a broader economic-stimulus package to finance work on the next-generation vehicle.

    European governments in 2008 agreed to continue preliminary work on an Ariane 5 Midlife Extension vehicle that would employ a cryogenic upper stage and would increase Ariane 5's performance in its core business: simultaneously launching two telecommunications satellites into geostationary transfer orbit.

    The current Ariane 5 ECA rocket is able to loft two telecommunications satellites with a combined weight of nearly 9,000 kilograms. A series of small upgrades, including reducing its weight, should, by 2015, nudge that capacity to close to 10,000 kilograms, according to the French space agency, CNES.

    European Space Agency (ESA) governments in late 2008 agreed to fund initial work on the Midlife Extension vehicle, with the funds needed to complete development and testing — 1 billion euros ($1.24 billion) or more — to be decided in 2012 at a meeting of ESA government ministers.

    Equipped with a new, cryogenic upper stage, the Ariane 5 Midlife Extension vehicle would be able to carry two satellites weighing a combined 11,500 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit starting around 2017.

    But these governments will also be asked in 2012 to approve the start of work on an Ariane 5 successor, to debut around 2025, and possible upgrades to the small Vega rocket, whose inaugural flight has been delayed to early 2011.

    Still unclear at this point is whether ESA members will be asked to pay substantially more for the operation of the Guiana Space Center in French Guiana once the spaceport is fully operational with three vehicles at three launch pads. A European version of Russia's Soyuz rocket is scheduled to begin operations at the Guiana center late this year.

    The Arianespace commercial launch consortium of Evry, France, which will be operating Soyuz and Vega in addition to Ariane 5, has begun assessing maintenance and operating costs and is advising ESA and CNES rocket-design teams to take account of life-cycle operating costs as well as the costs of a rocket's construction.

    Addressing the Space Propulsion 2010 conference here May 3, Arianespace Program Director Louis Laurent gave the example of helium, used to pressurize fuel tanks and flush fuel lines. Once an engine has been designed for helium, it is difficult to switch to some other gas. But helium, he said, is expensive to use.

    Laurent said designers should take account of how much different types of fuel — solid, cryogenic or storable propellants — and other consumables cost to produce and to use over the life cycle of a rocket that may remain in operation for 20 years or more.

    Similarly, Laurent said Ariane 5's current economic model, based on launching two satellites at a time, was originally designed to reduce costs to satellite owners. It is not, he said, a requirement of the market.

    "Operating-cost constraints need to be included from the early design phase," Laurent said. "Beyond the classic constraints of reliability and launcher cost, robustness — meaning the ease of production and operations — will be drivers for future success."

    Patrice Plotard, head of future launchers at Astrium Space Transportation, the prime contractor for the Ariane 5 rocket, said whatever vehicle follows Ariane 5, it needs "a big reduction in operating costs. In our discussions with our engineers, this is one of the main drivers" for the future vehicle

    "We need to design for producibility, and not just design for performance, which was the main goal in the past," Plotard said. "We need to consider it as an industrial product. This requires a change in mindset even within Astrium Space Transportation. It cannot be just an excellent product from a production viewpoint."

    Michel Eymard, director of launchers at CNES, said the post-Ariane 5 vehicle needs to be designed to provide a 40 percent reduction in the cost of putting a kilogram of payload into orbit compared with today's Ariane 5 ECA rocket. It also needs to be easy enough to operate so that it can change its mission within two weeks of a launch.

    Early CNES designs of the post-Ariane 5 rocket suggest a modular vehicle that typically would launch one large telecommunications satellite at a time, not two, and would be able to survive mainly on the limited market for European government payloads. Today's Ariane 5 is mainly a commercial launcher that would require substantially more government investment to be able to survive primarily on government business.

ЦитироватьНу надо же, какой перекос снова к конфигурациям Ариан-4 !  :)

ЦитироватьНу надо же, какой перекос снова к конфигурациям Ариан-4 !  :)

Цитировать(http://cms.dynaweb3.nl/users/esa/images/10M70_FLPP/image_main_v2.jpg)

ЦитироватьА что это за движок? Новый водородник или уже метановик?

ЦитироватьА что это за движок? Новый водородник или уже метановик?

Цитировать

ЦитироватьА что это за движок? Новый водородник или уже метановик?

Нашел. Это новый водородник класса 250 тс с дожиганием

Цитировать(http://s001.radikal.ru/i195/1011/17/71bed5cc0e7c.jpg)

ЦитироватьЧто это было, Берримор? :shock:

Цитировать

Цитировать(http://s001.radikal.ru/i195/1011/17/71bed5cc0e7c.jpg)

Что это было, Берримор? :shock:

ЦитироватьAriane-X, сэр!

Цитировать

ЦитироватьAriane-X, сэр!

Where you took this porno? :shock:

ЦитироватьAriane-1, 2, 3, 4, 5... или Перспективы европейцев в космосе

Европейская ракета-носитель Ariane-5 вот уже 15 лет подряд исправно выполняет свою миссию - выводит в космос спутники самого разного назначения. Но пора бы уже задуматься над разработкой следующего поколения ракеты.

Ракета-носитель Ariane, сегодня существующая уже в пятом поколении, относится к самым успешным программам Европейского космического агентства. Менее месяца назад состоялся юбилейный, двухсотый старт Ariane-5: ракета вывела на околоземную орбиту автоматический грузовой космический корабль Johannes Kepler, который затем состыковался с Международной космической станцией, доставив на борт более семи тонн грузов, в том числе пять тонн топлива, запасы кислорода и воды, продовольствие, одежду и почту для экипажа, научное оборудование и расходные материалы. Конечно, в истории программы Ariane случались отказы и сбои, но без них, как известно, ни одно серьезное дело не обходится.

Ариадна выводит из тупика

Название программы восходит к древнегреческой мифологии: Ariane, она же Ариадна, дочь критского царя Миноса и внучка бога Солнца Гелиоса, влюбилась в афинского героя Тесея, отправившегося в подземный лабиринт, чтобы убить обитавшее там чудовище - человекобыка Минотавра. Ариадна вручила герою клубок нити, разматывая который, он смог выбраться из лабиринта после того, как победил Минотавра.

Руководители Европейского космического агентства, выбирая имя для своей новой ракеты-носителя, видимо, решили, что Ариадна поможет им выбраться из того лабиринта, в котором они оказались и который грозил обернуться тупиком: все старты предшественниц Ariane - ракет Europa-1 и Europa-2 - завершились неудачно.

Но первый же старт новой европейской ракеты семейства Ariane, состоявшийся в канун Рождества 1979 года, прошел успешно. Ракета легкого класса Ariane-1 совершила в общей сложности одиннадцать стартов, и девять из них увенчались успехом. С переходом на ракеты среднего класса успехи шли по нарастающей: из шести стартов Ariane-2 удачными оказались пять, из одиннадцати стартов Ariane-3 - удачных 10, из 116 стартов Ariane-4 - удачных 113.

На мировом рынке космических услуг столь высокая надежность ракеты была оценена по достоинству: уже вскоре более половины всех коммерческих заказов на вывод космических аппаратов на околоземную орбиту выполняли европейцы.

Большой успех европейской разработки

Правда, премьера ракеты тяжелого класса Ariane-5 4 июня 1996 года оказалась крайне неудачной: из-за ошибки в работе бортового программного обеспечения ракета на 37-й секунде полета отклонилась от курса и самоликвидировалась. Но уже вторая попытка спустя год с небольшим увенчалась успехом. С тех пор провалом завершился лишь еще один запуск Ariane-5 - всего же их было 56. Все запуски осуществляются с космодрома Куру во Французской Гайане, главная специальность ракеты Ariane-5 - вывод коммерческих телекоммуникационных спутников на геостационарную орбиту.

Все вроде бы замечательно. Но время, как известно, не стоит на месте. Вальтер Дёллингер (Walter Döllinger), ныне статс-секретарь в федеральном министерстве труда Германии, а ранее один из топ-менеджеров Немецкого аэрокосмического центра, говорит: "Ariane-5 - нынешняя европейская ракета-носитель - в какой-то момент, скажем так, перестанет соответствовать уровню развития технологий. А на разработку нового поколения ракет-носителей требуется примерно 10 лет. Поэтому мы уже сегодня ставим эксперименты и задумываемся над вопросом, что должно прийти на смену Ariane-5".

Предложений много, решения нет

Европейское космическое агентство не хочет повторять ошибку американских коллег, которые вынуждены в этом году вывести из эксплуатации свои шаттлы, не озаботившись вовремя разработкой нового поколения транспортных кораблей многоразового пользования. В результате американцы на несколько лет остались без собственного средства доставки людей и грузов на МКС. Европейцы были дальновиднее - в том смысле, что задумались над проблемой смены поколений вовремя.

Вот только никакого конкретного решения они пока так и не приняли. Немцы ратуют за разработку более мощной третьей ступени для Ariane-5, французов больше привлекает идея создания совсем нового носителя Ariane-6. Йенс Кауффман (Jens Kauffmann), глава отдела пусковых систем в парижской штаб-квартире Европейского космического агентства, говорит: "Можно себе представить такое решение: в ближайшей перспективе заняться повышением грузоподъемности Ariane-5, а параллельно, шаг за шагом, готовить разработку ракеты-носителя следующего поколения".

При этом одноразовая ракета может стать многоразовой - по крайней мере, частично, - поясняет Йенс Кауффман: "На сегодняшний день большинство концепций предусматривают возврат на землю первой ступени. Но есть и концепции, предполагающие полную многоразовость". Впрочем, многоразовость - не единственный и даже не главный фактор. Главное - все же мощность. Но пока единственное, чем реально располагает Европа - это Ariane-5. А что придет ей на смену - по-прежнему неясно.

Автор: Владимир Фрадкин
Редактор: Дарья Брянцева

ЦитироватьEarly work on a new-generation launch vehicle to succeed Europe's current Ariane 5 heavy-lift rocket and the Europeanized version of Russia's medium-lift Soyuz vehicle, whose flights from Europe's Guiana Space Center spaceport are scheduled to begin this summer. Astrium Space Transportation and Safran's Snecma rocket-motor division will lead the work.

Alain Charmeau, president of Astrium Space Transportation, said the vehicle will have a cryogenic upper stage based on the Vinci engine being developed for an Ariane 5 upgrade, and a solid- or liquid-fueled main stage. It would be capable of placing satellites weighing between 2,000 and 8,000 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit, with solid- or liquid-fueled strap-on boosters added for the heavier payloads.

The bond issue, called "Investments for the Future," features an immediate grant of 82.5 million euros for the new rocket, with another 167 million euros to come in a second tranche.

Цитировать(http://s001.radikal.ru/i195/1011/17/71bed5cc0e7c.jpg)

Цитировать(http://s001.radikal.ru/i195/1011/17/71bed5cc0e7c.jpg)
Дяденьки, я не понял, отчего такая ирония.
Это Вы про то что европейцы такое не собираются, не нужно,  или тут какая техничекая нелепость?

ЦитироватьНе собираются, не нужно, нелепость -рисунок , полученный деформацией Ариан-5 неким любителем :lol:

ЦитироватьОх, боже ж ты мой!

Требую немедленного развёртывания нашей региональной ПРО :!:  :!:  :!:

ЦитироватьНу я к примеру видел как любитель пририсовал к Энергии ещё боковушек и получился типа "Вулкан". До публикаций. Я и интересуюсь что тут ТЕХНИЧЕСКИ нелепо. Кстати, тут где-то прочитал что ТТУ для Энергии были как вариант, но не стали из-за температурной нестабильности, малого опыта + даже обосновали неэкологичность.

Цитировать

ЦитироватьAriane-X, сэр!

Where you took this porno? :shock:

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Цитировать

ЦитироватьAriane-X, сэр!

Where you took this porno? :shock:

Оказывается, это действительно официальная проработка CDF 2005 года:

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/17972.jpg)

Цитировать

Цитировать

Цитировать

ЦитироватьAriane-X, сэр!

Where you took this porno? :shock:

Оказывается, это действительно официальная проработка CDF 2005 года:

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/17972.jpg)

Это - проработка, а то что Гаэтано нарисовал - порно.

Цитировать

ЦитироватьЭто - проработка, а то что Гаэтано нарисовал - порно.

Хм. А выглядит - ну примерно так же. Хотя и упрощенно, но у нас на форуме попадались картинки и попримитивнее, и поглупее концептуально.
Разве что у Гаэтано его личное лого через весь рисунок. Что уже порнографично - поскольку плагиат.

ЦитироватьЭто - проработка, а то что Гаэтано нарисовал - порно.

ЦитироватьESA's high-thrust engine takes next step

22 June 2011
The new main engine to power Europe's successor to its Ariane 5 space launcher was brought a step closer today when ESA signed a €60 million contract with a propulsion consortium at the Paris Air & Space Show.

ESA is preparing the NGL Next-Generation Launcher to meet Europe's institutional needs and safeguard its guaranteed access to space into the long term, ensuring it will continue to have effective and economic launchers at its disposal.

The work is being performed under the Agency's Future Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP), which is identifying and studying new launch vehicle concepts and anticipating the technologies to make them possible.
 
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NGL concepts

Many configurations have been screened and studied on the way to the current four, using two and three stages to orbit, different types of liquid and solid propellants and a cryogenic upper stage.

A key development for Europe's next-generation launcher is its main engine.

One objective of FLPP is to enable an informed decision to be taken later in the NGL programme, through studies and integrated demonstrators.

 Liquid propulsion is promising for the main stage because of its flexibility, growth potential and track record.

One of the candidates, the liquid-propellant High-Thrust Engine (HTE) demonstrator, will help to understand the key technology issues while developing European competence in propulsion system integration and advanced technologies.

Today's contract signing with the Joint Propulsion Team – a consortium of Astrium GmbH, Avio SpA and Snecma (Safran Group) – moves HTE to the next phase: the engine's preliminary design reviews.

It follows on from a contract that in 2007 began integrating key European competences of 14 companies in nine countries, for a total amount of €100 million.

"The High-Thrust Engine project completed the system requirements review in May, proving the maturity of the selected design," said Jérôme Breteau, ESA Propulsion Project Manager.

"The project has already delivered significant technological achievements, including several European 'firsts'.

"It is now heading towards the preliminary design review planned for mid-2012. Hot-firing tests will be performed around 2014, which could also evolve towards a pre-development phase."

"Building on the excellence and knowhow of the European propulsion industrial team, this contract allows the project to make a significant step in advanced liquid propulsion capabilities," added Antonio Fabrizi, ESA Director of Launchers.

"It will also enable a shared assessment of our options and the different technologies to be used for Europe's next-generation launcher, to be operational by 2025 or earlier."

ЦитироватьСегодня же в рамках парижского авиакосмического салона представители ЕКА сообщили, что подписали контракт стоимостью 60 млн евро на создание двигателя, который ляжет в основу новой европейской космической ракеты NGL (Next-Generation Launcher), предназначенной для использования в промышленности, в частности для выведения новых спутников на орбиту.

За создание нового жидкотопливного двигателя будут отвечать компании Astrium GmbH, Avio SpA и Snecma (Safran Group). Получить в готовом виде ракету NGL Европа планирует к 2022 году, а к 2025 начать ее эксплуатировать.

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ЦитироватьAvio: Contract with ESA for New Space Propulsion System

2011/06/22
Joint Propulsion Team Will Develop a Demonstrator
Destined for Next Generation Space Launchers into Service between 2020 and 2025

Paris Air Show, Le Bourget, 22 June 2011 – Avio, international aerospace group headquartered in Italy, leader in propulsion systems, jointly signed, with the other members of the Joint Propulsion Team Consortium (Astrium and SNECMA, Safran Group), a contract with the European Space Agency (ESA) for the development of a demonstrator of a liquid-propellant space propulsion system characterised by a high thrust capacity.

The new propulsion system foresees more efficient combustion cycle which can be potentially employed for New Generation of Launchers (NGL), which will enter into service between 2020 and 2025.

In addition to oxidizer turbopump, Avio will be responsible for the design of the methane gas version of the demonstrator, coordinating the activities of the European partners involved in the design of the main components (combustion chamber, turbopump). The programme will proceed with a "Preliminary Design Review" (PDR), expected at year-end 2013, and then with the production, assembly and testing phase, until the complete qualification of the demonstrator.

The contract, with an overall value of € 60 million, is part of a larger project worth over € 100 million, whose activities were started up in 2007, and involves 14 companies from nine European countries.

ЦитироватьИзвращенцы  :x

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ЦитироватьИзвращенцы  :x

Почему же? С их точки зрения разумное сочетание наработок по "Веге" и криогенным технологиям.

ЦитироватьPropulsion activities

Propulsion is important for maintaining and widening our gateway to space. It takes extreme speed to reach orbit and precisely controlled thrust firing to get a mission where it needs to be. Without propulsion technology, nothing goes anywhere.

Designing the main propulsion system is technically complex and requires interaction with the overall performance and operational capabilities of the Next Generation Launcher.

FLPP identified the enabling critical launcher technologies, which are now being designed at both component and subsystem level to increase their technology readiness level, as intermediate steps prior to an overall integrated demonstration.

The configurations of the planned demonstrators are a result of launcher system and propulsion system analysis and trade-off studies. With a limited budget, they cover a great amount of critical enabling technologies.

This approach has specific benefits:

Offers a pool of options and upgrades for quick spin-offs applicable to existing launchers.
Performs high added-value research and development.
Safeguards propulsion system integration and technology competencies in Europe.
     
Planned demonstrations

Staged Combustion Rocket Engine - Demonstrator (SCORE-D)

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SCORE-D is being developed for main-stage applications of future launchers: Next Generation Launcher, Expandable Launch Vehicles, Reusable Launch Vehicles, Liquid Fly-Back Boosters and evolutions of the Ariane rocket.

SCORE-D targets to demonstrate the integration of staged combustion technology for the European high-thrust engines, and validate the design and analysis tools, and critical manufacturing processes.

It develops enabling competences in Europe and gives the technical and programmatic basis to make informed decisions on future launchers and propulsion systems. The demonstration includes, as much as possible, new technologies developed as part of FLPP and those developed in national programmes.

The features of SCORE-D have been chosen so as to maximise the ratio between representative future operational engines and cost. The engine is based on versatility and modularity, allowing the testing of different variations of the same function by the easy replacement of specific components.

Finally, depending on costs and risks, and thanks to modularity, it may serve as a preliminary study for testing propulsion technologies beyond the next generation high-thrust engines.
     
     
Upper-stage expander cycle demonstrator

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Launcher studies have shown clearly the need for a versatile, high-performance, evolved cryogenic upper-stage engine capable of delivering payloads to all kinds of orbits, ranging from low orbit to exploration missions in deep space.

A high-performance upper-stage engine appeared to be a central element for the Next Generation Launcher, and a cryogenic expander engine offered high-expectations in terms of performance and reliability.

A number of new technologies are being developed for an advanced upper-stage cryogenic expander cycle engine. These include:

advanced turbo-pumps for expander cycle applications;
an improved chamber cooling system;
ignition system capable of several restarts;
ceramic matrix composite extendible nozzle.

The project has achieved the first cryogenic reignitions and closed-loop regulation in Europe, and demonstrated European expertise in the high pressure hydrogen expander cycle. This engine is now the baseline for the next Ariane 5 ME version.
     
Storable propulsion demonstrator
     
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A storable propulsion demonstrator, used for a vehicle's upper-stage and landers in exploration missions, is being developed.

The addressed propulsion category is a 3–8 kN storable pressure-fed engine, for small upper-stage propulsion and versatile orbital propulsion.      

Pressure Oscillation Demonstrator – eXperimental (POD-X)

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POD-X is being developed in collaboration with CNES. This versatile demonstrator aims to increase our knowledge of pressure oscillation in solid propulsion engines, such as Ariane 5's MPS (Moteur Propergol Solide) engine and its possible evolutions.

The results of the demonstration will be applicable to other solid rocket motors, such as those used for the Vega launcher, the NGL and strap-on boosters.

In addition, POD-X will allow the study of other aspects of solid rocket motors, such as new propellant formulations, innovative instrumentation, and new materials for nozzle, igniters and thermal protection.
     
Hybrid propulsion Demonstrator

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Hybrid propulsion is considered as a credible 'new' technology to power future operational space transportation systems. It offers a cheap and performing solution by combining the benefits of solid and liquid propulsion.

The demonstrator aims to show the benefits of this technology and increase the readiness level of hybrid propulsion. It could also be used as a preparatory step towards developing an operational engine to power the sounding rockets that are currently planned in Europe.

Last update: 21 June 2011

ЦитироватьTechnology

Novel technologies that cope with the ever-changing conditions from launch until payload delivery in orbit are required to improve performance and reduce the cost of access to space, while remaining highly reliable.

The 'Core Technology' project, under FLPP, aims at developing these technologies and gaining the knowledge to support the development of future launchers, as well as studying potential technology spin-offs for European launchers. They address critical component, subsystem and system-level technologies, which results in the improvement of their technology and integration readiness.

The first period of FLPP concentrated on system studies and technology developments for the preparation of a Reusable Launch Vehicle, focusing on hot structures.

Activities are now focusing on the development of upgraded and new technologies to support a number of launch vehicle architectures in order to:

Reduce mass and improve the stage structural index
Improve robustness and mitigate the technological risks of future developments
Provide new functions
Decrease launcher costs
     

Cryogenic Upper Stage Technologies (CUST)

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/20410.png)      
Versatile thermal insulation concept

A restartable upper stage responds to the need for launchers to be flexible and be able to adapt to different mission scenarios.

The programme is identifying and developing critical technologies, enabling versatile missions and improving the performances of a reignitable cryogenic upper stage.

This project is organised in three parts:

Activity dedicated to the selection of critical technologies
Activity targeting technology development to reach Technology Readiness Level 5/6
Flight testing of gravity-dependent technologies

The following promising technologies were identified:

Versatile external thermal insulation concepts
Inner wetted insulation/common bulk
Pre-chill down before reignition
Propellant management device
Propellant preconditioning
Gas port phase separator
Functional system analysis software
Ground connector
Critical helium storage

Development of a number of these technologies began at the end of 2009 and flight demonstrations are planned. The propellant management device will be tested end of 2011 on a Texus sounding rocket, in cooperation with DLR.


Structures, materials and processes

Future launch vehicles require higher structural efficiency, which in turn requires innovative materials, structural concepts and new processing technologies.

Structures and materials are being addressed as challenges on the road to the next-generation launcher, targeting a decrease in structural mass with special attention to cryogenic fuel containment and thermal protection systems.

The inert mass of an upper stage has a direct impact on launch vehicle performance. To maximise the payload mass, the upper stage must use lightweight structures to improve the mass fraction of the stage.

The technology activity is designed to demonstrate, through analysis and ground demonstrations, that system-level and technology improvements of an advanced material tank wall system and innovative upper-stage primary structure and mechanism can yield a lighter reignitable expendable upper stage that is cost-efficient and robust.

It also focuses on on the improvement and optimisation of existing manufacturing and control processes to reduce cost.

This activity covers technology developments associated with:

Metallic cryogenic tank
Carbon-Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) structures, including interstage, upper part structures and y-ring.


Avionics and pyrotechnics

Avionics

Advanced avionic systems are required for any future launcher to provide the processing capability for mission and launch vehicle management, guidance, navigation and control functions.

To answer the high-level requirements of the launch vehicle, the avionics system activities cover:

new mission features, such as long-duration missions requiring enhanced autonomy;
low exploitation costs;
relaxed requirements for fitting avionics subsystems on the launcher (e.g. avoiding the need for specific structure such as a vehicle equipment bay or avoiding the need for specific thermal conditioning);
mass reduction.

The activities under study include: avionics architecture compliant with standards; use of commercial-off-the-shelf electronic devices; redundancy features allowing the use of hardware diversity; optimisation of harness; optimisation of mission, integration and operations; innovative energy and power sources.


Pyrotechnics

Progress made on conventional pyrotechnics based on electro-pyrotechnics draw on the accomplishments and wide experience gained so far in Europe. These devices have been used on all Ariane rockets, including today's Ariane 5. This technology has proven to be reliable and safe and is used on ESA's new small Vega launcher.

However, to remain competitive, Europe needs to upgrade electro-pyrotechnic subsystems and devices to meet future needs in terms of size, cost and environmental regulations.

Opto-pyrotechnic technology is being evaluated worldwide as one of the key subsystems for the evolution of today's launchers and new developments.

It should reduce mass and recurring costs, improving maintainability and safety by removing primary explosives from the system. This simplifies operations before the launch, increases safety and protects the system from electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge.

     
Slush production pilot

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Prospective technologies

Breakthrough technologies, including those with low technology readiness levels, are under study.


Densified propellant

Furthering European knowledge in slush hydrogen technologies, there is activity in assessing the feasibility and advantages of this type of propellant for next-generation launcher concepts.

Higher density and heat capacity make the use of densified propellants very attractive. Densified propellant is achieved by adding a solid fraction to liquid hydrogen. However, a number of issues still need to be resolved to make it a potential propellant for future space transportation.

The FLPP activity is based on a promising 'snow-gun' preparation method, to be demonstrated at laboratory scale. In parallel, preliminary system studies were conducted to assess launch vehicle concepts based on combinations of densified propellants, which provided positive results.

The use of densified propellants in Europe's existing launchers could increase the payload mass capability by 2% to 10%, depending on the densification level, the application stage and the target orbit. The benefits and drawbacks related to the use of slush into propulsion systems have still to be evaluated further.


CFRP cryogenic tanks and feed-lines

An important step towards mass reduction could be the use of advanced composite materials for structural components. The anisotropic strength and stiffness of carbon fibre can offer significant mass savings and cost efficiencies.

An automated manufacturing process allowing the integration of a cryogenic composite tank into an adjacent composite ring could, for instance, reduce mass and allow for the optimisation of the integration process.

Technology activities cover:

thermoset composite technology demonstrator, representative of a liquid hydrogen tank;
reinforced thermoplastic composites demonstrator;
CFRP cryogenic propellant feed-line with metallic liner.

Last update: 21 June 2011

ЦитироватьThu, 9 February, 2012
France, Germany To Establish Working Group To Resolve Ariane 5 Differences

By Peter B. de Selding

PARIS — France and Germany have agreed to establish two working groups to resolve their differences over the future of the Ariane 5 rocket and Europe's role in the international space station.

Both groups are scheduled to reach their conclusions by June 30, in time to inform French and German positions before a November conference of ministers from the 19-nation European Space Agency (ESA). The conference, held every three or four years, sets Europe's medium-term space budget and policy direction.

A conflict between France and Germany, ESA's two biggest contributors, over core ESA programs would threaten to destabilize a conference that already is faced with the stress of Europe's government debt crisis.

Following a Feb. 6 meeting in Paris of the two governments' council of ministers, the French and German ministers responsible for space policy issued a statement that reflects the two sides' disagreements.

The document is notable for the fact that France appears to be using historically German arguments — that the heavy-lift Ariane 5 rocket's costs need to come down — to counter Germany's backing of an Ariane 5 upgrade. France would prefer to skip the upgrade and to start work immediately on an Ariane 5 successor.

"Given the current situation, it is necessary to establish a coherent, stable and affordable framework for public-sector support for the current launch vehicles developed by ESA to improve their competitiveness," the document says.

"This support must be reduced in parallel with a change in governance, and a greater transparency, in the activities of all the enterprises involved in the operations of European launchers. The goal is to reduce their costs and increase the amount of risk assumed by industry."

Johann-Dietrich Woerner, chairman of the German Aerospace Center, DLR, acknowledged the irony of the fact that France, and not Germany, is now leading the critique of the operating costs of Ariane 5.

"The emphasis on cost reduction was actually the French mark-up of the document," Woerner said in a Feb. 8 interview. He said Germany remains open-minded about the French argument that the Ariane 5 Mid-life Extension (Ariane 5 ME) project will not resolve the current cost issues surrounding Ariane 5.

"As a scientist I always try to be open-minded," Woerner said. "The launcher itself is not the end product, and we do not develop launchers to support a launcher industry. We want autonomous access to space in Europe to launch our payloads. The question is, what launcher is best suited to that?"

In an attempt to position Ariane 5 ME as a cost-saving project, Ariane 5 prime contractor Astrium has said the upgrade — which features a restartable upper stage engine and a 20 percent boost in Ariane 5 performance — could allow ESA to eliminate the Ariane 5 price supports.

ESA governments now pay about 120 million euros ($158 million) per year to the Arianespace launch consortium of Evry, France, to offset fixed costs in Ariane 5 production and permit Arianespace to avoid financial losses.

Woerner said he did not give much credence to these promises so long as they are not accompanied by industry commitments to assume the costs on its own.

Early French designs of an Ariane 5 successor rocket show a vehicle of modular design that could place telecommunications satellites weighing between 3,000 and 8,000 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit, the destination of most commercial spacecraft.

The vehicle would replace both the heavy-lift Ariane 5 and the medium-lift Russian Soyuz rocket, which now operates alongside Ariane 5 at Europe's Guiana Space Center spaceport in South America.

The Ariane 5 successor, now called the Next-Generation Launcher (NGL), would lift satellites one at a time and be designed from the start to be much less dependent on the commercial satellite market to meet its costs, and much less costly to operate.

ЦитироватьQuestion: When would you like to see an Ariane 5 replacement?

Le Gall: I think that whatever the European governments decide, either to upgrade the Ariane 5 or to develop fr om scratch a new launch vehicle, it will seven to eight years. That means about 2020.

Question: That is assuming there is a decision this year.

Le Gall: Right, at the end of this year there is a ministerial meeting of the ESA Council. If there is a decision, it will be for a first flight in 2020, 2018, or 2019.

Question: Would it be a specific replacement or a supplement to Ariane 5?

Le Gall: In both cases, it will be the same.

Question: Would you be looking for something that has the same performance as Ariane 5?

Le Gall: No, in fact, if there is an upgrade of Ariane 5, it will be with extra capacity, probably with 1.5 or 2 extra tonnes. If it is an Ariane 6, people speak about a launcher which will be around 6 tonnes. I think we still have to wait a few months because there are different points to be considered before choosing this new launch vehicle, and that is the discussion in Europe.

Question: What kind of cost would you estimate is needed to develop a new rocket, and what specific performance metrics would you want to improve?

Le Gall: I've heard a cost of about a few billion euros. As for the performance, it's about 6-to-6.5 tonnes.

Question: Compared to what for a single launch?

Le Gall: Ariane 5 today does not perform single launch, just dual-launch. If there is an option to upgrade Ariane 5, it will be by a few tonnes. If there is an option to develop a new launch vehicle, it will be a launch vehicle in the range of 6 tonnes.

Question: For single or dual launches?

Le Gall: For single launches.

Question: Would you replace the Ariane 5 or would you continue to use that?

Le Gall: I don't know. It's too long-term.

Question: Could you share your thoughts on some of the more recent entrants to the launch vehicle family, particularly with the new Angara comes online or when the new Long March family comes out, or the Indian launchers?

Le Gall: You see, all these people have many projects. But in this business, projects are existing when you start to launch. Let us wait for the first launch. When I arrived in this business 10 years ago, we already spoke about the first flight of Angara. That was 10 years ago. We didn't see any flights. And the next Long March? We'll see. But today, the Long March is mostly out of the market due to the ITAR regulations.

Question: Will that change anytime soon?

Le Gall: It doesn't seem to be that will be a trend.

Question: If the ESA Council decides on the development of a new launcher, which would preclude you from doing dual-launches in the distant future, what would that do to your competitiveness?

Le Gall: I'm not comfortable speaking about Ariane 6 too much yet. It is not yet the business of Arianespace. It is now the business of the European Space Agency, and there are changes every week because we are in a process wh ere people think and try to adapt. We will rendezvous at the end of the year at the ministerial conference, and a decision should be taken then. Today, we see the two options, and upgrade of Ariane 5 or a new launch vehicle. Once you decide on those, you can say much more.

ЦитироватьPARIS — The world's second-largest commercial satellite fleet operator has advised the European Space Agency (ESA) that the future commercial launch market would prefer a next-generation rocket that is modular in design and capable of orbiting telecommunications satellites of varying sizes one at a time.

Luxembourg-based SES is ready to consider ordering all-electric-propulsion satellites for its future fleet requirements, a development that likely would have an effect on the kind of launch vehicles it buys, SES Chief Executive Romain Bausch said.

"We see the market splitting into two groups of satellites — one between 3,000 and 3,500 kilograms, the other at 6,000 to 6,500 kilograms," Bausch said in remarks to journalists March 12 that were supplemented March 28 in response to Space News inquiries.

"ESA has asked us our thoughts about the market and we have told them what we thought,"he said. "It is certainly along the lines of what has been called Ariane 6, a modular vehicle capable of launching one satellite at a time covering the two weight classes into GTO," or geostationary transfer orbit, the rocket drop-off point for most telecommunications satellites.

The 19-nation ESA is canvassing European commercial and government satellite owners to determine what kind of vehicle to propose to the agency's member governments when they meet in November. One vehicle would provide more power to the current Ariane 5, while another option would develop the modular vehicle.

Like most of the world's established fleet operators, SES is not known for being on the cutting edge of new technology. But with its satellite fleet at about 50 spacecraft and counting, the company is able to experiment with innovations that would be more difficult for startup operators.

SES notably has said in the past year or two that all-electric satellites, which can save hundreds of kilograms over conventional chemical propulsion, are a near-term possibility.

The news that two relatively small fleet operators, Asia Broadcast Satellite of Hong Kong and Satmex of Mexico, had together purchased four all-electric satellites from Boeing Space and Intelligence Systems of El Segundo, Calif., has only encouraged SES to move forward.

"You can save 20 [million], 30 [million] or 40 million euros [$26 million to $52 million] if you can reduce by 10-20 percent the weight of your satellite," Bausch said. "That's not bad. If you have a large fleet, you can afford to wait the three to six months it needs to get to geostationary orbit with electric propulsion."

Bausch said SES is planning to issue bids in the coming weeks for a large satellite over Asia that will carry conventional propulsion. But after that procurement, he said, "we will consider bids for electric-propulsion satellites."

Bausch said SES, which already has a presence in Asia, is not interested in bidding for Malaysian satellite operator Measat should that company be put up for sale, a development that industry officials said is likely. Eutelsat of Paris and Arabsat of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, have both signaled interest in Measat, industry officials said.

SES remains interested in purchasing Greek operator HellasSat if its owner, Greece's OTE telecommunications operator, moves forward on the sale.

"OTE has not yet begun the process," Bausch said. "We provided their ground stations and operated their satellite during the first year after launch and we will certainly be one of the candidates if they come on the market. It's only a one-satellite company, however."

SES and Eutelsat jointly invested in Solaris Mobile of Dublin, which launched a satellite with a large S-band antenna for mobile communications links in Europe that could be part of a terrestrial wireless network using signal boosters in populated areas.

In part because of the defect on the S-band antenna and in part because of the same difficulty in proving the business case that has stalled similar initiatives in Europe and the United States, Solaris has struggled.

Bausch said SES is not ready to invest in a new satellite but is willing to consider joining forces with Inmarsat of London, whose own EuropaSat S-band mobile broadband project has never left the drawing boards because of a lack of co-investors.

"For Solaris there are two possible avenues," Bausch said. "One is broadband, with the required ground components. The second is broadcast. What is sure is that we will not invest in a second satellite until we have customers who also want to invest in the ground component.

"We have two times 15 megahertz of bandwidth. If we were to combine with Inmarsat, the two entities would have a combined two times 30 megahertz. This is a huge amount of bandwidth. I can see a kind of condosat [satellite sharing] arrangement between Solaris and Inmarsat."

ЦитироватьBERLIN — The European Space Agency (ESA) will select two competing proposals by late June to design a next-generation rocket that, if accepted by European governments in November, could succeed the current Ariane 5 heavy-lift vehicle within 15 years, ESA officials said.

The 19-nation agency is taking a new approach to launcher design by asking industry from the start to design a cost-effective rocket that would appeal to owners of satellites, both commercial and governmental, without regard for where the vehicle's contractors are located.

ESA earlier this year canvassed European satellite operators, asking them to describe the kind of vehicle they would be most likely to use. The result: a launcher that would be available without overly long delays and that would be capable of launching satellites weighing 3,000 to 6,500 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit, one at a time.

Perhaps the most surprising element to the ESA solicitation, which was issued in early April and calls for responses by the week of May 21, is that it frees industry from the obligation to follow ESA's geographic-return principle.

ESA Director-General Jean-Jacques Dordain said May 3 that the proposals could be for a rocket made almost entirely in India or China. Such a vehicle, he acknowledged, likely would never be financed by any ESA member state.

But a vehicle made principally in, say, France, Germany and Italy, with major components from the United States — with no concern for having to find contractors in other European nations to secure these nations' support — could be feasible if it results in cost savings.

"Industry has been telling us for years that they cannot reduce the costs of the Ariane 5 rocket because of the constraints of our geographic-return principle," Dordain said here during a meeting of the partners of the international space station. "So now we're telling them: 'Forget those constraints and show us what you can do.'" ESA Launcher Director Antonio Fabrizi, in a May 4 interview, said the agency expects to receive sufficient response to its bid request to select two teams to design the vehicle, each receiving one-year contracts valued at around 2 million euros ($2.6 million).

The teams will be selected in June and will be asked to submit initial proposals by the end of September, in time for ESA delegations to digest the results before a meeting of ESA government ministers in late November.

At that meeting, ESA governments will be asked to fund an upgrade to the current Ariane 5 rocket. They will also be asked to consider whether ESA should start work right now on an Ariane 5 successor vehicle.

France, which has long led most launcher-related work in Europe, has invested more than 200 million euros in proceeds from a special government bond into a next-generation vehicle, which in France is called Ariane 6.

As currently envisioned, Ariane 6 bears a strong resemblance to the rocket that resulted from ESA's consultations with European satellite owners. The initial Ariane 6 work is for a modular vehicle capable of lifting satellites weighing between 3,000 and 8,000 kilograms into geostationary orbit, the destination of most telecommunications satellites.

Built to these specifications, the vehicle would replace both the current Ariane 5 and the medium-lift Russian Soyuz rocket that began operations in 2011 from Europe's Guiana Space Center in South America.

Fabrizi said the survey of satellite owners found that rocket availability was high on the owners' list of priorities. Because of the wait times inherent in a vehicle like Ariane 5 that launches two satellites at a time, the studies are focusing on a rocket that carries only one customer per launch.

A key requirement, Fabrizi said, is that, once built and demonstrated with ESA monies, the rocket will be able to be operated without the support payments that have helped Ariane 5 maintain financial equilibrium for nearly a decade.

"The design specifications clearly say the vehicle should be able to operate with non EGAS-like support payments," Fabrizi said, referring to the European Guaranteed Access to Space program that is currently buttressing the accounts of the Arianespace launch consortium in the amount of more than 100 million euros per year.

Fabrizi agreed that the ESA survey returned results, in most areas, resemble the Ariane 6 designs.

French government and industry officials say the early Ariane 6 work has focused on operating and maintenance costs more than the performance goals that have dominated past launch-vehicle designs.

In pure performance terms, Ariane 6 would represent a step backward from Ariane 5, which is capable of lifting two satellites weighing some 9,000 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit.

The Ariane 5 Midlife Evolution project, featuring a new, re-startable upper stage, would further increase that performance to some 11,000 kilograms.

In Dordain's thinking, the vehicle designs, which Fabrizi said are part of a program called the New European Launch Service, would create the optimal rocket first, without worrying who will pay for it. Once the design has been found, ESA and industry would seek the support of those governments whose industry is included among the proposed contractors.

"This is a bottom-up approach, which is a complete turnaround from our past practice," Fabrizi said. "Of course, if the proposal includes a large amount of Indian or American or other non-European content, ESA would not be paying for that."

ЦитироватьPARIS — A six-month joint French-German government study of future launch vehicle and space station investment options has reinforced the German space agency's preference for an upgraded Ariane 5 rocket instead of a new-generation Ariane 6, and cooperation with the United States on a U.S.-led crew vehicle instead of a European-led alternative, the agency's chief said Aug. 21.

Johann-Dietrich Woerner, chairman of the German Aerospace Center, DLR, insisted in an interview that he was speaking only for himself, and not for the German government.

The government's formal position on both subjects will be crafted in the coming weeks as Germany and the 18 other members of the European Space Agency (ESA) prepare for a late-November conference to set Europe's space policy and budget priorities.

As a prelude to this conference, Woerner said, the French and German ministers responsible for space policy will meet Sept. 22 in Zurich along with their counterparts from Italy, Switzerland and Luxembourg. The goal of this meeting is to iron out remaining differences, particularly between France and Germany — which together account for about 50 percent of ESA's annual member-state contributions — in advance of the November meeting in Caserta, Italy.

In an attempt to head off a confrontation at the conference between Europe's two biggest space powers, the French and German governments in February appointed a committee to investigate the two most controversial items likely to be raised at the meeting.

The French-German committee, including representatives from DLR and the French space agency, CNES, submitted its report to the two government ministries in late July. The report has not been made public.

The first of the two contentious issues assessed in the report is whether to complete development of the Ariane 5 Midlife Evolution (ME) rocket, giving the vehicle a 20 percent boost in payload-carrying power and a reignitable upper stage.

Opposing that idea was a French view that Europe should bypass Ariane 5 ME and begin immediate investment in a next-generation rocket with a modular design. Unlike its more powerful predecessor, built to carry two satellites at a time to geostationary transfer orbit, the new vehicle would be designed to profitably carry single satellites weighing 2,500 to 6,500 kilograms, with a possible increase to 8,000 kilograms.

Backers of the new rocket, tentatively called Ariane 6, say the commercial market is developing in such a way as to make the current Ariane 5 too costly to remain competitive in the coming years. Without a dominant share of the commercial market, these officials say, Europe's Arianespace consortium cannot make ends meet and will be even more dependent than it is today on annual government support payments.

Evry, France-based Arianespace, which operates the Ariane 5, needs about 120 million euros ($150 million) in annual government payments to break even, despite the fact that the rocket has captured about 50 percent of the competitive global market and has posted 50 consecutive launch successes.

Ariane 5 ME backers say debt-laden ESA governments cannot afford to begin full-scale development of the Ariane 6 now, and should finish the work on Ariane 5 ME that started in 2008, when ESA members agreed to spend 357 million euros on the effort, mainly on the Vinci restartable engine.

ESA now assumes it will cost about 1.4 billion euros to complete Ariane 5 ME, including an inaugural flight by 2018.

To sweeten the appeal of Ariane 5 ME, Ariane 5 contractor Astrium Space Transportation in early August wrote ESA to guarantee that, under certain conditions, the upgraded rocket will enable Arianespace to operate with no annual support payments once it is operational in 2018.

The conditions, according to Woerner, include industrial work-share concessions that will give Astrium Space Transportation a de facto monopoly, a scenario he said may be acceptable after further discussion.

"If we are going to accept these conditions, we have to be sure that the guarantee is very, very clear," Woerner said.

Woerner said that while different cost estimates have been assigned to the Ariane 6 option, the price tag is likely to be around 4.5 billion euros over 10 years. During that time, he said, the current version of Ariane 5 will require 120 million euros per year in support payments, which brings the total cost to ESA governments to 5.7 billion euros over 10 years.

Woerner said pursuing Ariane 5 ME and Ariane 6 development simultaneously might be no more expensive than proceeding directly to Ariane 6 because of synergies in the two vehicles' designs that would shave total costs by 15-20 percent or so.

But the Ariane 5 ME option is still the most cost-effective alternative now and leaves ESA governments with sufficient additional financing to back other ESA programs in Earth observation and relating to the space station.

The French-German study also examined whether Europe should join the United States in developing the Orion deep-space crew transport vehicle by investing the 450 million euros Europe owes NASA for space station charges to 2020.

A French alternative, which had found support in Italy, proposed a Europe-led vehicle that would operate in low Earth orbit and perform a variety of missions, including possible removal of orbital debris.

Woerner said the alternative vehicle would cost far more than the 450 million euros ESA has to spend to repay NASA for station use, and that Europe's current financial condition will render that option unfeasible for now.

Whether France will be willing to invest in the Orion vehicle remains unclear. A CNES official said Aug. 22 that the agency will reserve comment about the report until the French government has reviewed it.

Цитировать23 November 2012 Last updated at 12:59 GMT
Jonathan Amos, Science correspondent

Ariane rocket ready to do battle

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/82469.jpg)
Ariane 5ME and 6 Ministers approved a dual track that encompasses Ariane 5ME (left) and Ariane 6 (right)

Europe's Ariane 5 rocket has established itself as the dominant force in the satellite launch market.

The big European vehicle throws up everything fr om three-tonne TV satellites to the 20-tonne ATV space truck used to resupply astronauts on the ISS.

Half of the major telecommunications platforms lofted every year ride the European battlehorse.

But as good as it is, Ariane is under pressure. Competitors are circling and changes are needed if the vehicle is to retain its benchmark status.

We got a glimpse this week of where the rocket is heading after research ministers approved a 600m euros programme of developments at their European Space Agency council meeting in Naples.

Work will continue to give Ariane 5 a major upgrade, to provide it with a more powerful upper-stage engine that will also have a stop-start capability.

These modifications will enable the vehicle to better optimize its payload capacity for heavier, more lucrative satellite customers - and also to offer a broader range of orbits to those clients.

This Mid-Life Evolution (ME), as it is known, is now scheduled to fly in 2017/18.

But ministers have not stopped there. At the same time, they want to see detailed studies to define the next generation rocket - an Ariane 6.

Early thinking is that this will be a smaller rocket than Ariane 5 with a modular design capable of lifting one satellite at a time weighing from three to 6.5 tonnes.

A final pronouncement on whether to proceed with the project is likely in 2014. A maiden flight could occur in 2021/22.

The Esa ministerial council outcome was warmly welcomed by Jean-Yves Le Gall, the man who heads up Arianespace, the commercial operator of Europe's big rocket.

"It was a great success," he told me. "Now we have a shining future. The most important consequence of the ministerial decisions is that our vision is now much further forward than it was before. Before we had just to launch Ariane 5. Now we have a reason which is launching Ariane 6 in 10 years' time, and I can tell you we have a lot of young people here who are very excited."
Ministerial meeting The research ministers of Europe will meet again in 2014 to review progress

There's been a lot of fuss recently about the impact that aggressive competitors will have on Ariane's market share.

You may have seen my interview last week with SpaceX chief executive Elon Musk wh ere he said Ariane 5 had "no chance" in the face of his new Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy rockets. The European vehicle could get nowhere near his prices, the entrepreneur contended.
"Start Quote

 If you really want to exist in this business you must be very humble because it's a difficult business"

Jean-Yves Le Gall Arianespace

Certainly, there've been plenty of people queuing up to echo the voice of doom on Ariane. French politicians, for example, who visited the SpaceX factory in California came away wanting a direct move to Ariane 6. The successor vehicle is expected to incorporate much cheaper components and fabrication methods than the current rocket, or indeed Ariane 5ME.

But Le Gall calls for cooler heads. Ariane 5 is not about to fall away. The rocket has a proven track record of reliability, and in the launch business that is everything.

"Some of our competitors, for instance Proton, are suffering almost one failure every year, which is huge. And I want to remind people that behind us we have 52 successes in a row.

"And there are other competitors, such as SpaceX, who speak a lot but have not yet launched a lot, and I think if you really want to exist in this business you must be very humble because it's a difficult business, and in my opinion you can only really speak when you have an excellent track record."

Le Gall accepts that Ariane 5 is pricey, but says he has fulfilled his commitment to constrain price by reducing the cost of operating the vehicle's spaceport in French Guiana by 20%.

But there is no magic formula that will reduce the industrial cost of producing the existing Ariane 5.
Ariane launch It's now 52 successful flights in a row

Unlike the SpaceX Falcons which are made in one place (more than 70% of a vehicle by value is made in the single factory), Arianes by definition are made across Europe. A dozen countries are involved in the Ariane 5ME project. This community approach must change long-term, and it is likely that the Ariane 6, when it arrives, will have an industrial base pretty much confined to France and Germany.

That may well offend some Esa member states but it's a fact of life that research ministers will have to grapple with when they gather again in 2014 to pronounce on the next phase of Ariane 6 development.

They should also have a clearer idea then of what this rocket should look like. It seems obvious, but Esa director general Jean-Jacques Dordain has been asking satellite operators precisely what they want.

"I've asked them, 'what is the launcher that you dream of?'; and they've given me their dreams," he told reporters in Naples.

"What I wish to do now is tell the launcher industry in Europe, 'OK, can you now fulfil the dreams of the customers?'.

"The customers want, obviously, the most reliable vehicle in the world - and at least on that, Ariane 5 is much more reliable than a lot of other vehicles. They want a launcher that is available, and that will launch between 3-3.5 tonnes and 6-6.5t. And, number four, they want a rocket that is cheaper than Proton and Falcon 9. This is the cahier des charges (specification base)."

ЦитироватьPARIS — The French space agency, CNES, team designing the future Ariane 6 rocket has set what it calls a "triple-seven" goal for the vehicle expected to replace the current heavy-lift Ariane 5 early in the next decade: seven years of development, seven metric tons of satellite payload to geostationary transfer orbit, and a price of 70 million euros ($91 million) for satellite launch customers.
The seven-year development goal starts in mid-2014, when European Space Agency (ESA) governments are expected to vote on full-scale production work. By that measure, Ariane 6 would be ready for its first demonstration flight in 2021.
The rocket would be able to carry a telecommunications satellite weighing up to 7,000 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit, the destination of most commercial telecommunications satellites.
The target price tag of 70 million euros per launch for commercial customers was set to keep Ariane 6 competitive with what its backers assume will be increased competition from Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) of the United States, and from Chinese and Indian rockets in addition to Ariane's historic competitor, the Russian Proton vehicle and its successors.

CNES Launcher Director Michel Eymard, in a presentation here Dec. 19 to French Research Minister Genevieve Fioraso, said CNES and industry have begun what is likely to be a two-year period of negotiations on how much it will cost to design Ariane 6 to the inaugural flight.
"Industry is saying 5 billion euros now, but we hope to get this down to 4 billion euros," Eymard said. "For awhile, industry did not want to engage us on Ariane 6. That has recently changed, and we are now working together."
Eymard's presentation was delivered hours before the final Ariane 5 launch of 2012, a year in which the Arianespace commercial launch consortium flew the Ariane 5 seven times.
The rocket has now gone a decade — 53 launches — without a failure. Its dominance of the commercial market is occasionally masked by the fact that it typically carries two communications satellites into orbit at the same time. Its competitors usually carry one satellite per launch. On the surface, at least, Ariane 5's current market status does not call for a vehicle overhaul.
But after months of hard selling that saw them pitted against much of France's industry, CNES officials earlier this year persuaded Fioraso that Ariane 6 — less expensive and less powerful than Ariane 5, and carrying just one satellite at a time to orbit — is the way of the future.
The design of the rocket — two solid-fueled lower stages and a cryogenic upper stage, plus solid-fueled strap-on boosters — was frozen Nov. 21 during a meeting of ESA government ministers.ESA Launcher Director Antonio Fabrizi said this design, and no other, is what ministers approved.
An initial budget was set that looks to create synergies between the completion of work on the Ariane 5 Midlife Evolution (ME) rocket — basically the current Ariane 5 ECA with a new, restartable cryogenic upper stage — and the Ariane 6.

The German government, whose industry is heavily involved with Ariane 5 ME, had aligned itself with much of Europe's rocket industry to resist CNES efforts to scrap Ariane 5 ME in favor of a direct push toward Ariane 6.
Germany appears to have won that piece of the argument. Ariane 5 ME received sufficient funding commitments at theNovember ministerial conference (http://www.spacenews.com/article/european-space-agency-ministerial-backs-ariane-5-me-punts-on-ariane-6) to move toward a first flight in 2017 or 2018. The vehicle will be able to lift satellites with a combined weight of 11,500-12,000 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit.
CNES and ESA officials hope Ariane 5 ME's greater payload capacity may sufficiently improve the economics of building and operating Ariane 5 to reduce the annual support payments that ESA governments pay to Europe's launch vehicle operator, Arianespace of Evry, France.
Ariane 6 has been conceived from the start as a "next-generation" rocket that in many ways looks like a throwback — more of a less-expensive Lockheed Martin Atlas 5, or a Proton launched from the equator. Ariane 5 can do more things for more customers.
But if it meets its design goal, Ariane 6 will reach a financial equilibrium that has eluded Ariane 5. CNES officials say economic criteria account for 43 percent of the design decisions made for the rocket, with technical criteria accounting for just 30 percent.
The remaining 27 percent of the design choices are being made on the basis of Europe's existing industrial capacity.
French industry is responsible for around 50 percent of the construction of Ariane 5. Eymard said the agency assumes France will carry about the same load for Ariane 6.

Beyond the French contribution, all bets are off. CNES has penciled in Germany at 25 percent, and Italy at 10-15 percent. The Italian share should be relatively easy to secure because Italy already is heavily involved in production, with Snecma of France, of the solid-fueled strap-on boosters used on the Ariane 5 rocket. Italy is also the lead investor in the new Vega small-satellite launcher, which made its inaugural flight in early 2012.
Because of the all-but-guaranteed work share of Italian industry in the Ariane 6 solid-fueled stages, the Italian government is not likely to resist taking its 10-15 percent stake despite its public-debt crisis.
Ensuring German industry sufficient work will not be as straightforward, European government and industry officials said.
The difficulty is highlighted by the German government's contributions to the Ariane 5 and Ariane 6 programs during the November ministerial conference.
The work was divided into three segments: One is dedicated to Ariane 5 ME, another to Ariane 6 and a third is devoted to finding synergies between the Ariane 5 ME and Ariane 6 upper stages — both using the Snecma-built Vinci engine, now completing development.
ESA governments agreed to spend 208.4 million euros through 2014 on work dedicated to Ariane 5 ME. France is paying 42 percent of this sum, with Germany at 37 percent.
Work specifically dedicated to Ariane 6 received 188.9 million euros for the same two-year period. Here France is paying 61 percent of the total, with Germany at 5 percent and Italy, 10 percent.
The biggest chunk of work, 274.3 million euros, is dedicated to building as much overlap as possible into the Ariane 5 ME and Ariane 6 upper stages. Germany agreed to finance 39 percent of this work, with France at 35 percent.

ЦитироватьSpaceR пишет:
Я бы скорее поверил в третью семёрку в позиции "миллиардов евро на разработку". Они инфляцию, видимо, не учитывали?

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Левый вариант только у меня вызывает ассоциации с продукцией сексшопа?

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Левый вариант только у меня вызывает ассоциации с продукцией сексшопа?

ЦитироватьSFN пишет:
Двустволка с короткими стволами

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Левый вариант только у меня вызывает ассоциации с продукцией сексшопа?

Да, уж  :(  Редкостная порнуха. Надеюсь, что это всего лишь 1-апрельская шутка (неудачая).

ЦитироватьWith Ariane 6 Launch Site Sel ected, CNES Aims To Freeze Design of the New Rocket in July
 
 By Peter B. de Selding (http://www.spacenews.com/users/peter-b-de-selding) | May. 24, 2013

(http://www.spacenews.com/sites/spacenews.com/files/styles/large/public/images/articles/Ariane6_ESA4X3.jpg)
 The rocket and the launch installation are being designed to operate Ariane 6 at least eight times per year. Credit: ESA artist's concept

Спойлер

PARIS — The French space agency, CNES, expects to freeze the final design of the new-generation Ariane 6 launcher by July, a milestone that will trigger work on a new launch pad in French Guiana whose location has already been decided, according to CNES officials.
The rocket and the launch installation are being designed to operate Ariane 6 at least eight times per year, with a mission goal of 12 flights annually to keep production and operations costs within the targeted 70 million euros ($91 million) per launch.
At somewhere between eight and 12 flights per year, including three or four European government missions, Ariane 6 would no longer need the annual price supports that the current heavy-lift Ariane 5 still requires despite a decade-long run without a failure.
The 20-nation European Space Agency (ESA) pays about 100 million euros per year to the Arianespace commercial launch consortium to permit the Evry, France-based company to avoid financial losses.
The 70 million euro target for Ariane 6 is viewed as an all-in cost that would include about 14 million euros per launch in ground operations and also would include the sales and marketing charges incurred by Arianespace.
Taking advantage of work done years ago on what was then a quarry, CNES officials have selected a site to the north of the Ariane 5's launch site for Ariane 6, an area called Roche Nicole. Quarry construction left a large pit, now filled with water, that will be used for the Ariane 6 flame trench.
CNES officials say that because of the quarry work, done to support launches of the now-retired Ariane 4 rocket, the flame trench is now the equivalent of 70 percent complete even though no work has begun on it.
CNES managers at the Guiana Space Center spaceport, on the northeast coast of South America, recall the difficulties they had in completing the flame pit for Russia's Soyuz rocket, which is operated fr om the European spaceport under an agreement with the Russian government that expires at the end of 2016.
ESA governments, after a long debate between France and Germany, in November agreed to fund initial design work on Ariane 6 while at the same time continuing development of an upgraded Ariane 5 rocket, called Ariane 5 ME, that could fly in 2017.
These governments are scheduled to meet again in late 2014 to decide on full-scale development of Ariane 6 and the final phase of Ariane 5 ME. It is unclear whether ESA governments will be able to afford to do both.
Ariane 6 would fly in 2020 assuming a development go-ahead in 2014. CNES's Ariane 6 team is operating under the "triple-seven" mantra, meaning seven years' development, 7 metric tons of satellite payload to geostationary transfer orbit and 70 million euros in launch costs.
CNES estimates that Ariane 6 would cost 4 billion euros to develop, including ESA's customary program management fees and a 20 percent margin that ESA embeds in most of its programs.
In the spring 2013 edition of CNES's quarterly in-house magazine, CNES Launcher Director Michel Eymard says the remaining design choices for Ariane 6 should be completed by late April. That deadline has now shifted to early July as CNES, ESA and industry discuss the number and size of solid-fueled boosters that would form the first two stages of Ariane 6.
The basic Ariane 6 design — two or more solid-fueled motors on the first stage, a second stage comprised of the same motor and a cryogenic upper stage based on the Safran/Snecma-built Vinci restartable engine — has been decided by ESA governments.
In addition to doing away with many of the electronics units, cables and connectors now used on the Ariane 5 rocket in favor of circuit boards, Ariane 6's ground installations must be entirely rethought in the design-to-cost approach, according to CNES.
Ariane 5 uses thousands of cubic meters of helium each year. Ariane 6 will use nitrogen or gaseous hydrogen, both less expensive. The Ariane 5 launcher-integration and final assembly buildings will be scrapped as part of the effort to drive out unnecessary costs.
The Ariane 6 upper stage and the satellite payloads would be mated to the lower stages on the launch pad. To maintain the 12-per-year cadence, two launch-preparation zones will be built.
Eymard said the launcher preparation will adopt a "plug and play" approach. "We erect it, test it and launch it," he said in the CNES magazine presentation, adding that a last-minute rocket or satellite issue should permit Ariane 6 teams to replace the vehicle or the payload and be ready to launch within 15 days.
With their teeth in a major new engineering project, the enthusiasm for Eymard and his team is palpable. Less so is the one major question hanging over the Ariane 6 project: How will a major role for German industry be found to secure German government support for Ariane 6?

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьEurope Urged To Halt Work on 'Dead End' Ariane 6 Design
By Peter B. de Selding | May. 30, 2013

PARIS — Europe's Air & Space Academy says the French and European space agencies are moving in the wrong direction on the future Ariane 6 rocket and should delay development in favor of a redesign that provides more growth potential.

The academy is urging the agencies to stop work on the Ariane 6 they approved in November with a view to beginning full development in 2014. The academy-favored rocket would use liquid propulsion instead of solid, and would face four more years of preparatory work before moving to full development in 2018.

In the meantime, the academy says, Europe should focus on an upgraded heavy-lift Ariane 5 that would fly for a decade before both it and the Europeanized version of Russia's medium-lift Soyuz rocket are replaced by the all-liquid Ariane 6 in 2027. This rocket, called Ariane 5 ME, has been in design for several years. Continued work on it was approved, alongside Ariane 6, at the November meeting of European Space Agency (ESA) governments.

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Further modifications of the Ariane 5 ME could be made to assure it is capable of maintaining Europe's place in the global market to launch commercial telecommunications satellites. The academy suggests that the Ariane 5 ME's promise of de-orbiting its upper stage to remove orbital debris could be suspended, when necessary, to give the vehicle the requisite payload-lift capability.

In a May 8 letter sent to ESA Director-General Jean-Jacques Dordain, the academy's launch vehicle working group — comprised of former ESA directors and European space industry officials — urges ESA to "urgently reopen the configuration studies" for Ariane 6.

The academy specifically alleges that the current Ariane 6 version of two solid-fueled stages topped by a cryogenic upper stage is a dead-end design that does not permit the flexibility needed in a rocket that will serve as Europe's main launcher for several decades. "It is the wrong choice," the letter says.

Beyond the engineering debate of solid- versus liquid-fueled rockets — a debate as old as the space age — the academy's letter and annex of supporting arguments says the current Ariane 6 design cannot win sufficient political support in Europe to assure its long-term success.

"The upheaval of the European launcher industry which would ensue with the development of [the solid-fueled Ariane 6 now being designed] would not be industrially recoverable," the letter says. "Further, it would be extremely difficult to maintain the European character of such a program and to rally around it broad support from [ESA] member states."

The academy reasons that the design-to-cost obsession of Ariane 6 promoters will force the program into a corner in which too few European governments will be motivated to support its expected development cost of around 4 billion euros ($5.2 billion).

The backers of the current Ariane 6 design agree that one of the program's principal challenges, in addition to meeting the goal of a vehicle that can be assembled and launched for 70 million euros, is finding sufficient room for German industry to entice German government financial support.

The friction between France and Germany on the way forward in launch vehicles was papered over at ESA's November meeting by an agreement to continue work on both Ariane 5 ME and Ariane 6, with a separate budget line devoted to finding synergies between the two vehicles' upper stages.

Whether both vehicles' full development can be financed at next year's ESA conference is unclear. German government officials have said: We support Ariane 5 ME and we will reserve judgment on Ariane 6. French officials say: We are all-in for Ariane 6, and unsure about Ariane 5 ME.

In an annex to its letter to ESA, the academy says a liquid-fueled Ariane 6 would not cost much more than the current solid-fueled Ariane 6 design but would provide more room for growth as the vehicle navigates the launch-services market's evolution over the next few decades.

The annex notes that launchers in the United States, Russia and China all feature liquid-fueled designs, and that even the solid-fueled Ariane 6 will have trouble meeting the 70-million-euro cost target.

The academy estimates that today's Ariane 5 ECA rocket costs 145 million euros per launch. The solid-fueled Ariane 6 will likely cost 98 million per launch, at least at the outset. It will be difficult to cut costs to arrive at the announced target.

The liquid-fueled Ariane 6 would also cost 98 million euros per launch, meaning costs should not be a factor in the competing designs.

"Is it possible to get a 25-30 percent reduction in launch cost? The 70-million-euro objective is, in any case, difficult to attain ... since one cannot expect meaningful technological jumps in the solid boosters' domain."

But while it costs little more than the solid-fueled version, the liquid-fueled Ariane 6 could be upgraded with two liquid-fueled strap-on boosters to provide substantially more heft. The academy calls this rocket the Ariane 6 Heavy and it resembles the Delta 4 Heavy.

"The commitment made will cover a very long time, many decades," the academy says in urging ESA to step back from the current Ariane 6 design. "Any error made will be very costly, for a very long time."

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ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Перспектива союзовского старта в Куру?

ЦитироватьSFN пишет:
Повторят на новом месте?

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:
 И пока не ясно, как пойдут дела, ведь "Союз" с Куру в два раза дешевле "Ариан-6".

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
А в сколько раз Союз менее грузоподъъемен на ГПО, чем Ариан-6?

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

Цитировать

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:
И пока не ясно, как пойдут дела, ведь "Союз" с Куру в два раза дешевле "Ариан-6".

А в сколько раз Союз менее грузоподъъемен на ГПО, чем Ариан-6?

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
А в сколько раз Союз менее грузоподъъемен на ГПО, чем Ариан-6?

"Ариан-6" предполагается модульным, и он захватит ПН "Союза". В первую очередь "Ариан-6" предназначена для одиночных пусков на ГПО. "Ариан-5" слишком дорогая и неудобная, ведь надо ждать пару. К тому же сидит на дотации.

ИМХО, менее чем в два раза. И я надеюсь, что спутники из его диапазона останутся за "Союзом".

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Если все цифры верны, то удельная стоимость выведения на ГПО у Ариан-6 существенно ниже, чем у Союза.

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:
Ну вот, распиливание по европейски. На Куру есть старый старт для "Ариан-4", там все есть, лотки, стол. Поставить новую башню и все, СК "Ариан-6" готов. "Вега" была поставлена на древний старт от "Европы-2".

ЦитироватьGlaurung пишет:
Воистину распил! До самой ж....

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:
Интересно она устроена. Первая ступень состоит из трех ТТУ, которые не разделяются.

ЦитироватьIgnoring Call for Strategic Pause, ESA Intends To Stay the Course on Ariane 6
By Peter B. de Selding | Jun. 7, 2013

(http://www.spacenews.com/sites/spacenews.com/files/styles/large/public/images/articles/AntonioFabrizi_ESA4X3.jpg)
ESA Launch Vehicle Director Antonio Fabrizi said the current Ariane 6 design, using two solid-fueled stages topped by a cryogenic upper stage, received the specific endorsement of ESA's governments last November and cannot simply be set aside. Credit: ESA photo
 

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PARIS — The European Space Agency (ESA) has no intention of changing course for its future Ariane 6 rocket despite pointed criticism of the sel ected design by former ESA and European industry launch-vehicle experts, ESA Launch Vehicle Director Antonio Fabrizi said June 7.
Fabrizi said the current design, using two solid-fueled stages topped by a cryogenic upper stage, received the specific endorsement of ESA's governments last November and cannot simply be set aside. He said the vehicle's final design — both a single-block first stage and a multiblock cluster are being discussed — will be settled by early July.
Once ESA and the French space agency, CNES, freeze the Ariane 6 specifications, they will issue requests for information to European industry and then more-formal requests for bids on the Ariane 6 components.
These bids will be evaluated by the end of the year. ESA then will start the delicate procedure of asking governments where the winning bidders are located to invest in the Ariane 6 in proportion to the participation of their domestic industry. A final decision on the vehicle's development would then be made at a late-2014 conference of ESA government ministers.
Europe's Air & Space Academy in May wrote to ESA Director-General Jean-Jacques Dordain urging ESA to refrain from committing to the solid-fueled Ariane 6. The academy urged ESA to take four years to craft a more-powerful liquid-fueled alternative, and in the meantime to fund the 1.5 billion euros ($2 billion) needed to complete work on an upgrade of the current Ariane 5.
The upgrade, called Ariane 5 ME, would increase the current Ariane 5's payload-carrying power with a new, reignitable upper stage.
In an interview, Fabrizi specifically rejected the academy's conclusion that a solid-fueled Ariane 6 is a dead-end technology incapable of adapting to future market conditions.
"I remember working on the Ariane 5 rocket's solid-fueled boosters in 1985 when they were 170,000 kilograms of propellant," Fabrizi said. "Then they grew to 210,000, then 230,000 and now they are 245,000 kilograms. Solid-fuel technology can evolve with the market."
Backers of the Ariane 6 solid-fueled version say the Ariane program has never had issues with its solid-propellant stages. In addition, the synergies between the solid-fueled Vega small-satellite launcher, which ESA has flown twice, and the future Ariane 6 solid-fueled design will result in economies for both vehicles.
"We have done these trade offs over the past year or so and we went to our ministers [last November] with a specific design that they approved," Fabrizi said. "We are now refining the specifics of it, but we cannot go against a design that has the endorsement of our ministers. We are moving according to plan and we are no more than a couple of weeks behind the schedule we set last November."
The Air & Space Academy's critique of the Ariane 6 as conceived by ESA and CNES included a second element: the role of Germany in Ariane 6. According to the academy, Ariane 6 will result in an upheaval of Europe's rocket-industry landscape and create fractures among ESA governments that will not be easily healed.
The academy said that, to maintain its goal of building and operating the vehicle for 70 million euros per launch, the Ariane 6 design will have to rely on only a few ESA member governments, meaning the future Ariane program will lose its broad support in Europe.
Fabrizi said Germany's likely leadership of the Ariane 6 cryogenic upper stage, plus work on the lower stages borrowing on what OHB AG's MT Aerospace does for today's Ariane 5, will enable the Ariane 6 program to promise 20-25 percent of its industrial share to Germany and ensure German backing.
Up to now, the German government and German industry have been skeptical about Ariane 6 and have focused their support on Ariane 5 ME.
Fabrizi said that 500 million to 600 million euros spent developing the Ariane 5 ME's upper stage will be directly applicable to Ariane 6 because both will use the same Vinci restartable engine and share other components even if they do not use the same fuel tanks.
As to whether ESA governments in late 2014 will have a strong enough appetite for launch vehicle development to fund both Ariane 5 ME, scheduled to fly in 2017-2018, and a 10-year, 4 billion euro Ariane 6 development program, Fabrizi said it is too soon to tell.
"For both Ariane 5 ME and Ariane 6 we still need to receive final proposals," Fabrizi said. "We will see what results from a real competition among bidders."
More immediately, he said, ESA will ask its launcher program board the week of June 17 to consider improvements to the current Ariane 5 design to permit the vehicle to maintain its ability to find pairs of telecommunications satellites to launch at the same time.
Finding a smaller commercial telecommunications satellite to fit in the Sylda compartment of Ariane 5 ECA is becoming more difficult for the Arianespace commercial launch consortium.
Fabrizi said several options, both inside the Sylda and outside it under the Ariane 5 fairing, are being considered. One is a longer fairing, which Fabrizi said is an alternative that would take a couple of years to develop and qualify. Another is an enlarged Sylda structure to house the smaller of the two satellites Ariane 5 ECA carries into orbit with each flight.
Depending on the choice made, the governments whose industry stands to benefit fr om the work will be asked to finance it.

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ЦитироватьNewly Unveiled Ariane 6 Rocket Design Yields a Few Surprises

 By Peter B. de Selding | Jul. 9, 2013

(http://www.spacenews.com/sites/spacenews.com/files/styles/large/public/images/articles/ariane6.JPG)
The next-generation Ariane 6 launch vehicle's final design approved by the French and European space agencies employs four nearly identical boosters each carrying 135,000 kilograms of solid propellant. Credit: CNES
 
 PARIS — The French and European space agencies on July 9 disclosed the design of a future Ariane 6 rocket that sacrifices performance on behalf of cost to replace today's heavy-lift Ariane 5 and medium-lift Russian Soyuz vehicle at Europe's spaceport starting in the early 2020s.

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The vehicle — which as expected leans heavily on solid propulsion, with cryogenics used only on the upper stage — is designed to lift a payload weighing no more than 6,500 kilograms into geostationary transfer orbit, the destination of most telecommunications satellites.
Earlier Ariane 6 designs referred to maximum payload values of 8,000 kilograms to that orbit. More recently, Ariane 6 backers had talked of a 7,000-kilogram maximum, coining the phrase "triple seven" to advertise the vehicle's basic characteristics: seven years' of development, seven metric tons to geostationary transfer orbit and 70 million euros ($93 million) per launch.
Alain Charmeau, chief executive of Astrium Space Transportation, said the 70-million-euro per-launch cost target remains valid, and assumes an Ariane 6 launch cadence of nine to 15 liftoffs per year.
Officials from the 20-nation European Space Agency (ESA) were not immediately available to discuss the trade offs that ultimately resulted in a vehicle with a more-modest performance than the one originally presented to European governments in 2012.
These same governments will meet in late 2014 to decide whether to proceed with full development of Ariane 6, an investment that French space agency, CNES, program managers say is likely to be between 2.5 billion and 3.5 billion euros over the seven-year period starting in 2015.
But French government officials also say they do not expect France to have much more than a 50 percent share of Ariane 6, about the same as the French stake in Ariane 5, meaning Germany, Italy and other European governments will be called on to fund the remaining 50 percent.
The Ariane 6 design sel ected is not modular; it comes in one configuration only: Three solid-fueled motors, each carrying 135,000 kilograms of fuel, are aligned in a row to compose the first stage.
The second stage uses a nearly identical solid-fueled booster, with the same 135,000-kilogram fuel tank.
The third, cryogenic stage uses the same Vinci engine that has been in development by Safran of France for years and is intended to power the upper stage of the Ariane 5 Midlife Evolution rocket that ESA has tentatively agreed to enter into service around 2018.
This Ariane 5 ME rocket will add nearly 20 percent to the payload-carrying power of the current Ariane 5 ECA vehicle, bringing to nearly 11,000 kilograms the combined weight of two satellites that can be launched simultaneously by Ariane 5 ME, compared to around 9,000 kilograms today.
In a July 9 statement on the Ariane 6, ESA said the three principal criteria for the rocket were development cost, time to market and operating costs.
The sel ected design remains the subject of dispute in some government and industry quarters in Europe insofar as it is tilted in favor of solid fuel as opposed to cryogenic fuel.
ESA asked two industrial consortia to analyze rocket designs to compare costs and other criteria as part of a program called New European Launch Service. Both teams concluded that, over time, the cost of vehicle using two cryogenic-fueled stages was not much different from a vehicle using one cryogenic stage and two solid-propellant stages.
Briefing reporters here July 9, Charmeau agreed that the cost difference between solid and cryogenic technologies was minimal. The choice, he said, was based on other factors.
One of those factors, according to ESA, was the potential synergies with ESA's Italian-led Vega small-satellite launch vehicle. To the extent that Ariane 6 can borrow fr om Vega, scale economies might be found to keep Ariane 6 costs within the target, Ariane 6 designers said.
ESA said synergies with Vega development were one of the deciding factors.
The agency said having Ariane 6 use an upper stage similar to what is being built for Ariane 5 Midlife Evolution would save some 600 million euros over the cost of designing a new upper stage. Likewise, the Ariane 6 will employ a 5.4-meter-diameter fairing that is not much different fr om today's Ariane 5 fairing.

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Цитировать

Цитироватьche wi пишет:
 Выбрана конфигурация перспективной европейской ракеты-носителя "Ариан-6"

ЦитироватьПАРИЖ, 9 июля. (АРМС-ТАСС). Ракета-носитель нового поколения "Ариан-6", над созданием которой сейчас работают европейские специалисты, будет иметь трехступенчатую схему. Утвержденную конфигурацию будущей ракеты представил сегодня глава Национального центра космических исследований (КНЕС) Франции Жан-Ив Ле Галь.
Как подчеркнул глава французского космического агентства, которое является основным разработчиком ракет "Ариан", носитель нового поколения создается с учетом требований по снижению стоимости запусков. "Одним из главных условий была оптимизация расходов. Данная конфигурация сохранила оригинальный замысел "Ариан-6", - отметил Ле Галь. - Она стала плодом широкого консенсуса между всеми участниками программы".
По словам главы КНЕС, первых запусков "Ариан-6" можно ожидать к 2019-2021 годам. При этом обходиться они будут на 30 процентов дешевле, чем старты носителей нынешнего поколения. Если стоимость запуска ракеты-носителя (РН) "Ариан-5" составляет 100 млн. евро, то для "Ариан-6" стоимость запуска составит 70 млн. евро. Ракета сможет выводить на геопереходную орбиту космические аппараты массой от 3 до 6,5 тонн, что удовлетворит как государственных, так и коммерческих заказчиков.

Согласно представленному макету, ракета-носитель будет иметь трехступенчатую схему.
 Первая ступень будет выполнена по пакетной схеме и состоять из трех стартовых твердотопливных ускорителей P135, каждый из которых будет иметь один ракетный двигатель на твердом топливе (РДТТ). Масса каждого из ускорителей будет 135 тонн.
 Вторая ступень также будет твердотопливной и иметь один РДТТ Р135.
 Третья ступень будет жидкостной и в ее составе будет один кислородно-водородный криогенный ЖРД "Винчи". Над третьей ступенью будет размещаться отсек полезной нагрузки с обтекателем диаметром 5,4 м, как у ракеты-носителя "Ариан-5".
Разработку ЖРД координирует французская компания "Снекма" (группа «Сафран»). Как ожидается, впервые данный тип двигателя будет опробован на ракете "Ариан-5 МЕ" – новой модификации носителя современного поколения, появление которого состоится не ранее 2017 года.
Высота "Ариан-6" составит 50,6 м, стартовая масса – 660 т. При старте ракеты суммарная тяга трех твердотопливных ракетных блоков составит 760 тс.
Новая ракета может запускаться до 10-15 раз ежегодно, для чего потребуется обеспечить ежегодный выпуск 40-60 РДТТ.

Работы над семейством ракет "Ариан" были инициированы Францией в 1970-х годах. Нынешнее пятое поколение этих ракет-носителей относится к тяжелому классу и позволяет выводить на низкую опорную и геопереходную орбиты полезную нагрузку массой до 10,5 тонн. С 1996 года с космодрома в Куру произведено 69 запусков, из которых 65 – успешных.
Несмотря на коммерческий успех программы, Европейское космическое агентство (ЕКА) озабочено высокой дороговизной производства "Ариан-5", из-за которой ракета вскоре может утратить конкурентные преимущества. На министерской встрече ЕКА в ноябре 2012 года было принято решение о выделении 157 млн. евро на проработку проекта новой ракеты, которая бы в Куру заменила сразу "Ариан-5" и российские "Союзы". Окончательное решение о переходе к новому поколению "Ариан" должно быть принято в 2014 году.

http://www.armstass.su/?page=article&aid=119944&cid=25 (http://www.armstass.su/?page=article&aid=119944&cid=25)

 http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Launchers/The_baseline_configuration_of_Ariane_6_selected_by_consensus_on_the_basis_of_decisions_taken_by_ESA_s_Ministerial_Council_of_November_2012

 (http://imageshack.us/a/img811/6485/f86h.jpg)
 

Цитироватьfagot пишет:
Что-то тяговооруженность для РДТТ маловата, да и семейства не прослеживается.

Цитироватьfagot пишет:
Что-то тяговооруженность для РДТТ маловата, да и семейства не прослеживается.

ЦитироватьSFN пишет:
3. говорят морозы требуют особых недешевых составов. Еще нагрузка на ЖД ось.
Както так

Цитироватьоктоген пишет:
Ну дык, я когда прочитал про сие чудище на РДТТ

ЦитироватьG.K. пишет:

Цитироватьоктоген пишет:
Ну дык, я когда прочитал про сие чудище на РДТТ

Именно чудище. На _второй_ ступени использовать РДТТ! Невозможно, но факт

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Между тем в мире полно твердотопливных ракет, и достаточно успешных:

ЦитироватьG.K. пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Между тем в мире полно твердотопливных ракет, и достаточно успешных:

Они все не для ГПО. Я вполне допускаю, что на ССО или НОО они вполне годны. Но на высокие орбиты?

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Но с тем, что ракета некрасивая, я согласен.

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
Вообще французы явно колоссальную ошибку совершают. Перспектив роста просто практически никаких.

Цитироватьоктоген пишет:
Ну дык, я когда прочитал про сие чудище на РДТТ чуть не зааплодировал... Русским такой конкурент не страшен по определению.

ЦитироватьSFN пишет:
У них прогнозы "Европейские ракеты сталкнутся с эволюцией спутников, которые, как ожидается, становятся менее тяжелыми, в основном из-за прогресса электрических двигателей." (почти гугльперевод)

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет:
Кроме того "ракета из одинаковых кубиков" это же "путь Анагары".

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет:
проблем с подбором пар для Ариан-5 быть не должно

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
Вообще французы явно колоссальную ошибку совершают. Перспектив роста просто практически никаких. Чисто бюрократическое решение: вынь да положь 70 миллионов за пуск. Из-за этого и ПН урезали. А что получится кака, это пусть Ариан-7 решает.

ЦитироватьSFN пишет:
1. правильное распределение двигателей: внизу тяга РДТТ, вверху импульс.водорода. Для америки-европы это эффективность, для СССР-России роскошь.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Не будем забывать, что Ариан-6 делается, в первую очередь, под правительственные задачи, коммерция для нее - вторична.

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Не будем забывать, что Ариан-6 делается, в первую очередь, под правительственные задачи, коммерция для нее - вторична.

Ой ли! Под правительственные хватило бы и пятёрки.

ЦитироватьTAU пишет:
Иными словами, Спэйс Шаттл рулит? А почему он тогда так бесславно кончил?

ЦитироватьTAU пишет:
Почему роскошь?

ЦитироватьSFN пишет:
Роскошь потому что выйдет дороже керосина.

ЦитироватьTAU пишет:

ЦитироватьSFN пишет:
Роскошь потому что выйдет дороже керосина.

А у США керосиновые ступени дороже твердотопливных?

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
ТТУ абсолютно не экологичные, при старте уходят в атмосферу... закись азота 

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
Анализы говорят

ЦитироватьG.K. пишет:

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
ТТУ абсолютно не экологичные, при старте уходят в атмосферу... закись азота

Это как?

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
Анализы говорят

Что вы очень любите метан..

Цитировать— У метанового топлива есть ряд преимуществ, одно из которых — неограниченная сырьевая база, — рассказал главный конструктор НПО «Энергомаш» Владимир Чванов. — Запасов керосина того качества, которое необходимо для наших ракет, уже нет. Ракета «Союз» сейчас летает на искусственно созданном топливе, потому что изначально для создания керосина для этих ракет использовались только определенные сорта нефти из конкретных скважин. В основном это нефть Анастасиевско-Троицкого месторождения в Краснодарском крае. Но нефтяные скважины истощаются. И ныне используемый керосин является смешением композиций, которые добываются из нескольких скважин. Проблема дефицита здесь будет только усугубляться.

ЦитироватьDLR's Woerner Remains Unconvinced Just-unveiled Ariane 6 Design Is Right Way To Go

By Peter B. de Selding | Jul. 12, 2013  
(http://www.spacenews.com/sites/spacenews.com/files/styles/large/public/images/articles/JohannDietrichWoerner_DLR4X3.jpg)
"Ariane 5 still has a large potential for improvement, and the question is where the best place is to invest in Europe's launchers," Johann-Dietrich Woerner, chairman of the DLR, said. Credit: DLR photo
 
 PARIS — The head of the German space agency on July 12 said Germany remains unconvinced that the Ariane 6 design decided by the European Space Agency (ESA) and enthusiastically endorsed by France is the right way forward for Europe's launcher sector.
Johann-Dietrich Woerner, chairman of the German Aerospace Center, DLR, said the German government remains in favor of continued development of the current Ariane 5 heavy-lift rocket, with possible evolutions including environmentally acceptable new fuels in place of the vehicle's current solid-rocket boosters.
Speaking three days after French Research Minister Genevieve Fioraso applauded the solid-fuel design of the next-generation Ariane 6 (http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/36167newly-unveiled-ariane-6-rocket-design-yields-a-few-surprises) and the consensus among European governments backing it, Woerner suggested that whatever consensus there may be on Ariane 6 is wafer-thin.
"I am quite certain that after Ariane 5 there will be an Ariane 6," Woerner said. "But Ariane 5 still has a large potential for improvement, and the question is where the best place is to invest in Europe's launchers."
German-French differences about the urgency of developing Ariane 6 — France wants to move quickly, Germany does not — were papered over at last November's ESA ministerial conference in Naples, Italy, with a compromise that called for preliminary design work on Ariane 6 and continued development of the Ariane 5 upgrade called Midlife Evolution, or ME.
After seven months of work, the 20-nation ESA on July 8 presented what the agency said is the Ariane 6 design that is most likely to be operational by 2021, to cost no more than 70 million euros ($92 million) per launch, and to replace both today's Ariane 5 and the medium-lift Russian Soyuz rocket that Europe operates fr om its spaceport in French Guiana.
Antonio Fabrizi, ESA's launcher director, said in a July 9 interview that the agency concluded that a liquid-fueled Ariane 6 would be more costly to produce per launch than the mainly solid-fueled version the agency decided to pursue.
Two industrial consortia looking at future launcher options concluded that liquid- and solid-fueled Ariane 6 versions would cost about the same if one assumed a launch rate of at least nine or 10 campaigns per year. Any lower launch cadence, he said, would argue for solid propellant.
Woerner did not disagree with that, but said solid propellant carries other disadvantages, including the fact that a solid-fueled second stage adds vibration risks to sensitive satellite payloads and also pollutes the upper atmosphere.
"The solution sel ected seems to be the most workable in terms of costs, but fr om an environmental point of view we are really taking a step backward," Woerner said. "But my main point is: What is this launcher for? Is it to make life easy for commercial satellite operators, or is it to assure European launcher autonomy? If it's the latter, then there are lots of ways of meeting this objective."
The Ariane 6 design unveiled by ESA has a payload capability limited to one satellite weighing up to 6,500 kilograms to be launched into geostationary orbit.
Woerner said most studies suggest that satellites, on average, are getting heavier, not lighter, and that a capacity lim ited to 6,500 kilograms for a launcher to enter service in the 2020s is insufficient. It is also insufficient to carry many Earth escape-orbit payloads that Europe may well need as it works with NASA and others on a space exploration program.
Citing one example, he said, the Ariane 6 design would not be able to carry the NASA-led Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle whose service module Europe is providing under a barter arrangement with the U.S. space agency.
Any hope that Europe one day would be launching its own astronauts would evaporate with Ariane 6, Woerner said.
Fabrizi said the Ariane 6, while currently designed to launch in a single configuration, has room to grow. For example, he said, the four identical solid-rocket boosters that make up the vehicle's first and second stages — three comprising the first stage, one as the second stage — could be increased in size to carry heavier payloads.
Jean-Yves Le Gall, president of the French space agency, CNES, said the Ariane 6 design offers the best chance for Europe's launcher sector to remain competitive in the global commercial market. While the Ariane 6 business model may not need as much commercial business as the current Ariane 5 ECA rocket to be viable, it will need several commercial launches per year to keep per-launch costs down for European governments using the rocket for their civil and military payloads.
"The key to the Ariane 6 DNA lies in having four identical boosters," Le Gall said in a July 11 interview. "If we're launching 15 times per year, that's 60 identical boosters because we have a single design for the vehicle. This is how we can keep costs down."
Woerner said that for this kind of scale economy to work, all the Ariane 6 solid-fueled boosters would need to be made in the same place. Given today's European industrial landscape, he said, that would mean in Italy.
But if Italy's industry is to be given such a large role in Ariane 6's development, the Italian government will have to agree to pay a corresponding share of Ariane 6's development costs. Given the French insistence that Ariane 6 be approved for full development starting in 2014, can Italy support such a financial charge? Woerner asked.
In addition to the cost of up to 3.5 billion euros ($4.6 billion) for Ariane 6, European ministers next year will be asked to decide on whether to complete development of the Ariane 5 ME, at a cost of about 1.5 billion euros.
With France tentatively agreeing to fund about 50 percent of each vehicle, that would mean the French government committing, starting next year, to 2.5 billion euros in rocket development payments. Asked whether France could finance both programs, Le Gall said it is too early to determine what will cost how much.
Fabrizi said ESA will finish its preliminary requirements review for Ariane 6 in October, at which point a more detailed cost and performance estimate will be available.
"We are at risk here of the European Space Agency becoming, in effect, a European Launcher Agency," Woerner said. "We in Germany happen to think there are many things ESA does — environmental observation, the international space station and other things — that should not be sacrificed to launchers at a time when overall space budgets will remain flat."

ЦитироватьЕвропейское космическое агентство утвердило дизайн ракеты Ariane-6
 
(04:41) 10.07.2013

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/87437.jpg)

 // CyberSecurity.ru // - Европейское космическое агентство накануне заявило, что утвердило базовый дизайн и основные технические параметры новой европейской ракеты-носителя Ariane 6. Соответствующие комитеты уже рассмотрели и одобрили проект разработки космической ракеты. Согласно утвержденным параметрам, ракета Ariane 6 сможет выводить на околоземную геостационарную орбиту аппараты массой от 3 до 6,5 тонн, что полностью покрывает как правительственные, так и коммерческие нужды.
 
 На сегодня Ariane-5 применяется для вывода на орбиту больших спутников для телекоммуникационных операторов, научных космических телескопов или спутников мониторинга окружающей среды. Текущая ракета ЕКА для запуска спутников Ariane 5 имеет грузоподъемность более 20 тонн и может разместить несколько полезных нагрузок, но является дорогой в эксплуатации.
 
 По словам главы Европейского космического агентства (ЕКА), первый пуск новой европейской ракеты-носителя Ariane 6  запланирован на 2021-2022 годы.
 
 Руководитель Национального центра космических исследований Франции (CNES) Жан-Ив Ле Галль отметил, что меньший размер новой ракеты и новые технологии сделают запуск Ariane 6 на 30% дешевле, чем Ariane 5, запуск которой обойдется в 100 миллионов евро с 6-тонным спутником на борту.
 
 Всего на реализацию проекта понадобится около 4 миллиардов евро инвестиций. Согласно условиям проекта, при разработке и создании ракеты Ariane 6 будут по максимуму использованы технологии, примененные при создании Ariane 5, для экономии времени и снижения расходов.
 
 В апреле этого года европейский авиационно-космический концерн Arianespace приступил к программе модернизации ракеты-носителя Ariane 5 ECA. В отчете Arianespace говорится, что планируется внести в конструкцию ракеты множество мелких изменений, по итогам которых грузоподъемность Ariane 5 возрастет на 400 кг. Новые образцы ракет с увеличенной грузоподъемностью будут приняты в эксплуатацию к концу 2010 года.
 
 Специалисты говорят, что обновленный вариант Ariane 5 сможет выводить по два телекоммуникационных спутника общей массой до 9100 кг на геостационарную орбиту. По словам исполнительного директора Arianespace Жана-Ива Ле Галля, запланированные изменения не скажутся на внешнем виде ракеты или на ее аппаратных особенностях. Большинство изменений коснутся двигателей и верхней ступени ракеты.

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
 http://cybersecurity.ru/space/177828.html

ЦитироватьЕвропейское космическое агентство утвердило дизайн ракеты Ariane-6
 
(04:41) 10.07.2013

 

 // CyberSecurity.ru // - ... Новые образцы ракет с увеличенной грузоподъемностью будут приняты в эксплуатацию к концу 2010 года.
 

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
 // CyberSecurity.ru // - ... Новые образцы ракет с увеличенной грузоподъемностью будут приняты в эксплуатацию к концу 2010 года .
Не понял  :o  

ЦитироватьEurope Chooses Mostly Solid-Fueled Next-Gen Rocket
By Amy Svitak
Source: Aviation Week & Space Technology

July 15, 2013

(http://www.aviationweek.com/media/images/fullsize/Space/ESA/Launch_Vehicles/Ariane_6-ESA.jpg)
Credit: ESA

The European Space Agency (ESA) has settled on the basic design of the Ariane 6, the first of many steps toward developing a next-generation launch vehicle to succeed the heavy-lift Ariane 5, to keep pace with new developments in China, Russia, India and the U.S.

A more cost-driven and less cumbersome rocket than the Ariane 5 of today, the Ariane 6 configuration is aimed at rapid, lower-cost development and a reduced launch price of €70 million ($90 million).

But despite a clear bias toward affordability, it remains to be seen whether the 20-nation ESA can build the Ariane 6 competitively while finding work for key financial backers, notably Germany, which funds 20% of Ariane 5.

"There is a lot of work now to be done on this configuration, to see who can produce what at what price," says Antonio Fabrizi, head of ESA's launch vehicle directorate. "Only in the coming months, with data from industry, will we verify if it is in line with the target or not."

The new design, known as "Multi P Linear," comprises a first stage of three solid-fueled boosters, a second stage powered by a nearly identical booster and a restartable cryogenic third stage. This stage is based on the Vinci engine being developed at Safran's Snecma motors division as part of an Ariane 5 mid-life upgrade, the Ariane 5ME.

Although less capable than the Ariane 5, which can deliver two payloads weighing a combined 9,000 kg (20,000 lb.) to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), the Ariane 6 will launch single payloads and is designed to be less reliant on the commercial market to break even.

French space agency CNES, which is expected to fund about half of Ariane 6 development, has spent several years studying designs that could be quickly developed for around €4 billion. In the past six months, project teams at ESA and CNES weighed concepts based on initial CNES designs calling for a modular rocket that could haul 2,000-6,500 kg to GTO, with the potential to grow lift capacity up to 8,000 kg.

Each of the designs was to incorporate a 34-ton cryogenic 4.4-meter-dia. (14.4-ft.) third stage based on an adapted version of the Vinci upper stage, as well as a common payload fairing similar to the Ariane 5 and a third-stage deorbiting kit included in the performance metrics.

By June, the teams had narrowed the focus to two: one with a main stage housing a large, single, solid-fueled booster; and a second design based on a cluster concept involving three solid-rocket boosters topped by a nearly identical fourth.

Fabrizi said last month that the latter option seems more affordable. "The cluster provides higher production rates for the motors, with a lower cost for each motor," he said on the sidelines of the June 5 launch of Europe's Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-4) from Europe's Guiana Space Center in Kourou. "But there are integration complications with building the cluster, so we have to make the trade."

ESA's final concept, unveiled July 9, is a non-modular, linear version of the cluster concept that would carry 3,000-6,500 kg to GTO, and is designed to maximize commonalities with the Ariane 5 ME and Italy's new Vega light launcher. In addition to the Vinci engine, the Ariane 6 will incorporate a 5.4-meter-dia. payload shroud to accommodate the same volume of satellites as the Ariane 5 and rely on P135 solid-fueled boosters that are in the range of what Vega has demonstrated with its P80 first-stage engine.

ESA says this "Multi P Linear" design could facilitate development of a more powerful P120 engine for future evolutions of Vega, lowering production costs, improving performance and making the rocket more competitive in the commercial smallsat market.

Unlike the single-booster concept, however, the Multi P Linear's P135 boosters will incorporate thrust vector control (TVC), a feature that is expected to increase costs.

"You have TVCs and all these stages, so it's inevitably a bit more expensive," Christophe Bonnal, a technical specialist with CNES, said in Naples, Italy, last fall.

However, Fabrizi asserts that more development risk was associated with the single, larger booster, a factor that could prolong Ariane 6 development beyond the targeted service-entry date of 2021. "If something is more complex to develop, we take a risk in getting it to market," he tells Aviation Week.

With the basic design settled, the next step is to solicit industry proposals this month based on the Multi P Linear concept in order to benchmark a competitive development cost that will be presented to ESA ministers next year.

"I shall organize a competition first," says ESA Director General Jean-Jacques Dordain, a plan that bucks an agency rule guaranteeing 90% geographic return on investment via industry participation. "I have no chance to get the best product for cost because I am in the hands of a monopoly situation. I want serious industrial proposals first. If they are competitive, I am ready to make a launcher that is 60% German."

ЦитироватьГлавный ЕКА Дордайн впервые будет предлагать в промышленности, чтобы придерживаться цели затрат для обеспечения и избежать ситуации монополии. Если предложения являются конкурентоспособными, он будет готов, если Германия будет строить 60% етого носителя.

Цитировать16 October 2013 – Astrium, the world's second ranking space company, has been awarded three new contracts by the European Space Agency (ESA).

Running through to the end of 2014, the first two contracts cover the continued development of the Ariane 5 Midlife Evolution (A5ME) launcher and the sub-assemblies common to both it and Ariane 6. This study was approved by ESA in May 2013.

The third contract is for the start of development studies for the Ariane 6 launcher, based on the concept selected in July.

"These three contracts will give Astrium's teams, along with their European industrial partners, the opportunity to build on the substantial amount of work that has already been done on the Ariane 5 ME development, and on the feasibility study for Ariane 6, the design of which has now been finalised," said Astrium Space Transportation CEO Alain Charmeau. "In defining the synergies needed to meet the European Space Agency's schedule requirements and reduced production costs, Astrium is demonstrating its expertise as prime contractor of Ariane launchers."

Astrium will now press ahead with definition and feasibility studies on the future Ariane 6 European launcher. These studies aim to define the chosen concept and architecture of the Ariane 6 launcher and to specify its main characteristics prior to the start of its industrial development, in 2014.

Meanwhile, the development of Ariane 5 ME involves two key objectives: improving the launcher by increasing its payload performance by two tonnes in geostationary transfer orbit by 2018 and preparing the Ariane 6 launcher.

The Ariane 6 and Ariane 5 ME launchers will both feature the same liquid-propulsion system in their upper stages, specifically the Vinci® engine, and largely the same fairing.

ESA's member states made the decision to continue with the Ariane 5 ME programme in November 2012. At the Ministerial Council meeting held in Naples, ESA decided to safeguard investment in definition studies on the new Ariane 6 launcher and to carry on developing Ariane 5 ME and researching synergies between the two future launchers. The award of these latest contracts will allow member states to make a decision on the development and construction of the new Ariane 6 European launcher when they meet at the next ESA Ministerial Council in late 2014.

Цитировать
L'Amérique revient dans la course

On demande aux industriels européens de s'inspirer du modèle SpaceX en nous imposant des contraintes incompatibles. On est dans la schizophrénie !

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:
Дык Европа здесь а Гвиана - там.  :)

ЦитироватьАнтикосмит пишет:
Надо бы в местной прессе расписать ужасы ТТУ и подрядить всех местных сумасшедших и пограничников, чтобы прекратить их использование.

Цитироватьpragmatik пишет:
но использовать ТТ в мирное время надо запретить!!!!!

ЦитироватьАнтикосмит пишет:
Надо бы в местной прессе расписать ужасы ТТУ и подрядить всех местных сумасшедших и пограничников, чтобы прекратить их использование

Цитироватьоктоген пишет:
Самое надежное и дешевое, и давно освоенное топливо перхлорат/полибутадиен/алюминий имеет в выхлопе диоксин. По сравнению с ним хлороводород, окислы азота, хлор элементарный( да, он есть) и прочие минорные продукты фигня несущественная. Шаг в сторону от полибутадиена/перхлората совершенно других денег стоит.

ЦитироватьSOE пишет:

ЦитироватьАнтикосмит пишет:
Надо бы в местной прессе расписать ужасы ТТУ и подрядить всех местных сумасшедших и пограничников, чтобы прекратить их использование

Бесполезное занятие. Раньше мониторили всю эту гадость в атмосфере, несколько станций. Изменений, которые возбудили бы даже хардкорных экологов, не находили. Скорее всего, замеры и сейчас производятся. Просто повышенная "хозяйственная деятельность", связанная с рутинной жизнью космодрома, наверняка наносит куда больший ущерб среде.

Цитировать

ЦитироватьСпасибо, зело поржал. Разработаете рецептуру с вашими гидридами и вазелином, тогда приходите на форум и выкладывайте  :)    А пока процитирую сам себя: шаг в сторону от полибутадиена/перхлората совершенно других денег стоит.

ЦитироватьAriane 6 Moves to Next Development Stage

11 November 2013

The preliminary requirements for Europe's next-generation Ariane 6 launcher have been agreed and the project is set to move on to the next stage.

In November 2012, the ESA Council at Ministerial level, meeting in Naples, Italy, approved the start of preparatory activities for Europe's next-generation Ariane 6 launch vehicle.

The objective of Ariane 6 is to guarantee autonomous access to space for Europe, serving European institutional missions, without requiring public support to exploit.

The performance requested for the new vehicle is up to 6.5 tonnes in equivalent geostationary transfer orbit, to cover both institutional and commercial needs. The configuration retained was 'PPH' – indicating the sequence of stages: a first and a second stage using solid propulsion (P) and a third stage using cryogenic propulsion (H).

Ministers also requested that the new vehicle exploits maximum commonalities with the cryogenic reignitable upper stage of Ariane 5 ME.

In early July, seven months after ESA's Ministerial Council decision, the concept for the Ariane 6 vehicle was sel ected.

On 1 October the Preliminary Requirements Review of the launch system began. The management plans and the preliminary specifications together with the technical and programmatic files of the concept were submitted for review.

The review was concluded by the board on 6 November. The review involved European experts fr om Arianespace, Italy's ASI space agency, France's CNES space agency, the DLR German Aerospace Center and ESA. European customers also participated and contributed to the consolidation of the Mission Requirement Document, which will drive the development.

The next step for the Ariane 6 project is the completion of a first Design Analysis Cycle, which is planned for the end of February, and which includes trade-offs for several subsystems. A second Design Analysis Cycle will start in March. The results of the second loop will feed the next ESA review: the System Requirements Review, planned for October–November 2014.

In parallel, ESA has consulted industry to gather competing ideas on key launcher elements. More than 160 responses were received, and ESA is completing their evaluation. This will allow the progressive setting up of the industrial organisation, awarding contracts to subcontractors for the second Design Analysis Cycle and receiving an industry proposal for the full development of Ariane 6 in preparation for the next ESA Ministerial Council meeting.

"Decisions taken by the ESA Council at Ministerial level in November 2012 are being implemented strictly and timely," noted Antonio Fabrizi, ESA's Director of Launchers.

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/28470.jpg) (http://spaceinimages.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/esa_multimedia/images/2013/07/ariane_63/12932223-2-eng-GB/Ariane_6.jpg)

ЦитироватьJean-Jacques Dordain (directeur général de l'ESA):« Ariane 6 à 70 millions d'euros, c'est possible »,17.11.2013
Valerie Pécresse pour Les Echos : Vous venez d'évaluer 160 propositions industrielles sur Ariane 6. Le lancement à 70 millions d'euros est-il crédible ?


Jean-Jacques Dordain : Nous n'avons pas le choix. La concurrence est telle, avec notamment le premier lancement commercial de Falcon 9 [prévu à 60 millions de dollars, NDLR], que nous devons impérativement remplir deux conditions de compétitivité : réduire les coûts de lancement et nous assurer d'un noyau dur d'utilisateurs européens. Nos concurrents s'appuient sur leur marché domestique. Nous avons décidé, et c'est une première, d'impliquer les utilisateurs européens à la conception d'Ariane 6, sur le modèle d'Airbus. Nous partons de leurs besoins. On n'est pas encore à 70 millions, mais je suis confiant, on va les atteindre.


L'industrie a joué le jeu ?


Il y a toujours de la résistance, mais c'est le signe qu'il y a du mouvement ! Mais nous avons organisé une vraie compétition, avec des contraintes allégées, et nous travaillons surtout sur une organisation industrielle simplifiée. C'est l'aspect le plus innovant. D'ici à février, les industriels vont s'engager sur les coûts de développement et de fabrication.




Tiendrez-vous les délais ?


L'objectif qui m'a été fixé, c'est 2021. Je donnerai la date définitive lors de la prochaine ministérielle dans un an. Nous devons faire le plus vite possible car le monde spatial évolue à grande vitesse.


Faut-il maintenir Ariane 5 ME ? Est-ce un sujet de frictions avec Berlin ?


Ne faisons pas de la modernisation d'Ariane 5 un sujet franco-allemand. La question est économique. Ariane 5 a encore une dizaine d'années d'exploitation. Pouvons-nous traverser cette période sans améliorer ses performances ? Cela fait du sens de faire les deux. Si Ariane 5 ME permet de mettre au point la partie haute d'Ariane 6, avec un étage supérieur réallumable, nous pourrons mutualiser les coûts. Lors de la ministérielle de l'ESA, nous ferons un bilan.


Certains reprochent à Ariane 6 d'être un lanceur low cost sans innovation technologique...


Son moteur cryogénique sera un bijou ! La démonstration par Falcon 9 d'un premier étage réutilisable nous a impressionnés. Mais il n'est pas certain que cela soit si rentable. Le cycle de récupération n'est pas gratuit

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
Роскосмос с носителем Союз-5 думает.

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
Роскосмос с носителем Союз-5 думает.

Нет.

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
Вы еще не перестали

ЦитироватьAriane 6 sera lancée entre Kourou et Sinnamary après 2020, 20.11. 2013


Строительство работа ( СК ) должна начаться в сентябре 2014 года и последние 5 лет общий объем инвестиций в один миллиард евро. Будет создано много рабочих мест в строительной промышленности для этого три раза выше, чем для Союза. Деятельность Гвианского космического центра будет также разработан с 10 до 15 пусков Ариан 6 предполагается ежегодно от 2020.

Les travaux de construction devraient commencer en septembre 2014 et durer 5 ans pour un investissement total d'un milliard d'euros. De nombreux emplois seront créés dans le secteur du BTP pour réaliser ce projet trois fois supérieur à celui de Soyouz. L'activité au Centre Spatial Guyanais sera aussi développée puisque 10 à 15 lancements d'Ariane 6 seraient prévus chaque année à compter de 2020.

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
Порнография хуже Ангары.
Интересно, насколько долго они будут заливать про дешевизну твердотопливных технологий?

ЦитироватьNous avons déjà fait un tiers du chemin, assure Jean-Yves Le Gall. La configuration technique d'Ariane 6 a été définie en juillet dernier, il faut aller le plus vite possible." Le calendrier est ambitieux: la date de 2019 pour le premier vol est désormais ouvertement évoquée du côté des agences spatiales, alors que les industriels ne l'envisagent pas avant 2021-2023.

"Мы уже сделали одну треть пути, обеспечивает Жан-Ив Ле желчного. Технической конфигурации Ариан 6 был установлен в июле, нам нужно идти как можно быстрее". Расписание грандиозно: Дата 2019 на первый пуск, теперь открыто упоминал на стороне космических агентств, в то время как промышленники не предусматривается до 2021-2023.

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
Порнография хуже Ангары.
Интересно, насколько долго они будут заливать про дешевизну твердотопливных технологий?

ЦитироватьBell пишет:

Цитировать Кстати, очень интересный вопрос - какой там окислитель? Освоение промышленной технологии изготовления больших ТТУ на динитрамиде аммония будет событием.

ЦитироватьBell пишет:
Мда... ну значит будет грязно, с меньшим у.и., но дешевле.
Слабые в Европе эколухи, ох слабые

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
что концепция ТТУ иммет преимущества из точки стоимности.
- Носитель Вега использует новые графитовые композиты для ТТУ. Эта технология была разработана в Италии.

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
что концепция ТТУ иммет преимущества из точки стоимности.
- Носитель Вега использует новые графитовые композиты для ТТУ. Эта технология была разработана в Италии.

Хм, Вега самая дорогая в своем классе. С "Ариан-6" России нечего бояться.

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
что концепция ТТУ иммет преимущества из точки стоимности.
- Носитель Вега использует новые графитовые композиты для ТТУ. Эта технология была разработана в Италии.

Хм, Вега самая дорогая в своем классе. С "Ариан-6" России нечего бояться.

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
Союза-2

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
Союза-2

Самый дорогой "С-2б" стоит с завода 30 млн долларов. Прочее - накрутки посредников, для иноКА это "Старсем" и "Арианспасьяль". Они тоже кушать хотят. Вот оттуда и 80 млн.

"Вега" стоит 42 млн долларов, даже японский "Эпсилон" дешевле.

"Ариан-6" для России не опасен.

ЦитироватьDie Anpassung verlief insgesamt zeit- und kostenaufwändiger als ursprünglich geplant. So liegen die Gesamtkosten des von der ESA, der EU und Arianespace finanzierten Gemeinschaftsprojektes Sojus-Kourou bei 468 Millionen Euro (2011). Russland lieferte die technischen Ausrüstungen der Startrampe im Wert von 121 Millionen Euro. Ein Sojus-Start wird heute mit 80 Millionen Euro veranschlagt.

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:
"Ариан-6" для России не опасен.

ЦитироватьBell пишет:

ЦитироватьGeorge пишет:
"Ариан-6" для России не опасен.

Конечно не опасен. У России будет своя Ангара-5 за 130 млн.

ЦитироватьBell пишет:
У России будет своя Ангара-5 за 130 млн.

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
пуска Sojus-ST с Kourou есть на 80 миллион Евро.

ЦитироватьЯрослав пишет:
Зенит снова выедет на сцену.

ЦитироватьBell пишет:

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
Порнография хуже Ангары.
Интересно, насколько долго они будут заливать про дешевизну твердотопливных технологий?

Кстати, очень интересный вопрос - какой там окислитель? Освоение промышленной технологии изготовления больших ТТУ на динитрамиде аммония будет событием.

ЦитироватьЯрослав пишет:
да, я так смотрю, с новыми А и А (от Европы и России), да у с уходом на пенсию Протона, Зенит снова выедет на сцену. Если, конечно, Спейс-Х не купит платформу Силанча ))

ЦитироватьЯрослав пишет:
да, я так смотрю, с новыми А и А (от Европы и России), да у с уходом на пенсию Протона, Зенит снова выедет на сцену.

Цитироватьоктоген пишет:
1) Зенит без России(РД-171 и РБ) труп.

ЦитироватьDAP пишет:
Как долго они планируют две ракеты параллельно пускать?

ЦитироватьDAP пишет:
Не мог бы кто-то разъяснить, как сочетаются планы по относительно быстрому началу работы Arian VI с недавно подписанным соглашением с Астриум еще на 19 пусков Arian V (да еще и с доработкой носителя). Как долго они планируют две ракеты параллельно пускать?

ЦитироватьEn décembre dernier, lors de la visite de François Hollande au centre spatial guyanais, le président du CNES avait d'ailleurs survolé avec le président de la République l'endroit où devrait être construit le futur pas de tir d'Ariane 6. De fait, le dossier est bien avancé.

ЦитироватьEnsuite, la conception du pas de tir du lanceur est également bien avancée. "En termes de volume de travaux, le pas de tir d'Ariane 6, c'est à peu près trois fois le pas de tir construit en Guyane pour Soyouz", précise Jean-Yves Le Gall. L'installation sera même équipée d'un portique mobile qui permettra d'apporter les modifications de dernière minute soit sur le lanceur soit sur les satellites embarqués sans avoir à déplacer la fusée et gagner ainsi de précieuses journées

ЦитироватьDed пишет:
Может иероглифами или узелковым письмом???

Mark, пожалуйста, обратите внимание на язык форума.

ЦитироватьMark пишет:

ЦитироватьDed пишет:
Может иероглифами или узелковым письмом???

Mark, пожалуйста, обратите внимание на язык форума.

А в чем проблема ? Ставил ссылки и информацию про Ариане-6 !

Цитироватьvlad7308 пишет:
Дед, Марк - немец. будьте снисходительны к его русскому, ваш немецкий скорее всего тоже не идеален

ЦитироватьDed пишет:
Вы приводите цитаты на французском.

ЦитироватьDed пишет:
Видимо, я единственный участник форума, который не знает и французский.

ЦитироватьБюджет Европейского космического агентства на 2014 год составит €4,1 млрд
                                                                                Наука (http://itar-tass.com/nauka)                                                                               
 17 января, 12:46

ПАРИЖ, 17 января. /Корр. ИТАР-ТАСС Иван Батырев/. Европейское космическое агентство (ЕКА) сможет потратить на свои программы в 2014 году €4,102 млрд. Такие цифры обнародовал глава ЕКА Жан-Жак Дорден.

"Бюджет был принят единогласно в декабре, - сказал он на ежегодной пресс-конференции в Париже. - Можно наблюдать некоторое сокращение по сравнению с 2013 годом, но в целом он отражает стабильность промышленной деятельности".

Основной статьей расходов станут программы, связанные с наблюдением за Землей, - на эти цели будет потрачено 22,3% бюджета, или €915,9 млн. Следом по значимости идут расходы на навигационные системы и строительство и разработку ракет-носителей - 15,4% (€630,2 млн) и 15,1% (€617,4 млн) соответственно. Наконец, четвертой ключевой статьей расходов станут пилотируемые полеты - на это отведено 9% бюджета, или €370,9 млн.

ЦитироватьNew German space minister Zypries: No proof yet that building a new Ariane 6 is a smarter investment than improving existing Ariane 5.



https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/430410738515996672 (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/430410738515996672)

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
New German space minister Zypries: No proof yet that building a new Ariane 6 is a smarter investment than improving existing Ariane 5.

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
А вы вообще узнали сколько есть в форуме цитатов на ангилском языке ?

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Цитироватьche wi пишет:

ЦитироватьMark пишет:
New German space minister Zypries: No proof yet that building a new Ariane 6 is a smarter investment than improving existing Ariane 5.

Прагматичный немецкий подход  :)

ЦитироватьAirbus Defence and Space, вторая в мире компания в сфере космических технологий, выиграла контракт Европейского космического агентства (ЕКА), оценивающийся в 60 млн евро, на продолжение в 2014 году подготовки технико-экономического обоснования и исследований для создания новой европейской ракеты-носителя Ariane 6. Исследования позволят утвердить разработанную на текущий момент детальную архитектуру и определить основные технические характеристики ракеты-носителя. Результаты исследований будут представлены в "Обзоре системных требований" ЕКА в ноябре 2014 года.

Подтверждение бесперебойного развития программы позволит ЕКА определить параметры ракеты-носителя Ariane 6, на основе которых страны-участницы программы смогут принять решение о дальнейших работах по созданию новой ракеты-носителя в ходе заседания Совета Европейского космического агентства (ЕКА) на уровне министров, запланированного на декабрь 2014 года. Airbus Defence and Space продолжит уточнение параметров ракеты-носителя Ariane 6, параллельно осуществляя работы над ракетой Ariane 5 ME, имеющей целый ряд схожих характеристик с Ariane 6. Контракты ЕКА, полученные в 2013 году компанией Astrium (в настоящее время - часть Airbus Defence and Space), предполагают разработку к 2018 году ракеты-носителя Ariane 5 МЕ с улучшенными на 20 % эксплуатационными показателями.

Спойлер

На встрече Совета министров Европейского космического агентства в ноябре 2012 года было принято решение начать подготовку технико-экономического обоснования новой ракеты-носителя Ariane 6 и продолжить создание Ariane 5 МЕ, параллельно находя пути обеспечения максимальной синергии по двум проектам.

Airbus Defence and Space - подразделение Airbus Group, сформированное в результате объединения бизнесов компаний Cassidian, Astrium и Airbus Military. Новое подразделение является крупнейшей в Европе и второй в мире компанией оборонно-космической отрасли, а также входит в Топ-10 оборонных предприятий мира. В компании работает 40 000 сотрудников; годовой оборот составляет около 14 млрд евро.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьIn what European Space Agency Director-General Jean-Jacques Dordain called a "Valentine's Day present," four European rocket-hardware builders on Feb. 14 submitted a united proposal for how to build the next-generation Ariane 6 rocket using an organizational setup that turns ESA's traditional practice on its head.

The four companies — Airbus Defence and Space, Safran, OHB AG's MT Aerospace and Italy's Avio — have been given "total carte blanche" to create a contractor team with only one goal in mind: Produce a vehicle that can be built and launched for 70 million euros ($95 million), Dordain said.

ЦитироватьФранция рассмотрываэт альтернативные Ариан 6 конфигураций, сказалa Genevieve Fioraso. Онa также сказалa, что окончательное решение ещо не было принято, будет происходить летом этого года, 18.03.2014



Air Liquide has been fighting for a redesign of the Ariane 6 to include more cryogenic propellant, which would assure the company's product line and also provide more power to the vehicle. As currently designed, the Ariane 6 features two solid-fueled strap-on boosters and two solid-fueled lower stages — all four of near-identical design — topped by a cryogenic upper stage.

http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/39905questions-swirl-around-future-of-europe%E2%80%99s-ariane-launcher-program (http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/39905questions-swirl-around-future-of-europe%E2%80%99s-ariane-launcher-program)

ЦитироватьCNES's Le Gall: Ariane 6 development will cost EUR 3B ($4B) according to industrial estimate given to ESA.

ЦитироватьCNES's Le Gall: Ariane 6 grnd sgment to add EUR 750M ($1B) to EUR 3B devel cost. Goal: France 50%, Ger 25%, Ital 15%, Swiss/Belg 5% each.

ЦитироватьThe first filament winding operations on a motor structure for the future European launcher Ariane 6 have been completed successfully.

Airbus Defence and Space has just begun the first filament winding operations on a motor case for the future European launcher Ariane 6. This first unit, of a size representative of the future Ariane 6 boosters, will be the largest carbon motor case ever produced in Europe. It demonstrates that Airbus Defence and Space can master this technology, which is essential for the Ariane 6 programme. This operation follows on from the production of the first elements of the upper stage common to Ariane 5 ME and Ariane 6.

Спойлер

The motor case is a vital part of a solid-propellant launcher's motor because it plays a dual role, serving as both the tank for the propellant (the launcher's fuel) and, more importantly, the structure of the launcher, for which it constitutes to a certain extent the fuselage. This first major stage in the production of the future European launcher was carried out with funding from the French space agency CNES, as part of the French Investment for the Future Programme (Plan d'Investissements d'Avenir – PIA) and France's contribution to ESA's Ariane 6 programme.

[свернуть]

Цитироватьche wi пишет:
Airbus Defence and Space prepares industrial operations for Ariane 6
http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/industrial-operations-for-ariane-6.html (http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/press_centre/industrial-operations-for-ariane-6.html)

ЦитироватьЧебурашка пишет:
Какова ожидается судьба Союза в Куру в свете разработки Ариан-6

ЦитироватьPeter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes 6 Std. (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/449194160965554176)
Mini-Euro ministerial space conf. on Fri in Geneva w/ Germany, France, Italy, Belgium & Switzerland re: Ariane future.

Цитировать,,Wir wissen nicht, welche Satelliten in zehn Jahren nachgefragt werden. Deshalb brauchen wir flexible Trägerraketen, die wir an die zukünftige Nachfrage anpassen können."

ЦитироватьEuro sat operators (ESOA) to ESA: Make Ariane 6 modular w/ dual-launch capab for light all-elec sats, & find ways to cut Ariane 5 costs now.

ЦитироватьSignaling a recognition of the changing landscape of the global space business, two European aerospace contractors say they will combine forces in a joint venture to cut the cost of Ariane launchers for commercial satellites and European government missions.

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/154384.jpg)
Photo of an Ariane 5 rocket on the launch pad in Kourou, French Guiana. Credit: ESA/S. Corvaja
 

Airbus Group and Safran announced Monday they have agreed to create a 50-50 joint venture to oversee rocket production sites in France and Germany. Airbus Defence and Space is prime contractor for the Ariane 5 rocket, and Paris-based Safran's Snecma and Herakles divisions build the launcher's liquid-fueled engines and solid rocket motors.

Development of an evolved, more capable version of Europe's Ariane 5 rocket for launches beginning in 2018 and the next-generation Ariane 6 launcher, set to debut in the early 2020s, is at the core of the new industrial arrangement, the companies said.

The jointly-owned company should begin operations before the end of 2014, officials said.

The rocket development projects are focused on continuing Europe's independent access to space while remaining a force in the global launch business.

Industry officials said the joint company was partly conceived to answer pressures from SpaceX, the U.S. space transportation company founded by Elon Musk, which has grabbed launch contracts for commercial satellites that once went to Europe's Ariane 5 rocket.

Arianespace, the operator of the Ariane 5, has seen its lead in the commercial launch market shrink since the arrival of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket, but the French launch services provider still garners more commercial business than any other rocket company.

Europe's challenge is to hang on to that edge in the commercial launch services market.

European Space Agency member states, European industrial representatives and Arianespace agree on the necessity of developing a less costly rocket to replace the Ariane 5, which must launch two commercial satellites at a time to remain competitive.

The answer is the Ariane 6, which officials say should launch for 70 million euros, or about $95 million, per flight and be capable of putting up to 6.5 metric tons of payload into geostationary transfer orbit, the destination for most commercial communications satellites.

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/154386.jpg)
File photo of an Ariane 5 launch. Credit: ESA/CNES/Arianespace
 

If Europe is able to achieve such a price point, it would be about half the cost of an Ariane 5 launch today but slightly higher than prices advertised by SpaceX.

The Falcon Heavy rocket, a heavy-lift launcher still under development by SpaceX, carries a price tag of $85 million to deliver 6.4 metric tons to geostationary transfer orbit, according to SpaceX's website.

The less powerful Falcon 9 rocket cannot lift the heaviest commercial telecom satellites. Its performance to most geostationary transfer orbits is limited to 4.85 metric tons at a price of $61 million.

The prices do not account for SpaceX's plans to make the Falcon 9 rocket's first stage reusable, which the company says would reduce costs if proven technically and economically viable.

Officials said cost reductions in the Ariane rocket program might hinge on consolidation of the European rocket industry, an end that could be fostered by the joint venture announced by Airbus and Safran.

"It's all about enhancing the competitiveness of our space launcher business going forward," said Tom Enders, CEO of Airbus Group, in a statement. "The Ariane program has been hugely successful during the last 30 years, but in order to remain relevant and competitive for the future we need a much more efficient industrial structure. This is what the customers expect from us. Our agreement with Safran is the starting point of an exciting journey towards a more integrated, more efficient and hence more profitable launcher business in Europe."

ESA last year sel ected the basic design for the Ariane 6, deciding in favor of a recommendation from CNES -- the French space agency -- involving four solid-fueled rocket motors topped by a hydrogen-fueled cryogenic upper stage.

But officials are still debating rocket's make-up, with Germany publicly lobbying for a liquid-fueled core stage for the Ariane 6. Such a design modification would give Germany a bigger stake in the Ariane 6's design and production.

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/154385.jpg)
A side-by-side comparison of the Ariane 5 and the current design for the Ariane 6 rocket. Credit: ESA
 

Germany is ESA's leading overall financial contributor, but it ranks behind France in funding of Europe's launcher programs.

The French government's space minister said last month France is willing to entertain changes to the Ariane 6's baseline design, according to a report by Space News.

Top officials representing the ESA member states most active in launcher development and manufacturing -- France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland -- will meet July 8 in another in a series of colloquia aimed at ironing out differences on Europe's next launcher.

Government ministers will meet in Luxembourg in December to decide the fate of Europe's launcher program, including the Ariane 6, a halfway-finished upgrade to the Ariane 5 rocket, and performance augmentations to the light-class Vega booster.

ESA will ask its member states at the December conference in Luxembourg for 1.2 billion euros, or about $1.6 billion, to finish development of Ariane 5 ME for a first launch by 2018. The member states will also decide on a 4 billion euro, $5.5 billion, funding package for Ariane 6.

The upgraded Ariane 5 rocket, known as the Ariane 5 Mid-life Evolution, is scheduled to debut by 2018. It features a new Vinci upper stage engine capable of reigniting in space to boost heavier satellites into different types of orbits.

The current version of the Ariane 5, called the Ariane 5 ECA, flies with an HM7B upper stage engine that can only fire once per flight.

Backers of the Ariane 5 ME promise it will allow European governments to end subsidies to Arianespace, the French launch services company responsible for operating the Ariane rocket family.

The Ariane 6 design endorsed by ESA and CNES last year is powered by first and second stages, along with two strap-on boosters, using solid propulsion and a liquid hydrogen-fueled cryogenic third stage powered by the same Vinci engine under development for the Ariane 5 ME.

The Ariane 6 configuration is known by the French acronym "PPH" design, using the French words for solid and hydrogen fuel.

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/154387.jpg)
A Vinci engine with an expansion nozzle is seen inside a test chamber in Germany. Credit: DLR
 
The Vinci engine for Ariane 5 ME and Ariane 6, the Ariane 5's solid rocket boosters and Vulcain main engine, and Vega's solid-fueled first stage are built by Safran business units. Airbus leads the industrial consortium that manufactures the Ariane 5 rocket before handing it over to Arianespace for launch operations in French Guiana.

The venture by Airbus and Safran aims to "further develop the Ariane 6 launcher in a jointly agreed configuration, able to fulfill a range of missions as expressed by ESA, the national space agencies, Arianespace and satellite operators," the companies said in a joint statement.

"Among an increased number of actors worldwide and in addition to high technological challenges, European industry must provide competitive solutions for all space segments, among which launchers remain at the forefront. Today, we are at a defining moment to drive change as we have to be more agile, our products more affordable, and our structures more integrated. This new joint entity will be a major worldwide player in the launcher domain, with the aim to benefit fr om growth and better serve institutional as well as commercial customers," said Jean-Paul Herteman, chairman and CEO of Safran, in a press release.

Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: @StephenClark1.

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
Сегодня прошли новости, что разум возобладал и жуткое твердотопливное убожество не будет. Французы каким-то образом согласились делать нормальную ракету, а немцы вздохнули свободно и подмахнули договор. Итальянцам тоже отломили кусочек. На официальном сайте есть новая картинка:

 http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Launchers/Launch_vehicles/Ariane_6/

ЦитироватьARIANE 6

Why is it needed?

Market forecasts indicate increasing worldwide competition among launch service providers making it essential to develop a post-Ariane 5 ECA system as early as possible to reduce costs to more competitive levels, thus continuing to guarantee Europe's access to space.

How?

At the November 2012 ESA Council meeting at Ministerial level in Naples, Italy, Ministers secured investments for detailed definition studies of the new Ariane 6 launcher and the continuation of the development of Ariane 5 ME Adapted, with the goal of developing as many commonalities as possible between the two vehicles.

Ariane 6 preparation has built on the work completed in the Future Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP), the activities within the Ariane 5 post-ECA programme (such as the Vinci engine), and the results of national and industrial initiatives.

Concepts handled within FLPP were gradually reduced to a number of reference launch systems after top-level mission requirements in terms of performance and cost were considered, and the required technologies and readiness levels were identified.

Ariane 6 objectives and main missions

The overarching aim of Ariane 6 is to provide guaranteed access to space for Europe at a competitive price without requiring public sector support for exploitation.

Different concepts have been examined for Ariane 6 such as single- and dual-payloads, solid or cryogenic propulsion for the main stage, and the number of stages (three or more), all to cover a wide range of missions:

    - GEO, either directly or through intermediate orbits, in particular GTO and LEO,
    - Polar/SSO,
    - MEO or MTO,
    - other.

The targeted payload performance of Ariane 6 is 4.5 t for polar/Sun-synchronous orbit missions at 800 km altitude and 3–10 t, with two main segments (3.5-5 t and 6–6.5 t) in GTO-equivalent.

The exploitation cost of the Ariane 6 launch system is its key driver. The first flight is targeted for 2020.

Ariane 6 concepts

Configurations that maximise commonalities between the rockets' stages, and flexibility for adapting to an evolving commercial market, are considered more likely to lead to a competitive launch service price.

Ariane 6 is a modular three-stage launcher (solid–cryogenic–cryogenic) with two configurations using: four boosters (A64) or two boosters (A62).

This is based on:

- A main stage containing liquid oxygen and hydrogen based on the Vulcain engine of Ariane 5 ECA and ME;
- Two or four P120 solid rocket boosters, which will be common with Vega-C (an evolution of the current Vega launcher);
- A cryogenic upper stage (LOX/LH2) propelled by a Vinci engine, based on the A5ME upper stage, with limited adaptations.

Ariane 6 in its A62 or A64 configuration is deemed the best possible long-term solution to maintain competences in Europe and deliver launch services against competitive costs.

Ariane 6 will have reignition capability and will be capable of performing a direct deorbiting and controlled reentry of the upper stage.

Flexibility is a design characteristic for A64 and A62. In essence it is the same launcher, responding to different market needs by varying the number of boosters in the configuration.

The A62, with two P120 solid boosters, will be used mainly in single-launch configurations, while the A64 – with four P120 solids – will enable double launch of medium-class satellites up to 4.5–5 t, mainly for commercial market needs.

The main characteristics of the Ariane 6 concept are:

- The total length of the vehicle is around 63 m,
- The loading of the cryogenic main stage is about 149 tonnes of propellants,
- The external diameter of the cryogenic main stage is about 4.6 m.

Ariane 6 way forward

To streamline the industrial organisation, reduce the number of interfaces and thus reduce the costs and risks to be borne by Member States in development and exploitation, Airbus Space & Defence and Safran, the two largest European industrial actors in launchers, intend to create a joint venture to lead the development and production of the future European launch system.

In response to the resulting industrial proposal, major stakeholders from Member States and industry have been working together to respond to the objectives set by Ministers and by Council. The result is a joint ESA–industry proposal for Ariane 6.

A final decision on the complete development of the Ariane 6 launch system will be taken at the Council at Ministerial level in December 2014.

Last update: 14 October 2014

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/225317.png)
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/225276.png)

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
Сегодня прошли новости, что разум возобладал и жуткое твердотопливное убожество не будет. Французы каким-то образом согласились делать нормальную ракету, а немцы вздохнули свободно и подмахнули договор. Итальянцам тоже отломили кусочек. На официальном сайте есть новая картинка:

 http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Launchers/Launch_vehicles/Ariane_6/

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Дык они верхнюю от Ариан -5 МЕ взяли.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Дык они верхнюю от Ариан -5 МЕ взяли.

Так и для нижней могли бы EPC

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Интересно, а какие "принципы" помешали сделать обе ступени "центра" в одном диаметре?  :o  

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет:

Как был водород+ТТУ так и остался, ни технологическая, ни конструкционная сложность не уменьшилась, даже двигатели по сути те же. За счёт чего они пытаются сэкономить??

Цитироватьоктоген пишет:
Что-то в моем сознании не укладывается совмещенная стенка баков на 2 ступени. Или там она двухслойная с изоляцией, а рисунок схематичен?

ЦитироватьDude пишет:
Ну, надо понимать, что на Фалкон они только оглядываются, а реально решается внутренняя задача удешевить производство и пуски относительно Ариан-5. Будут производить и пускать x2 ракет с тем же кол-вом заказов, т.е. комерсы станут отплачивать тот простой космодрома и производственных мощностей, что раньше оплачивали субсидиями из бюджета.

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет:

ЦитироватьDude пишет:
Ну, надо понимать, что на Фалкон они только оглядываются, а реально решается внутренняя задача удешевить производство и пуски относительно Ариан-5. Будут производить и пускать x2 ракет с тем же кол-вом заказов, т.е. комерсы станут отплачивать тот простой космодрома и производственных мощностей, что раньше оплачивали субсидиями из бюджета.

Ариан 6 не решает задачи конкурентоспособности с F9. Если Маску таки удастся отладить массовое производство и особенно темп пусков F9^FH в тех циферках, что он наметил (10 F-9 и 10 FH в год), A6 с водородом вообще будет никому не нужна.
Про возможную многоразовость я вообще молчу.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
...младшая модель заменяет Союз, а старшая - близка к Ариан-5.

ЦитироватьNilk пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
...младшая модель заменяет Союз, а старшая - близка к Ариан-5.

А чем отличается младшая от старшей?

Цитироватьus2-star пишет:
Интересно, а Ариан-6 Хэви будет?  ;)

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
За счёт чего достигается экономия в $100M? Четыре P120 дешевле двух EAP-241A на такую сумму?
Ведь ЦБ и разгонный блок практически теже самые.

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
За счёт чего достигается экономия в $100M? Четыре P120 дешевле двух EAP-241A на такую сумму?
Ведь ЦБ и разгонный блок практически теже самые.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
  Модульная Ариан-5 выглядит гораздо гибче Ариан-5: младшая модель заменяет Союз, а старшая - близка к Ариан-5. Все вместе унифицированы по РДТТ с Вегой. Унификация, рост серийности и увеличение гибкости = снижению затрат. 

Цитироватьоктоген пишет:
Что-то подобное мы про ангару слыхали  :)

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
Дмитрий В, это не Журко случаем?

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
Дмитрий В, это не Журко случаем?

Цитироватьm-s Gelezniak пишет:

ЦитироватьKR

пишет:
Дмитрий В, это не Журко случаем?

Погуглите "Зaписки рядового инженерa".
PS Интересно что вы обо мне скaжете?

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
Воронцов, конструктор Дейтрона, буду знать.

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
При этом все знают кто такой Журко  :)

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
При этом все знают кто такой Журко  :)  

Он Ваш кумир?

ЦитироватьСравнение Ариан 5 ЕСА и Ариан 64:

	Ариан 5 ECA	Ариан 64
Ускорители	2 X P230	4 X P120
Тяга ускорителей у Земли, тс	2 X 658	4 X 357
РЗТ ускорителей, т	2 Х 240	4 Х 120
УИ у Земли/в вакууме , с	259/286	242/277
Двигатель 1-й ступени	Vulcain Mk2	Vulcain Mk2
Тяга двигателя 1-й ступени Земля/вакуум, тс	109/138	109/138
РЗТ 1-й ступени, т	173	159
УИ у Земли/в вакууме , с	342/432	342/432
Двигатель 2-й ступени	HM-7B	Vinci
Тяга двигателя 2-й ступени вакуум, тс	6,6	18,4
РЗТ 2-й ступени, т	14,5	24,3
УИ в вакууме , с	446	465

ЦитироватьСтраны ЕС договорились о создании новой ракеты-носителя Ariane-6 (http://www.vz.ru/news/2014/12/2/718303.html)

2 декабря 2014, 20::47

Спойлер

Страны Евросоюза договорились о начале работ по созданию ракеты-носителя нового поколения Ariane-6, стоимость проекта оценивается в 4 млрд евро на период до 2020 года.
Об этом сообщила пресс-служба Совета ЕС, по итогам состоявшейся в Люксембурге встречи глав космических ведомств 28 стран сообщества, передает ТАСС.
При проектировке новой ракеты будут использовать комплектующие, предназначенные для ее предшественника – французской Ariane-5, передает «Новости регионов России».
Предполагается, что первый запуск Ariane -6 состится в 2021 году.
Отмечается, что Ariane-5 запускалась 62 раза с 1985 года. В последние годы данный носитель стал сильно уступать американским проектам, в частности, коммерческому SpaceX.
Напомним, еще в 2009 году бывший президент Франции Николя Саркози заявлял, что в течение двух лет должно быть принято решение о разработке новой европейской ракеты-носителя, которая придет на смену Ariane-5.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
Это мотор 1-й ступени Веги, ну и диаметр тот же. И таки да, монолитные, конечно.

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
Это мотор 1-й ступени Веги, ну и диаметр тот же. И таки да, монолитные, конечно.

На Веге P80. P120 предназначался для Веги-С.

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
Намного дешевле, что позволит отказаться от прямых субсидий. Те же 80-100 миллионов долларов на спутник, но БЕЗ СУБСИДИЙ. Это было главное требование. Конечно, косвенные субсидии останутся в форме пресловутых 5 гарантированных запусков. Но это уже не так страшно для многострадального народа Европы.

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:

ЦитироватьSalo   пишет:

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
Это мотор 1-й ступени Веги, ну и диаметр тот же. И таки да, монолитные, конечно.

На Веге P80. P120 предназначался для Веги-С.

Да, действительно. Это я сильно загрубил.

ЦитироватьThe German government agreed to take a 7 percent stake in Vega — about 15 million euros — but a 23 percent share of the P120 program, an investment of about 147 million euros, putting Germany on par with Italy as a program contributor.

The P120 stage, in addition to being the enhanced Vega's first stage, will serve as strap-on boosters for the Ariane 6 — two boosters for the Ariane 62 version, and four for each Ariane 64.

In the coming years Vega is forecasted to reach a flight rate of perhaps three launches per year. European governments have guaranteed they will furnish five satellites per year for Ariane 6, and the Ariane 6 business model presumes that it will be able to find six commercial missions, for a total of 11.

At that launch rate, 37 P120 stages would be purchased each year for the combined Vega and Ariane 6 programs.

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
Отчего европейцы никак не успокоятся, все лепят и лепят новые ракеты
Не зря хлеб едят!
сколько они за последние 25 лет ракет сделали?
Прямо как наш МИТ

ЦитироватьCNES's Le Gall: Ariane 5 sells for EUR 150 (~$185M) & costs ~ EUR 170M. Govts cover shortfall. Ariane 64 to cost ~ EUR 90M, nearly 50% less.

ЦитироватьFr space agency CNES: Current design of Ariane 6 has performance at 10,900kg to GTO w/ 500kg margin to deorbit upper stage per French law.

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
Зачем они от нее вообще отказываются

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
Зачем они от нее вообще отказываются

Негибкая. На ней не выгодно осуществлять одиночные запуски КА.
Дорогие СТУ - для их изготовления приходится содержать завод ТТ в Куру. Новые ускорители дешевле, т.к. унифицированы с 1-й ступенью Веги и делаются на заводе в Италии.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
Зачем они от нее вообще отказываются

Негибкая. На ней не выгодно осуществлять одиночные запуски КА.
Дорогие СТУ - для их изготовления приходится содержать завод ТТ в Куру. Новые ускорители дешевле, т.к. унифицированы с 1-й ступенью Веги и делаются на заводе в Италии.

ЦитироватьАнтон пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьKR пишет:
Зачем они от нее вообще отказываются

Негибкая. На ней не выгодно осуществлять одиночные запуски КА.
Дорогие СТУ - для их изготовления приходится содержать завод ТТ в Куру. Новые ускорители дешевле, т.к. унифицированы с 1-й ступенью Веги и делаются на заводе в Италии.

разве? Они же вроде должны быть мощнее 1-й ступени Веги

ЦитироватьKR пишет:

Представим что ариан живет у нас
Будем делать новую потому что не гибкая.... все бы громко смеялись.

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:
На надо передергивать. Из ее негибкости следуют вполне реальные субсидии, без которых она летать не может. Еврокомиссия на высочайшем уровне задала политическую задачу: субсидии прекратить. Поскольку негибкость здесь как кол в горле, с ней пришлось разобраться.

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:

ЦитироватьKR пишет:

Представим что ариан живет у нас
Будем делать новую потому что не гибкая.... все бы громко смеялись.

На надо передергивать. Из ее негибкости следуют вполне реальные субсидии, без которых она летать не может. Еврокомиссия на высочайшем уровне задала политическую задачу: субсидии прекратить. Поскольку негибкость здесь как кол в горле, с ней пришлось разобраться.

ЦитироватьKR пишет:

ЦитироватьПетр Зайцев пишет:

ЦитироватьKR пишет:

Представим что ариан живет у нас
Будем делать новую потому что не гибкая.... все бы громко смеялись.

На надо передергивать. Из ее негибкости следуют вполне реальные субсидии, без которых она летать не может. Еврокомиссия на высочайшем уровне задала политическую задачу: субсидии прекратить. Поскольку негибкость здесь как кол в горле, с ней пришлось разобраться.

т.е. оплату производства и пуска назвать субсидиями и сказать что это плохо. Известный приемчик.
Разработку новой РН, на какое кол-во пусков с субсидиями можно развернуть?
Нет причина не в этом. Тут скорее забота об отрасли, кормление. Если под это можно провести некоторую оптимизацию, то почему нет.

Цитироватьsilentpom пишет:
Уважаемые знатоки. Может кто нить пояснить такой момент - утверждается, что РН станет дешевле, потому что можно закрыть завод, который делал бустеры для пятого и использовать бустер от будущей улучшенной веги, который делают итальянцы. Но я посмотрел историю пусков веги - у меня пальцев больше. За счет чего тут будет улучшение? Или они очень надеются на то, что вега будет очень востребована?

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

Цитироватьsilentpom пишет:
Уважаемые знатоки. Может кто нить пояснить такой момент - утверждается, что РН станет дешевле, потому что можно закрыть завод, который делал бустеры для пятого и использовать бустер от будущей улучшенной веги, который делают итальянцы. Но я посмотрел историю пусков веги - у меня пальцев больше. За счет чего тут будет улучшение? Или они очень надеются на то, что вега будет очень востребована?

Они надеются, что производство РДТТ в Европе будет дешевле, плюс за счет Веги себестоимость будет немного ниже.

Цитироватьsilentpom пишет:
За счет того, что не надо отдельный завод держать. Но я бы понял, если бы этих вег делали штук по 10 в год, а они запускаются по одной

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
...а начиналось все очень просто. Стоял вопрос, что ракетное КБ французского космического агентства в Тулузе надо либо закрывать (потому что все проектные работы по Ариан-5МЕ выполнялись на уровне промышленности), либо придумывать им новую работу.
Придумали Ариан-6.

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
...а начиналось все очень просто. Стоял вопрос, что ракетное КБ французского космического агентства в Тулузе надо либо закрывать (потому что все проектные работы по Ариан-5МЕ выполнялись на уровне промышленности), либо придумывать им новую работу.
Придумали Ариан-6.

ЦитироватьАнтон пишет:

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
...а начиналось все очень просто. Стоял вопрос, что ракетное КБ французского космического агентства в Тулузе надо либо закрывать (потому что все проектные работы по Ариан-5МЕ выполнялись на уровне промышленности), либо придумывать им новую работу.
Придумали Ариан-6.

Тогда бы придумали им создание ракеты среднего класса

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьАнтон пишет:

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
...а начиналось все очень просто. Стоял вопрос, что ракетное КБ французского космического агентства в Тулузе надо либо закрывать (потому что все проектные работы по Ариан-5МЕ выполнялись на уровне промышленности), либо придумывать им новую работу.
Придумали Ариан-6.

Тогда бы придумали им создание ракеты среднего класса

Ариан-62 и есть средняя. На замену Союзу.

ЦитироватьАнтон пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьАнтон пишет:

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
...а начиналось все очень просто. Стоял вопрос, что ракетное КБ французского космического агентства в Тулузе надо либо закрывать (потому что все проектные работы по Ариан-5МЕ выполнялись на уровне промышленности), либо придумывать им новую работу.
Придумали Ариан-6.

Тогда бы придумали им создание ракеты среднего класса

Ариан-62 и есть средняя. На замену Союзу.

Ариан 6-2 скорее между средней и тяжелой находится

ЦитироватьBogdan Bogdan пишет:
Фантазеры эти европейцы.
Планируется потратить 4 млрд евро на новую одноразовую ракету, чтобы снизить стоимость запуска на 50млн евро.
При идеальном сценарии разница в стоимости окупится за 80 запусков. При частоте 10 запусков в год (20 врядли) это 8 лет. При том что первая ракета полетит года через 3, то к тому времени (десятиелетие спустя) пока она окупится уже SpaceX снизит стоимость запуска раза в 2 точно, используя повторно первые ступени. Да и технологии уже будут другие в ходу - метановые движки перспективны.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьАнтон пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьАнтон пишет:

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
...а начиналось все очень просто. Стоял вопрос, что ракетное КБ французского космического агентства в Тулузе надо либо закрывать (потому что все проектные работы по Ариан-5МЕ выполнялись на уровне промышленности), либо придумывать им новую работу.
Придумали Ариан-6.

Тогда бы придумали им создание ракеты среднего класса

Ариан-62 и есть средняя. На замену Союзу.

Ариан 6-2 скорее между средней и тяжелой находится

Вот и заменит Союз играючи.

ЦитироватьArianespace: We're studying Ariane 6 design w/ 6 strap-ons for extra perfo to geo transfer orbit, for dual launches of 2 heavy telecom sats.

ЦитироватьArianespace: 6-booster Ariane 6 wld get perfo to 12,000-13,000kg to GTO (v 10,000kg for Ariane 64 version). But only prelim studies now.

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет:

ЦитироватьArianespace: 6-booster Ariane 6 wld get perfo to 12,000-13,000kg to GTO (v 10,000kg for Ariane 64 version). But only prelim studies now.

https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/603581028184260609

Цитировать http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-33006056
....The recovered engines and avionics could then be serviced and readied for the next launch.
Herve Gilibert, a chief technical officer at Airbus Defence and Space, told BBC News that Ariane engines could be re-flown perhaps 10-20 times.
"We have the conviction that we will generate savings for one given launch on the order of 20-30%, which will make us highly competitive.
"Naturally, there is a penalty in the performance of the rocket overall because mass is being taken up only to be flown back down again. But Mr Gilibert said this was maybe as little as 10%.....

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет:
2025 год это невероятно резко  :)

ЦитироватьРазъём пишет:

ЦитироватьЛютич пишет:
...а начиналось все очень просто. Стоял вопрос, что ракетное КБ французского космического агентства в Тулузе надо либо закрывать (потому что все проектные работы по Ариан-5МЕ выполнялись на уровне промышленности), либо придумывать им новую работу.
Придумали Ариан-6.

- ракетное КБ французского космического агентства в Тулузе - это ваши фантазии
- "работы по Ариан-5МЕ выполнялись на уровне промышленности" но заказчиком и соисполнителем были КНЕС/ЕКА
- а вот разработку Ариан-6 взяло на себя полностью СП Airbus/Safran, оставив без работы (почти) совместную Дирекцию по РН КНЕС/ЕКА в Париже
... не смотрите телевизор и внимательней читаете газеты :-)

Цитироватьhttp://spaceflightnow.com/2015/06/24/ariane-6-rockets-to-be-assembled-horizontally/

The Ariane 6 pad will be built at a former quarry a few miles north of the existing Ariane 5 launch complex. The site is already partially excavated and filled with water, reducing the amount of work needed to dig a basin for the Ariane 6's flame trench.

Цитировать2015-07-18. ЕКА одобрила финансирование ракет Ариан 6 и Вега.

Европейское космическое агентство одобрило выделение 4.6 млрд. долл на контракты по разработке и освоению производства ракет-носителей семейства Ариан 6. Кроме этого, в агентстве, одобрили выделение финансирования на дальнейшее развитие ракеты Вега. Целью последней инвестиции является увеличение ее энергоэффективности.

 Контракты на разработку Ариан 6 будут подписаны в августе этого года и их размер будет составлять 3.215 млрд. евро (из них 400 выделит индустрия). Сроки первого пуска новой ракеты составят 2019-2020 годы. Основные затраты, в виде 600 млн. евро на создание наземной космической инфраструктуры, возьмет на себя Французское космическое агентство. РН Ариан 6 будет иметь горизонтальную сборку, что должно уменьшить стоимость пуска.

 Контракты на модернизацию ракеты Вега составляют 370 млн. евро. Первый пуск намечен на 2018 год. В контракте на модернизацию основную долю составляет финансирование работ по первой ступени (225 млн. евро). Предполагается, также, что эта ступень будет использоваться в качестве бокового ускорителя на РН Ариан 6.

 Основными странами, участниками проектов будут являться Франция и Германия, которые финансируют работы на 75 процентов. Основным показателем качества новых систем выбрана низкая стоимость пуска.

ЦитироватьSam Grey пишет:
Эйрбас резко проснулся и начал что-то делать.

"Airbus Defense & Space unveils Adeline 3.2, a reusable rocket concept that returns the expensive bits (propulsion bay/engine) to runway landing.

Airbus rocket-reuse concept immediately adaptable to Ariane 6 ; could fly as soon as 2025. Demonstrator already underway, has flown M1.58.

Demo to drop from exoatmosphere, lower fuselage, wings to reach M6. Adeline demonstrator 2.0, 2.1, has flown eight times @ 300kph; A small scale mockup was wind-tunnel tested at M1.58."

ЦитироватьZOOR пишет:
Считайте http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/forum/messages/forum14/topic9743/message1395008/#message1395008

Цитироватьsilentpom пишет:
спасибо. получается 5-6 штук в год

ЦитироватьIn 1st for Europe, Ariane 6 will be integrated horizontally under ESA's EUR 600M ($660M) launch-base-production contract w/ CNES.

W/ today's contract Italy's ELV & Aviotoday's to produce 35 P120 motors per year: 4 Vega 1st stages, 31 A6 strap-on boosters.

ESA/industry sign EUR 2.4B ($2.7B) Ariane 6 development, launch 2020; EUR 395M for upgraded Vega, launch 2018, EUR 600M for A6 launch pad.

ЦитироватьAriane 6 can loft a payload mass of 5–10.5 tonnes in equivalent geostationary transfer orbit.

далее:


 The A62, with two P120 solid boosters, will be used mainly in single-launch configurations, while the A64 – with four P120 solids – will enable double launch of medium-class satellites over 4.5–5 t, mainly for commercial market needs

ЦитироватьАлександр Ч. пишет:
О как! Ариан 6 будут собирать горизонтально. Где Старый?  ;)

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:
Так чего, оказывается по максимальной ПН Ариана-6 не будет уступать нынешней Ариане-5ЕСА?

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:
Здесь! В чём дело? ;)

ЦитироватьАлександр Ч. пишет:

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:
Здесь! В чём дело?  ;)  

Вспоминает чего это было больше месяца назад... А! Наверное это по поводу, что нормальные ракеты на старте вертикально собирают!?  :D  
Хотя маловероятно, скорее все таки по поводу ПН.

ЦитироватьIn return for funding Ariane 6, European governments insisted that the annual price support payments they make to Arianespace to keep it from losing money — 100 million euros per year on average — cease once the new rocket is operational. A first launch is scheduled for 2020, with a three-year phase-out of Ariane 5 to follow.
 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155485.jpg) (http://spacenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ariane64.jpg)Artist's concept of the Ariane 64. Credit: CNES
Europe's rocket industry in turn has won greater autonomy in the operations and production of Ariane 6. Ariane 5 prime contractor Airbus Safran Launchers at the end of this year will purchase the 34.7 percent of Arianespace equity now owned by the French space agency, CNES.
European governments have agreed to guarantee Arianespace at least five Ariane 6 satellite launches per year, and three Vega C launches. Arianespace, Airbus Safran Launchers and the rest of the Ariane and Vega industrial team will then be on their own in the larger commercial market in terms of prices, profit and loss.
But some details remain to be worked out, especially who is responsible for the unforeseen spending that will accompany an Ariane 6 failure, investigation, down time and eventual return to flight.
"That is not entirely clear at this point," Israel said.
SpaceX has made reuse of the Falcon 9 rocket's first stage a high priority, a decision that Europe's launch sector has not made.
Israel said Arianespace's initial assessment is that a rocket would need to launch 30 times per year to close the business case for a reusable stage given the cost in energy of returning the stage, refurbishment and the fact that reuse means a smaller production run and thus higher per-unit costs.
"We will never be launching 30 times per year," Israel said, and for now Arianespace is preserving all its rocket's propellant to carry payloads into orbit, and none to return a stage or the engines.
In keeping with France's Law on Space Operations, however, Arianespace will be forced to load the Ariane 6 cryogenic upper stage with sufficient fuel to complete its satellite delivery mission and then to lower its orbit to permit a controlled re-entry into the atmosphere.
The current Ariane 5 costs 150-170 million euros to build and launch. Ariane 6's cost goal is 90 million euros, or $100.3 million at current exchange rates. It would be sold for $120 million per launch, with two satellite customers per launch of the heavier Ariane 64 version. A $60 million price per customer, Israel said, is close enough to what SpaceX charges today, although he said the company has shown it is able to price below that level.
While the Arianespace-SpaceX competition is a focus of the commercial satellite industry, the SpaceX-United Launch Alliance battle for U.S. Defense Department business is even fiercer. It is not just the volume of U.S. military orders that launch vehicles can expect or the higher prices that rockets can charge, it is also the way the U.S. military pays for its launches, Israel said. There is much more up-front cash compared with the commercial market.
Israel said he is not worried about India's new geostationary launch vehicle for the moment beyond the fact that it will take away some Indian government business from Arianespace.
Similarly, he said China will not be a competitive threat to Arianespace so long as the U.S. government maintains its ban on the export to China of U.S.-built satellite parts. The ban, collectively known as the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, has kept out of Arianespace's way a formidable competitor with a large domestic market, he said.

ЦитироватьКоля Наумов пишет:
интересные картинки на Википедии, на англоязычной
 Adeline (Advanced Expendable Launcher with Innovative engine Economy) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeline_%28rocket%29)
 Ariane 6 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_6)

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:

               
                  

Цитировать(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/196124.png)
Description    
English: Both variants of Ariane 6: with two (left) and four (right) solid rocket boosters.
Polski: Obydwie wersje Ariane 6: z dwoma oraz czterema rakietami bocznymi.
Français : Les deux versions proposées d'Ariane 6 en décembre 2014 : Ariane 62 à gauche et Ariane 64 à droite.
Date    7 June 2015
Source    Own work
Author    SkywalkerPL

ЦитироватьХотя может это и к лучшему, при случае есть куда удлинять.

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:
Коротковаты ускорители.
Хотя может это и к лучшему, при случае есть куда удлинять.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Это версия от декабря 2014 года.

А не 2015-го?

ЦитироватьDesign Evolves in 2015

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/234805.jpg) (http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/a64iso.jpg)

Ariane 64 Design as of November 2015

In early November, 2015, Airbus-Safran released drawings that showed a fatter, shorter Ariane 6.  The core diameter had increased to 5.4 meters, the same diameter as the payload fairing and the same as Ariane 5.   The fatter core had reduced overall vehicle height to 60 meters, which would make it only slightly taller than Ariane 5.  A single Vulcain V2.1 was identified as the core stage propulsion.

The strap on solid rocket motors were identified as P120C motors.   Their nose fairings were elongated and they tapered in toward the core stage intertank section, another change from earlier plans.

Liftoff mass for Ariane 62 was given as "~500 tonnes" and for Ariane 64 as "~800 tonnes".

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:

http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/ariane6.html

ЦитироватьDesign Evolves in 2015
       Ariane 64 Design as of November 2015    In early November, 2015, Airbus-Safran released drawings that showed a fatter, shorter Ariane 6.  The core diameter had increased to 5.4 meters, the same diameter as the payload fairing and the same as Ariane 5.   The fatter core had reduced overall vehicle height to 60 meters, which would make it only slightly taller than Ariane 5.  A single Vulcain V2.1 was identified as the core stage propulsion.    The strap on solid rocket motors were identified as P120C motors.   Their nose fairings were elongated and they tapered in toward the core stage intertank section, another change from earlier plans.   Liftoff mass for Ariane 62 was given as "~500 tonnes" and for Ariane 64 as "~800 tonnes".

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:

 http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/ariane6.html

ЦитироватьDesign Evolves in 2015
    Ariane 64 Design as of November 2015 In early November, 2015, Airbus-Safran released drawings that showed a fatter, shorter Ariane 6. The core diameter had increased to 5.4 meters, the same diameter as the payload fairing and the same as Ariane 5. The fatter core had reduced overall vehicle height to 60 meters, which would make it only slightly taller than Ariane 5. A single Vulcain V2.1 was identified as the core stage propulsion. The strap on solid rocket motors were identified as P120C motors. Their nose fairings were elongated and they tapered in toward the core stage intertank section, another change from earlier plans. Liftoff mass for Ariane 62 was given as "~500 tonnes" and for Ariane 64 as "~800 tonnes".

Следующий этап - размещение СТУ не по схеме "+" а по схеме "х". Тогда можно попытатьсся использовать СК от Ариан-5 и из двух сопел СТУ на старте "дуть" в дыру от Р241  :D  

Цитироватьfagot пишет:

Формально и официально - повысили гибкость применения за счет варьирования числа ускорителей и снижают стоимость всех элементов. Хотя есть мнение, что это только предлог для разработки нового носителя, дабы не засыхали мозги. Некоторые считают такую деятельность попилом.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет: 
Переход на мотанные композитные СТУ позволит делать их в Европе, что позволит закрыть завод по изготовлению СТУ в Гвиане, что, говорят, заметно дешевле.

ЦитироватьЗЫ, Имхо, было бы проще сразу оставить нынешнюю EPC и просто "баловаться" СТУ. Затраты на разработку были бы гораздо меньше.

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
The core diameter had increased to 5.4 meters, the same diameter as the payload fairing and the same as Ariane 5. The fatter core had reduced overall vehicle height to 60 meters, which would make it only slightly taller than Ariane 5.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Переход на мотанные композитные СТУ позволит делать их в Европе, что позволит закрыть завод по изготовлению СТУ в Гвиане, что, говорят, заметно дешевле.

Цитироватьsilentpom пишет:
новый ускоритель будут делать в Италии на существующем производстве, а завод на экваторе, который больше не нужен, закроют.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  3 ч.3 часа назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/692741436710731777)  
Airbus Safran Launchers' Charmeau: Ariane 6 to be integrated horizontally, unlike Ariane 5. Multiple advantages.  
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/159254.png)  

 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  3 ч.3 часа назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/692737726299398144)  
Airbus Safran Launchers, now 400 people, to be ~8,000 w/in a year. Here's how CEO Alain Charmeau describes it.
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/159260.png)

ЦитироватьAirbus Safran Launchers: 1st Ariane 6 batch contract bid by end-year
by Peter B. de Selding (http://spacenews.com/author/peter-b-de-selding/) — January 29, 2016
 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155583.jpg)
Alain Charmeau, chief executive of Airbus Safran Launchers, said the first Ariane 6 rocket, horizontally integrated and priced 40-50% less than Ariane 5, is on track for a 2020 launch. CREDIT: Airbus Safran Launchers
 
KOUROU, French Guiana – The company designing Europe's next-generation Ariane 6 rocket – to be integrated horizontally, not vertically as previous Ariane vehicles — expects to submit a firm, fixed-price bid for a first batch of rockets by the end of this year, the company's chief executive said Jan. 28.
Alain Charmeau, chief executive of Airbus Safran Launchers (ASL), said 2016 is the key transition year for his company, which remains a work in progress. Formed in 2015, ASL has been given broad leeway to reorganize Europe's launcher sector to assure that Ariane 6 is ready for an inaugural flight in 2020 and able to compete on price and performance with SpaceX of the United States.
Briefing reporters, Charmeau said ASL remains on track to meet both objectives but has no time to lose. In particular, he said a review of the tax consequences to Airbus of an expected payment by Safran of 800 million euros ($873 million) to offset in-kind Airbus contributions to ASL must be resolved within a couple of months to avoid any impact on the Ariane 6 schedule.
But that is only one of several milestones that Charmeau said must be reached so that the company "is able to put a firm offer on the table, by the end of 2016, for the first batch of Ariane 6 vehicles."
Airbus and the Arianespace commercial launch consortium, in which Airbus will have a 74 percent stake once the European Commission clears the sale of French government Arianespace shares to Airbus, would negotiate an Ariane 6 production order.
Charmeau said the transaction for Airbus Safran Launchers to purchase the French government's 35 percent Arianespace share was submitted to the European Commission in early January, with approval expected by late February. ASL and the French space agency, CNES, negotiated a price of 150 million euros
The French government's Official Journal on Jan. 22 said the French research, economics and defense ministries have approved the transaction.
Airbus's tax concerns has already delayed the full formation of ASL, which was supposed to have integrated a total of 8,000 former Airbus and Safran employees by Jan. 1. Charmeau said the one-month schedule slip is not enough to undermine the 2020 first-launch date, but that the issue must be resolved before April to avoid production delays.
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155582.gif)
"This is a non-negligible event," Charmeau said. "You'll have 8,000 people whose employment contracts are going to change. We have 400 now, leaving 7,600 who are knocking on our door to get in. It's only normal that they want to be a part of an ambitious new program like Ariane 6."
What happens to Arianespace once ASL becomes the dominant shareholder remains a subject of speculation.
In a Jan. 27 interview here, Arianespace Chief Executive Stephane Israel said he expects ASL to abide by previous statements that it will maintain Arianespace as a separate commercial entity outside ASL, retain Arianespace's Evry, France, headquarters and its offices in Washington, Tokyo and Singapore.
Israel said ASL has guaranteed in its submission to the European Commission that "a Chinese Wall will be created between ASL and Arianespace on the one hand, and Airbus's satellite division on the other. That is indispensable; everybody understands it," Israel said.
Israel was echoing fears of rival satellite builders that ASL and Arianespace would leak to Airbus's satellite division confidential information delivered by other satellite builders in the course of Ariane launch contract negotiations.
Charmeau said a closer integration of Arianespace and ASL should create "synergies and efficiencies," which in some industrial contexts is a polite language for work-force reductions. Charmeau did not discuss the future employment picture at Arianespace or at ASL once the reorganization was complete.
"Rearranging the [Arianespace] shareholder structure is not the goal," Charmeau said. "The goal is a rapprochement of the two companies so that we can work better together and give ASL a better sense of where the market is going."
ASL has promised European governments and commercial satellite operators that Ariane 6 will be priced 40-50 percent less than today's Ariane 5 in return for a guarantee of five European government satellite missions, on average, per year.
Once Safran's payment to Airbus and ASL's Arianespace share purchase is completed, ASL's focus is a mid-year Ariane 6 review by the European Space Agency (ESA).
ASL and ESA in August signed a 2.4-billion-euro Ariane 6 development contract following ESA governments' general approval of the program in December 2014.
But these governments asked to review a formal progress report – a Program Implementation Review — in mid-2016 before freeing up the balance of the financing to complete Ariane 6 development through to the inaugural flight.
Charmeau said ASL would submit to ESA, in June, "a guarantee of the design and production cost of all services associated with Ariane 6. We then expect a decision by ESA in September."
Officials from ESA and from the French space agency, CNES, have been kept in the loop on Ariane 6 progress, and it's CNES that is prime contractor for building the Ariane 6 launch facility here at Europe's Guiana Space Center.
One key decision was whether to turn away from nearly 40 years of Ariane rocket history and integrate Ariane 6 horizontally. Charmeau said that decision is now firm and affords multiple advantages.
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155591.gif)
"It allows us to move more quickly, both in the design and production phases, and to adapt to potentially higher production levels while reducing operating costs," Charmeau said. He said that European engineers for the past five years have had first-hand experience with horizontal integration with the Europeanized Russian Soyuz rocket, which is launched here.
The current production rate is expected to be 12 Ariane 6 rocket cores per year. The vehicle uses cryogenic engines for its main stage and upper stages and either two or four solid-propellant strap-on boosters, depending on mission requirements.
The four-booster variant, called Ariane 64, will be the main commercial workhorse for launching telecommunications satellites, two at a time, into geostationary transfer orbit.
The current Ariane 5 rocket will be operated alongside Ariane 6 between 2020 and 2023, after which Ariane 5 will be retired after 27 years of operations.
Charmeau said ASL expects to build 20 Ariane 6 rockets before the end of 2023.

ЦитироватьAriane 6 designers say they'll beat SpaceX prices on per-kilogram basis
by Peter B. de Selding (http://spacenews.com/author/peter-b-de-selding/) — April 6, 2016
  (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155607.jpg)
Ariane 6 rocket development managers say they are more confident than ever that the vehicle will debut as scheduled in 2020 and will match or beat the price points for today's SpaceX Falcon 9 Upgrade rocket. Credit: ASL  
 
LES MUREAUX, France – Europe's next-generation Ariane 6 rocket remains on track for a 2020 first launch with a cost structure allowing the heavier Ariane 64 version to advertise per-kilogram prices below today's Space X Falcon 9, European government and industry officials said April 6.
They said they saw no roadblocks to the 2020 first-flight date despite what they described as noncritical delays that have no impact on the rocket's design, performance or cost targets.
These issues include a delay of several months in the ramp-up of Airbus Safran Launchers (ASL), which is the Ariane 6 prime contractor, due to tax issues in France, and an extended antitrust review by the European Commission of ASL's plan to become the dominant shareholder of the Arianespace commercial launch consortium.
Addressing a press briefing here at Airbus Safran Launchers' production site, ASL Chief Executive Alain Charmeau said he expected the expected transfer of cash fr om Safran to Airbus to occur before the end of April.
Airbus and Safran had agreed that Safran would pay Airbus 800 million euros ($874 million) in cash, in addition to its rocket-engine manufacturing capability, to become a 50-50 ASL shareholder with Airbus.
Airbus officials since the beginning of the year have been negotiating with French tax authorities to determine how to minimize the tax bite of the cash transfer, which industry officials could be as high as 500 million euros, leaving Airbus with a net of just 300 million euros.
Delays in the cash transfer have meant that ASL, which is expected to count 8,000 employees, has been operating with only around 400 employees. In addition, it has made it difficult for the initial ASL team to present a fixed-price Ariane 6 production proposal to the 22-nation European Space Agency, which is financing the majority of Ariane 6 development.
Charmeau and other officials attending the briefing said there has been positive movement on the tax issue in recent days and that a late-April conclusion appeared possible.
ASL then will provide its Ariane 6 cost proposal – Charmeau called it a "fixed price with variations" – by the end of April. Negotiations on the details will follow, after which ESA will conduct a scheduled Program Implementation Review.
"We will agree with ESA on an escalation formula [in contract pricing] in order to update the prices according to certain criteria between now and the end of the development phase," Charmeau said. "It's an inflation computation."
ESA will submit its conclusions of its review, which its governments had ordered as a condition of releasing the full complement of Ariane 6 funding — to the agency's Ariane 6 participating nations in time for a decision by ESA's ruling council on Sept. 13.
The European Commission, which is the executive arm of the 28-nation European Union, has already approved ASL's formation with several minor caveats. But ASL's proposal to purchase the 35 percent stake in Arianespace now held by the French government faces a deeper review.
The commission has said the review is likely to end, possibly with requirements that ASL must meet, by mid-July.
Airbus officials in the past have referred to the creation of ASL, the signing of the ESA Ariane 6 contract and the de facto takeover of Arianespace as an indivisible package indispensable for the success of the Ariane 6 project.
Charmeau repeated this assessment during the briefing, but said that the commission's antitrust investigation "will have no effect" on the Ariane 6 design and contract schedule, assuming that the review is finished by September.
The commission is looking at whether Arianespace's minority shareholders, who are Ariane 6 contractors, will be protected once Airbus Safran Launchers raises its Arianespace shareholding to 74 percent fr om today's 39 percent.
The commission is also reviewing concerns expressed by satellite builders that Airbus, which is a major manufacturer of commercial satellites, might give its own satellites preferential treatment in setting the Ariane 6 manufest.
Ariane 6 comes in two versions. The Ariane 62 has two solid-fueled strap-on boosters, which also serve as the first stage of Europe's Vega small-satellite launcher, and is capable of placing a 5,000-kilogram satellite into geostationary transfer orbit.
The Ariane 64 carries four strap-on boosters and can place satellites weighing a combined 10,500 kilograms into that orbit, which is wh ere most commercial telecommunications satellites operate.
Patrick Bonguet, Ariane 6 program head at ASL, said Ariane 6 is keeping to its promise of reducing per-kilogram launch prices by 40-50 percent compared to today's Ariane 5.
The goal, as it was in the beginning, is to complete with Hawthorne, California-based SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket. "Ariane 6 will have twice the mass and twice the volume of the Falcon 9, at less than twice the price," Bonguet said.
SpaceX's Falcon 9 Upgrade recently demonstrated its ability to carry a 5,300-kilogram telecommunications satellite to geostationary transfer orbit by stretching its capacity to the lim it.
Bonguet was referring to a fully loaded Ariane 6, with 10,500 kilograms of satellite payload, and comparing that launch's price to today's Falcon 9, which typically carries just one geostationary-orbit satellite per launch.
SpaceX prices are typically around $60 million per commercial launch. By the time the Ariane 6 enters service – the initial launch in mid-2020 is scheduled to lead to the full cadence of 11-12 missions per year by 2023 – SpaceX plans to be reusing its Falcon 9 first stage on a regular basis.
SpaceX has said reusing the stage should allow them to reduce Falcon 9 prices by around 30 percent.

ЦитироватьAriane 6 designers say they'll beat SpaceX prices on per-kilogram basis

Цитироватьоктоген пишет:

ЦитироватьAriane 6 designers say they'll beat SpaceX prices on per-kilogram basis

Забористая трава выросла у них  :D  

ЦитироватьThe goal, as it was in the beginning, is to complete with Hawthorne, California-based SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket. "Ariane 6 will have twice the mass and twice the volume of the Falcon 9, at less than twice the price," Bonguet said. 
SpaceX's Falcon 9 Upgrade recently demonstrated its ability to carry a 5,300-kilogram telecommunications satellite to geostationary transfer orbit by stretching its capacity to the lim it.

ЦитироватьAirbus Safran Launchers aims for 'the discipline of the flow' in Ariane 6 integration
by Peter B. de Selding (http://spacenews.com/author/peter-b-de-selding/) — April 7, 2016
  (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155608.jpg)
The skyline of Europe's Guiana Space Center spaceport is likely to change when Ariane 6, to be horizontally integrated, replaces the vertically integrated Ariane 5 in 2023. Shown here is the 83-meter-tall Ariane 5 Final Assembly Building. Credit: CNES  
 
LES MUREAUX. France – Europe's rocket industry has gone 40 years by integrating its Ariane rockets vertically and then rolling them out by rail, upright, to the launch pad. That is about to end.
The historical practice has produced the Final Assembly Building at Europe's Guiana Space Center, an 83-meter-high steel structure.
But following a decision by Airbus Safran Launchers (ASL) and the European Space Agency, the future Ariane 6 rocket will be assembled horizontally as a cost-saving measure.
Patrick Bonguet, head of Ariane 6 development at ASL, described some of the benefits of the change on April 6 during a press briefing at ASL's facility here. Here are excerpts fr om his remarks.
"We are now in this mindset transformation, wh ere people don't now see all the benefits. For horizontal integration, the buildings are much more simple. There are no cranes and no hazardous moving operations. It also permits a good growth potential since it's the kind of building you can expand.
"But the main benefit from horizontal integration is that the process is better able to support people. With vertical operations, people are alone on their platform at 20, 50 or 60 meters high. Nobody sees them. If they have a problem they have to call someone, or to go down and look for equipment or documentation.
"With horizontal, everything is visible. The second main interest, which is not so obvious immediately, is that it allows the creation of a production flow through a moving line. This creates a sense of urgency in the production. You do not just stand there while there is a problem when you have several integration stands in parallel.
"When you have a problem on one stand, you work on another one and then do catch-up on the first one. This is the discipline of the flow. We expect this will result in direct savings, but also indirect savings by improving the way we work and the way we deal with quality issues, providing quicker support to the teams and driving the process improvement.
"I should add that we have decided not to bother our customers with this aspect, unlike some of our competitors. Customers don't much like having their spacecraft horizontal, then integrated onto the launcher and vibrating while going to the launch pad.
"They will be integrated as they are today – vertically. We put the fairing on them, and then at the last moment only are they put onto the launcher."

ЦитироватьSylvie Rouat ‏@srouat1  (https://twitter.com/srouat1) 2h ago (https://twitter.com/srouat1/status/723511325440249856)

Chantier de construction du pas de tir d'Ariane 6

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  10 ч.10 часов назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/727818040759431168)  
Airbus Safran Launchers submits fixed-price proposal for Ariane 6 rocket development to ESA. Negotiations til Jun.
 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/158294.jpg)

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  10 ч.10 часов назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/738325707089154048)  
Ruag Space wins Airbus Safran Launchers contract to design 20-mtr-long carbon-fiber Ariane 6 rocket fairing; 1st delivery for 2020 flight.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  
ESA, DLR chiefs contract for Ariane 6 upper stage test facility at DLR's Lampoldshausen site. Ops to start in 2018..
 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/158427.jpg)
  1:03 - 3 июн. 2016 г.  

ЦитироватьLAUNCHERS EVOLUTION PREPARATION PROGRAMMES

Ongoing contributions are being made to the Launcher Evolution Element Working Group meetings, programme proposals, draft declarations and Tender Evaluation Boards. Microlauncher internal studies started, with the Future Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP) industrial prime contractor now identified. FLPP CRONUS aluminium/lithium tank technology has been selected for the Ariane 6 upper stage.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  
CNES(2) signs EUR 200M ($222M) contract w/ Effage-led consortium for Ariane 6 launch site construction, delivery Oct 2018; 1st A6 late 2020.
  1:19 - 8 июл. 2016 г.

ЦитироватьWill the Ariane 6 rocket be competitive with SpaceX?
France is leading European governments' financing of the future Ariane 6 rocket, whose design goal is to be able to develop and launch a rocket for one-half the cost of the current Ariane 5. Ariane 6 is scheduled to make its inaugural flight in late 2020.
With principal competitor SpaceX of Hawthorne, California, developing a reusable Falcon 9 first stage and predicting substantial cost reductions, some in Europe – Le Gall included – have questioned whether Ariane 6 will not arrive too late.
"It's clear that if Ariane 6 were operating today it would be very competitive," Le Gall said. "The question is whether the price cuts you see in the market now – not only at [SpaceX] but in Russia with either new lower-cost rockets or established rockets redesigned for lower-cost operations – will continue."
Le Gall said it was not yet clear whether reusable launch vehicles would achieve their goal of further cutting launch costs. He suggested there was no urgency in developing a reusable rocket, and that the current state of Ariane 6 development has given designers more confidence that it will meet its design-to-cost goals.
"Today, given the objectives for Ariane 6, it seems the vehicle will be well-placed in the market. And if there is a further series of cost cuts in the market we'll evaluate that when we see it," Le Gall said.
Longer term, CNES has proposed to ESA a liquid oxygen/liquid methane engine called Prometheus, designed to cost one-tenth of the Ariane 5's Vulcain main-stage engine.
ESA Launcher Director Gaele Winters said the agency will propose to its governments in December a development program based on Prometheus.
CNES officials have said they are working with the German and Italian space agencies to craft a four-year, 125-million-euro Prometheus development that would end with a small demonstrator, called Callisto, in 2020.
For Ariane 6, CNES on July 8 signed a contract valued at 200 million euros with an industrial consortium led by France's Eiffage construction and engineering company for the Ariane 6 launch site's buildings.
The site is at Europe's Guiana Space Center spaceport on the northeast coast of South America next to existing Ariane 5, Soyuz and small-satellite-launch Vega facilities.
The Eiffage-led consortium, called Eclair6, includes Eiffage's Clemessy, SHE of Germany, Axima of France and ICOP of Italy.
The consortium has committed to completing by October 2018 the Ariane 6 launch pad and its two flame trenches, and the 90-meter-high, 6-million-kilogram mobile service gantry and the launcher assembly building.
CNES is under a 600-million-euro contract with ESA for the entire Ariane 6 launch installation. Jean-Marc Astorg, CNES's director of launchers, said the remaining 400 million euros would be spent on the Ariane 6 launch pad and the site's mechanical, electrical and fluid installations.

Selling CNES's Arianespace stake to Airbus Safran Launchers
CNES has agreed to sell its 35 percent stake in the Arianespace commercial launch consortium to Airbus Safran Launchers, the Ariane 5 and Ariane 6 prime contractor, for 150 million euros.
The sale has been put on hold pending a European Commission inquiry into whether Airbus Safran Launchers' control of Arianespace would result in anti-competitive discrimination against satellites not built by Airbus Defence and Space, and whether Arianespace's minority shareholders would be protected.
Le Gall expressed frustration with the slowness of the European Commission inquiry, now extended to mid-August, but said he had little doubt that the sale would be approved. Once the commission issues its ruling, he said, the formal sale of the CNES shares would occur "in a matter of weeks."

ЦитироватьСергио пишет:
тему по Ариан 5 не нашёл

Цитироватьche wi пишет:


 https://twitter.com/ASLaunchers/status/761108180784984066

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
"Пятёрка" - самая симпатичная

ЦитироватьLeonar пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
"Пятёрка" - самая симпатичная

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьLeonar пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
"Пятёрка" - самая симпатичная

А вот "это" - гуано.

ЦитироватьLeonar пишет: 
Тоже так считаю, но выглядит так же :-)

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
"Пятёрка" - самая симпатичная.
               
                  

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
"Отнюдь"! Энергия-М - это гоблин ракетного мира, а Ариан-5 - очень пропорциональная ракета.
               
                  

ЦитироватьСергей пишет:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
"Пятёрка" - самая симпатичная.
               
                  

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
"Отнюдь"! Энергия-М - это гоблин ракетного мира, а Ариан-5 - очень пропорциональная ракета.
               
                  

На вкус и цвет товарища нет... Мне лично больше нравится Ариан-6. Для меня длинные ТТУ всегда смотрятся криво, хотя я понимаю причины такого исполнения. Но все течет ,все меняется. Вместо секционного - кокон из КМ. Меньше удельный пассивный вес конструкции, больше коэффициент заполнения КС ТТ топливом, выше УИ из-за уменьшения внутри камерных потерь (даже при неизменном топливе) и т.д.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
Глядя на текущую итерацию Ариан-6 не могу не заметить нерациональность ее конструкции: безумно длинные конуса обтекателей ТТУ - чтобы дотянуться до верхнего пояса связей на МБО. И соответственно, появление самого МБО - куча паразитной массы.  :(

ЦитироватьESA gives final approval for Ariane 6; Airbus Safran Launchers now in control
by Peter B. de Selding (http://spacenews.com/author/peter-b-de-selding/) — September 13, 2016
  (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155512.jpg)
Outgoing European Space Agency Launcher Director Gaele Winters said the technical performance of Ariane 6 has been confirmed and that the remaining development funds would be released to prime contractor Airbus Safran Launchers in late October. Credit: ESA  
 
PARIS — The European Space Agency (ESA) on Sept. 13 gave final go-ahead for development of the next-generation Ariane 6 heavy-lift launch vehicle, confirming a rendezvous that many thought impossible when it was set in December 2014.
Meeting at ESA's headquarters here, the agency's ruling council approved the release of the second and final tranche of funds for Ariane 6, with the transfer of funds to Ariane 6 prime contractor Airbus Safran Launchers to occur in late October.
The contract's, whose financial contours have already been determined since its signature in August 2015, is for 2.4 billion euros ($2.7 billion) for the development of the Ariane 6 under Airbus Safran Launchers leadership.
A bit more than a quarter of that sum, 680 million euros, was paid out after the August 2015 signature. It is the remaining piece that was withheld pending a Program Implementation Review that ESA governments insisted on just to be sure they were not buying something they did not want. The funds' release will now be validated by ESA's Industrial Policy Committee, scheduled to meet in late October.
To these figures are added 600 million euros to be paid to the French space agency, CNES, to build the new Ariane 6 launch complex at Europe's Guiana Space Center on the northeast coast of South America.
Another 400 million euros is coming from the principal industrial contractors building Ariane 6.

ESA's Gaele Winters: Technical performance of Ariane 6 is clear
Gaele Winters, ESA's outgoing director of launchers — his last day on the job was Sept. 13 — said the Ariane 6 is on track both in its technical design, performance requirements and schedule.
In an interview, Winters said the vehicle is still scheduled to fly in 2020. The current thinking is that the existing Ariane 5 would be operated in parallel until 2023. But the precise Ariane 5 phase-out schedule will be the subject of what Winters called an Exploitation Verification Key Point, to occur by the end of 2017.

Government guaranteed launch rate to be discussed later
Also to be determined then is whether and how European governments will guarantee to Airbus Safran Launchers five contract per year. The company has said it needs this minimum government guarantee to close the business case.
Winters said several ESA governments remain concerned that their industry will not receive contracts corresponding to the amount of their governments' contributions to the Ariane 6 program. This issue, known at ESA as fair return or industrial return, is a pillar of ESA management.
Winters said he saw no serious issues there and that assuring the necessary return for all governments contributing to Ariane 6 will be part of the relatively easy adjustments to be made starting in 2017.
The biggest government customer for Europe's Arianespace launch consortium is not ESA but the European Commission, the executive arm of the 28-nation European Union.
It is the commission that owns Europe's biggest government space programs, the Galileo positioning, navigation and timing network and the Copernicus Earth observation system.
The commission is developing a space strategy for Europe that will not be published until late October. The consequences of this policy, and how to provide the Ariane 6 contractors a minimum annual government launches, will be a subject of debate starting in 2017.
Other details for Ariane 6 are not viewed as urgent but are nonetheless key to the program's ultimate success. For example, it is not yet clear who has what responsibility in the event of an Ariane 6 failure.
"We are in a development phase now, and topics like this need to be addressed for the exploitation phase," Winters said. "The exploitation review in late 2017 will treat aspects including the financial environment of the vehicle's exploitation and other topics that do not need to be handled now."
As a result of the Sept. 13 council decision, Ariane 6 will not be on the agenda for ESA governments when they meet in Switzerland in early December to discuss ESA's mid-term budget and policy direction.
Once the funding complement is released, CNES is expected to proceed with the sale of its 35 percent share of Arianespace to Airbus Safran Launchers, a transaction valued at about 150 million euros.
ESA will remain a "censor" on the Arianespace board of directors, keeping at least a symbolic government hand in the launcher business despite CNES's departure as an Arianespace shareholder.

ЦитироватьРене Пишель: ESA планирует сотрудничать с Россией в освоении Луны
09:26 21.09.2016
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/132510.jpg)
© Фото: ESA (http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2011/11/Rene_Pischel)

Сотрудничество России и Европейского космического агентства (ESA) насчитывает уже более 20 лет. В настоящее время ESA и госкорпорация "Роскосмос" вместе реализуют крупный амбициозный проект по изучению Красной планеты ExoMars. О создании новой европейской ракеты-носителя Ariane-6, которая придет на замену применяемой в настоящее время Ariane-5, планах России с весны 2017 года сократить количество членов экипажа на Международной космической станции (МКС) и перспективах дальнейшего сотрудничества с РФ по освоению Луны в интервью РИА Новости рассказал глава представительства Европейского космического агентства (ESA) в Москве Рене Пишель. Беседовал специальный корреспондент Александр Ковалев.

— ЕSA доверило контракт на разработку новой европейской ракеты-носителя Ariane-6 совместному предприятию Airbus и Safran Launchers. Сколько средств планируется выделить до 2020 года на эту ракету?

— Общая стоимость контрактов с европейской промышленностью на разработку носителя Ariane-6 превышает 2 миллиарда евро. Сюда входит и первый испытательный полет нового носителя в 2020 году. Кроме того, имеется и контракт с космическим агентством Франции (CNES) на разработку пусковой площадки и монтажно-испытательного корпуса для Ariane-6 на космодроме ESA во Французской Гвиане.

— Какими основными преимуществами должна обладать ракета-носитель Ariane-6 перед Ariane-5?

— Ariane-6 лучше отвечает завтрашним потребностям рынка пусковых услуг, потому что этот носитель будет обладать большей адаптируемостью к требованиям будущих космических миссий. При его производстве использованы новые технологии и методы организации работ. Все вместе это должно дать существенный выигрыш в стоимости доставки космических аппаратов на орбиту по сравнению с ракетой Ariane-5.

—  Будет ли выведен Ariane-5 из эксплуатации после испытаний Ariane-6?

— Да, именно так, носитель Ariane-6 создается как раз на замену Ariane-5. Эксплуатировать обе ракеты одновременно слишком дорого, тем более что многое при создании Ariane-6 мы переняли от Ariane-5. С другой стороны, не исключается некий переходный период.

— Планируется ли отказаться от российских "Союзов-СТ" на космодроме Куру после ввода в строй Ariane-6?
 
— Оператором "Союза" на Куру является компания Arianespaсe, поэтому этот вопрос лучше переадресовать им.

Цитировать https://twitter.com/plasmarmuse/status/780507817534820352
Florian Marmuse‏@plasmarmuse (https://twitter.com/plasmarmuse)
27 сент. 2016 г.
Presentation of #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) by @esa (https://twitter.com/esa).
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/158855.jpg)

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  10 ч.10 часов назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/783781871335243776)  
Ariane 5 is expected to fly until ~ 2023, assuming success of Ariane 6 starting in 2020, then 3 yrs of dual operations.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  6 ч.6 часов назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/784412334982922240)  
Germany's MT Aerospace & Donges to build Ariane 6 launch table/SRB transporters/umbilical mast/flame trench in EUR 23M contract w/ CNES.

ЦитироватьESA decision frees up full funding for Ariane 6 rocket
by Peter B. de Selding (http://spacenews.com/author/peter-b-de-selding/) — November 4, 2016
  (http://spacenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Neuenschwander_2.jpg)
European Space Agency Launcher Director Daniel Neuenschwander said the Nov. 3 decision by ESA's council paves the way for final Ariane 6 development funding to be released on Nov. 8. Credit: ESA  
 
PARIS — The European Space Agency's ruling council on Nov. 3 gave what should be the final endorsement needed to free up development funds for the next-generation Ariane 6 launch after a compromise on work shares between Italy and Germany.
The decision, which makes certain that both Germany and Italy will have production lines for the Ariane 6 solid-fueled strap-on booster segments — which also serve as the first stage of Europe's Vega C rocket in development — was unanimously adopted by the 12 nations participating in the Ariane 6 program.
With this decision, there should be nothing standing in the way of approval by ESA's Industrial Policy Committee, the last step before Airbus Safran Launchers, the company managing Ariane 6, receives a check from ESA for about 1.7 billion euros ($1.9 billion). That decision is expected on Nov. 8.
"I am very happy about this decision, which required a double two-thirds majority of the participating states," said Daniel Neuenschwander, ESA's director of launchers. "You can imagine there was a long discussion over the P120C motor casing work."

Booster casing issue with Italy and Germany
The P120C is the segment to be used as the Ariane 6 strap-on boosters and as the Vega C rocket's first stage.
As majority shareholder in the Vega program, Italy had been given the P120C production award, which is now handled by Avio SpA of Colleferro, Italy.
But Germany had said in 2014, when ESA governments gave their initial go-ahead for Ariane 6, that MT Aerospace of Augsburg, Germany — majority-owned by OHB SE of Bremen, Germany — was working on a better composite production technology for the casing.
ESA governments had agreed to consider a second P120 production line pending validation of the German claims.
Since then, Germany has pressured ESA governments to accept the second production line even without confirmation that the technology would deliver on its cost-saving promise.
Germany is the second-largest contributor to the Ariane 6 program, after France, but does not have a major share in the Vega program. It was therefore up to ESA to stitch together an agreement taking account of Germany's rights in Ariane 6, and Italy's rights in Vega, which are both tied to the P120C program.
In a Nov. 4 interview, Neuenschwander said the Nov. 3 agreement was reached on the assumption that the production cost savings of the German technology will compensate for the increased costs of opening a second production facility.
Neuenschwander agreed that "there is an element of redundancy" in setting up a second facility, but that this is not necessarily a bad thing. If the promised savings from the German production technology do not materialize, he said, "We will reassess this in 2018."

Final go-head on development funds set for Nov. 8
Neuenschwander said the Industrial Policy Committee decision on Nov. 8 is all but a foregone conclusion given the unanimity of the ESA council on Nov. 3.
In addition to the Ariane 6 development program and the P120C agreement, ESA's council approved the full development of the Ariane 6 launched installation at Europe's Guiana Space Center in French Guiana, on South America's northeast coast.
It is not European industry, but the French space agency, CNES, that is prime contractor for the Ariane 6 launch base. Construction has begun and CNES officials have said they will be on time for an inaugural launch of Ariane 6 in 2020.
As was the case with Airbus Safran Launchers, CNES was given only a first tranche of 178 million euros of its promised funding, with the remaining 422 million euros to be withheld until matters of geographic return on the entire Ariane 6 program were settled.
Airbus Safran Launchers had been paid 688 million euros of the 2.4 billion euros covering ESA's share of Ariane 6 development.
Neuenschwander said it should be only a matter of days after the Nov. 8 meeting until both CNES and Airbus Safran Launchers are paid the final tranches on their contracts.

Tough policy issues await in 2018
Not all issues surrounding Ariane 6 have been resolved, although the program will now enter full-scale production.
For example, the future role of ESA and European governments in maintaining Europe's spaceport and the Ariane 6 rocket has yet to be determined. Ariane 6 represents a departure from past European practice in that industry, led by Airbus Safran Launchers, has been given full responsibility for development.
In late  2017, ESA will conduct an Exploitation Readiness Key Point, which whose conclusions will be presented to ESA's council in March 2018. It is here that the future Ariane 6 role of ESA — and perhaps the European Commission as well — will be settled.
Among the issues: Who is financially responsible for the costs associated with a launch failure? What is the exact role of governments in the event the euro rises strongly against the U.S. dollar, compromising Ariane 6's competitiveness? Will ESA agree to return to the current practice of topping off launch-service provider Arianespace's annual revenue to assure it does not report a loss?

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/29242.jpg) DutchSpace ‏@DutchSpace  (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace)  3 ч.3 часа назад (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/794874659531608064)
So if you were wondering which country makes what for the new #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) here is a nice overview @AirbusDS_NL (https://twitter.com/AirbusDS_NL)
 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/159045.jpg)

ЦитироватьMax Andriyahov пишет:
С миру по нитке... Глобализация.

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Тут скорее всем сёстрвм по серьгам.  ;)

ЦитироватьMax Andriyahov пишет:
А Великобритания не участвует? У них своя национальная программа или вообще космоса нет?

ЦитироватьMax Andriyahov пишет:
А Великобритания не участвует? У них своя национальная программа или вообще космоса нет?

ЦитироватьSOE пишет:

ЦитироватьMax Andriyahov пишет:
А Великобритания не участвует? У них своя национальная программа или вообще космоса нет?

У них нет Чучхе.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  9 ч.9 часов назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/798130726822674433)  
Brigitte Zypries, German govt aerospace coordinator: Deal w/ Italy on co-production of Ariane 6/Vega boosters improves German geo return.
 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/159160.jpg)

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  5 ч.5 часов назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/803246667747229696)  
Sweden(2): Space minister Helene Hellmark Knutsson rejects Ariane 6 reusability-now demand, says wont propose it at Dec 1-2 ESA ministerial.
 
  (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185524.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  5 ч.5 часов назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/803245890806882304)  
Sweden(1): Liberal Party asks govt to quit Ariane 6 program unless it's made reusable, saying rocket cant compete w/ SpaceX otherwise.

ЦитироватьSweden(1): Liberal Party asks govt to quit Ariane 6 program unless it's made reusable, saying rocket cant compete w/ SpaceX otherwise.

ЦитироватьАриан-6 идет по краю и не решает всех проблем со стоимостью.

ЦитироватьMax Andriyahov пишет:
Многоразовость - это модно)

ЦитироватьMax Andriyahov пишет:

ЦитироватьАриан-6 идет по краю и не решает всех проблем со стоимостью.

и "обнуляется" шикарная статистика безаварийности Ариан-5. Все нарабатывать сначала

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет:
Хм... А что тут удивительного? Для того чтобы РН быть конкурентной в ближайшие пару десятков лет себестоимость железа нужно снизить раза в три, это если только какой нить выскочка не сделает носитель с кратностью использования тысячу раз... Ариан-6 идет по краю и не решает всех проблем со стоимостью.

ЦитироватьMax Andriyahov пишет:
по картинке - разве у шестерки такие бустеры? без примыкания верхушек к ЦБ?

ЦитироватьСергей пишет:
Оригинальная версия, поменяв два составных бустера на 2-6 коротких с лучшими характеристиками и технологичностью, уронили надежность РН..... Для подтверждения надежности ТТ бустеров достаточнодесятка ОСИ, специалистам это давно известно, как и страховым компаниям.

ЦитироватьSOE пишет:
Это подход к потребительским товарам в Швеции, который не слишком технически грамотные политики естественным образом склонны обобщать.

ЦитироватьСергей пишет:
но для дорогих спутников определяющей является надежность и цена вторична.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185988.jpg) Peter B. de Selding ‏@pbdes  (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  3 мин.3 минуты назад[/URL
MT Aerospace completes Ariane 6 launch pad mechanical structures PDR, part of Oct 2016 EUR 23M contract w/ CNES, Ariane 6 launch pad prime.
 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/156649.jpg) (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/824993010949701632)

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет:
это если только какой нить выскочка не сделает носитель с кратностью использования тысячу раз...

ЦитироватьThe world greatest monolithic motor at solid propellant all in carbon fiber is arising in AVIO at Colleferro (Rome).

Five times lighter and twice more resistant than steel, the carbon is the material with which AVIO realizes the Vega launcher and all engines of next generation. It is 12 m long, has a 3,5m as diameter, and it will contains 142 tons of propellant and it is the greatest ever built in Colleferro.

This is the first model of a family (P120C) that will equip both VEGA C and Ariane 6, the new European launchers whose maiden flights are planned in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Also it continues at full capacity construction of new plants that will accommodate production when it to be at regime.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185973.jpg)  Caleb Henry‏ @CHenry_SN  (https://twitter.com/CHenry_SN)  3 мин.3 минуты назад (https://twitter.com/CHenry_SN/status/839592842104303629)
Arianespace's Stephane Israel: Planning 12 Ariane 6 launches a year. Higher cadence means lower price #satshow (https://twitter.com/hashtag/satshow?src=hash)

ЦитироватьEuropean Commission commits to annual minimums for Ariane 6, Vega C
by Caleb Henry (http://spacenews.com/author/caleb-henry/) — April 5, 2017
 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155699.jpg)Elzbieta Bienkowska, the European Commission's lead space commissioner, speaking April 5 at the 33rd Space Symposium. Credit: Tom Kimmell
 
COLORADO SPRINGS — The European Commission will commit to buying at least five Ariane 6 and two Vega C launches per year when both rockets are in operation, Elzbieta Bienkowska, the European Commission's lead space commissioner, said Wednesday.
Airbus Safran Launchers and Arianespace have said that closing the business case for Ariane 6 and Vega C will require a firm government commitment to use the new rockets.
Speaking at the 33rd Space Symposium here, Bienkowska acknowledged that the European Commission had heard these concerns and would ensure European governments collectively serve as an anchor customer for the launchers.
"We will aggregate our institutional launches (http://spacenews.com/frances-prometheus-reusable-engine-becomes-esa-project-gets-funding-boost/) to support those two launchers," she said.
In an interview with SpaceNews after her speech, Bienkowska said this aggregated demand would support the annual five Ariane 6 and two Vega C launches that Ariane 6 prime contract Airbus Safran Launchers and launch provider Arianespace had pegged as the needed amount.
Ariane 6 is the successor to the Ariane 5 and Europeanized Soyuz; Vega C is an improved version of Vega, and will use the same first-stage engine as Ariane 6's strap-on boosters.
Bienkowska also said Europe's confidence in the suitability of Ariane 6 and Vega C, both of which are single-use rockets, remains unshaken by the early success of SpaceX and Blue Origin in demonstrating their reusable rockets.
"We observe very closely the ongoing revolution in the launcher market, especially here in the United States, around the principle of reusability," she said. "Europe's answer is the development of the next-generation of cost effective, reliable and competitive European launchers: Ariane 6 and Vega C."

Leveling the playing field
Europe has long envied the large number of government launches provided to domestic launch entities in the United States and in Russia — home to Arianespace's two biggest competitors: Hawthorne, California-based SpaceX and Moscow-based Khrunichev.
For the past three years, SpaceX has performed two to three launches annually for U.S. government customers, mainly NASA, and is starting to win military launch contracts following Air Force certification in 2015. Prior to certification, the Boeing-Lockheed Martin joint venture United Launch Alliance conducted nearly all U.S. military launches, often close to 10 per year, as well as some civil and commercial launches. Russia's Proton launches have been roughly half government, half commercial through Khrunichev's International Launch Services subsidiary.
"We are competing with launchers which are mostly dedicated to their domestic markets, which is a significant advantage, markets that most of the time are closed to other launchers," Arianespace CEO Stephane Israel told SpaceNews last month. "So it is absolutely normal that we organize institutional launches around European launchers."
"It is important, even vital for Ariane 6 and Vega C, to have this commitment from formal  European institutions," he added.
Israel said European government launches, at 1.4 billion euros ($1.5 billion) annually, account for less than a third of Arianespace's 5-billion-euro contract backlog.  The U.S. launch market, according to Airbus Safran Launchers, is about 65-percent government demand. For  Russia's launch industry, the figure is closer to 76 percent.
Israel said a guarantee of annual launches would replace the roughly 100-million-euros-a-year Arianespace receives under Europe's Launchers Exploitation Accompaniment Programme to keep Ariane 5 in service.

Цитировать (https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/743733996937351168/_0eoxr0C_bigger.jpg) Airbus Safran Lnchrs‏Подлинная учетная запись @ASLaunchers (https://twitter.com/ASLaunchers)
 The first Ariane 6 rocket is set for launch in 2020! Find out what the launcher of the future looks like:
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155911.jpg)
https://twitter.com/i/videos/749219999412326400?embed_source=facebook

ЦитироватьThe targeted payload performance of Ariane 6 is over 4.5 t for polar/Sun-synchronous orbit missions at 800 km altitude and the injection of two first-generation Galileo satellites. Ariane 6 can loft a payload mass of 4.5–10.5 tonnes in equivalent geostationary transfer orbit.

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
Внезапно:

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:
А как же концепция запуска одиночных КА на ГПО на 62?

Цитировать (https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/743733996937351168/_0eoxr0C_bigger.jpg)  Airbus Safran Lnchrs‏Подлинная учетная запись @ASLaunchers (https://twitter.com/ASLaunchers)  15 апр. (https://twitter.com/ASLaunchers/status/853251788593664001)  
Ariane 6's first flight is planned for 2020! But we're already building the plant where we'll assemble the launcher's main stage!
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/155916.jpg)

ЦитироватьApril 21, 2017
Press release

Airbus Safran Launchers initiates production of the Ariane 6 ground qualification models

•   The "Maturity Gate 6.1" industrialization review was held March 27 to April 20, 2017, among Airbus Safran Launchers, its industrial partners and independent experts
 
•   Based on the positive outcome of this review, production of the Ariane 6 ground qualification models has been green-lighted
 
•   The first flight of Ariane 6 is scheduled 2020

With "Maturity Gate 6.1", Airbus Safran Launchers and its industrial partners have passed a major milestone in the development of Ariane 6, under contract with the European Space Agency (ESA). The review confirmed that the maturity of the industrialization of Ariane 6 is sufficient to begin production of the ground qualification models for the future European launcher, in accordance with the objectives of the program. This major step follows on from "Maturity Gate 5" which, in 2016, had enabled Airbus Safran Launchers to validate the technical, industrial and programming characteristics of Ariane 6 and to continue with development of the launcher with its partners, as planned.

Спойлер

"Beginning production of the Ariane 6 qualification elements is an important step forward, reflecting the originality and efficiency of the industrial process set up for its development, production and operation. In this way, we can meet our deadlines and respect our commitments", stated Alain Charmeau, CEO of Airbus Safran Launchers. "The future European launcher is developed using validation milestones called "Maturity Gates", as in the aeronautical industry, and we are going to start production of the first flight models by the end of the year, after reaching "Maturity Gate 6.2."

The Ariane 6 development method, called "Ariane 6 Way", comprises 15 major steps, 6 of which have already been completed. "Maturity Gate 11" will give the green light for the first flight of Ariane 6, while "Maturity Gate 15" will mark the end of development and the start of full operational capacity.

Each "Maturity Gate" takes place under the responsibility of Airbus Safran Launchers, and involves independent experts. "Maturity Gate 6.2" is slated to take place at the end of 2017, so that the production of the first Ariane 6 flight models can begin.

Ariane 6, which is also ideal for constellations, is built on behalf of the European Space Agency (ESA) and will be a flexible, modular and competitive launcher available in two versions, Ariane 62 and Ariane 64, to guarantee continued European access to space.

About Airbus Safran Launchers
The Airbus Safran Launchers group develops and supplies innovative and competitive solutions for civil and military space launchers, with expertise in all aspects of state-of-the-art propulsion technologies. Airbus Safran Launchers is lead contractor for Europe's Ariane 5 and Ariane 6 launcher families, responsible for both design and the entire production chain, up to and including marketing by its Arianespace subsidiary, as well as for the missiles of the French oceanic deterrent force. The Airbus Safran Launchers group and its subsidiaries enjoy a global reputation as specialists in the field of equipment and propulsion for space applications, while their expertise also benefits other industrial sectors. The group is a joint venture equally owned by Airbus and Safran, and employs nearly 9,000 highly qualified staff in France and Germany. Its estimated proforma revenues exceed 3 billion euros.

Contacts:
Astrid EMERIT - +33.6.86.65.45.02
 astrid.emerit@airbusafran-launchers.com (mailto:astrid.emerit@airbusafran-launchers.com)

Julien WATELET - +33.6.88.06.11.48
 julien.watelet@airbusafran-launchers.com (mailto:julien.watelet@airbusafran-launchers.com)

File to download (https://www.airbusafran-launchers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Maturity-Gate-Ariane-6-EN.pdf)

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьSalo пишет:
По ссылке короткое видео:

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/29242.jpg) DutchSpace‏ @DutchSpace (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace) 3 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/872056666707165185)

Nice #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) models are slowly appearing... @Arianespace (https://twitter.com/Arianespace) @ASLaunchers (https://twitter.com/ASLaunchers) @AirbusSpace (https://twitter.com/AirbusSpace) @AirbusDS_NL (https://twitter.com/AirbusDS_NL)
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/163047.jpg)

ЦитироватьPeter B. de Selding‏ @pbdes (https://twitter.com/pbdes)  4 hours ago (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/875224644399374336)

AirbusSafranLaunchers #ArianeGroup (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ArianeGroup?src=hash) signs EUR 170M Ariane 6 tank/structures contract w/ #OHB (https://twitter.com/hashtag/OHB?src=hash)'s MT Aerospace. 12/yr production capacity.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/185988.jpg) Peter B. de Selding‏ @pbdes (https://twitter.com/pbdes) 6 мин назад (https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/876457156534562823)

1st mechanical tests of P120C booster casing (Ariane 6 SRB/Vega-C 1st stage) completed by @Avio_Group (https://twitter.com/Avio_Group). Next stop: prop tests at spaceport.
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/163527.jpg)

ЦитироватьAriane 6 (http://www.arianespace.com/press-releases/?taxonomy%5Bpress-release-category%5D=ariane-6), Corporate (http://www.arianespace.com/press-releases/?taxonomy%5Bpress-release-category%5D=corporate), Vega (http://www.arianespace.com/press-releases/?taxonomy%5Bpress-release-category%5D=vega) | June 20, 2017

After a very active first half in 2017, Arianespace signs its initial launch contract for the new Vega C launcher and gears up for Ariane 6

2017 Paris Air Show

Спойлер

Arianespace, which is sharing a chalet with ArianeGroup at this year's Paris Air Show, is focused on the future with the announcement of a first contract for the future Vega C launcher, while gearing up for the operation of Ariane 6. With an order book of 53 launches for Ariane 5, Soyuz and Vega, and fully engaged in marketing Ariane 6, Arianespace continues to prove its ability to satisfy current customers while addressing their future requirements.

Arianespace already has performed six launches this year between January 27 and June 1 – when the company celebrated the 79th successful Ariane 5 mission in a row while also setting a new record for payload injected into geostationary transfer orbit by this heavy launcher.

Arianespace announces the first Vega C contract and a new contract for Vega

Arianespace announced that it has signed the first contract for its Vega C launcher, to deploy Airbus' new generation of very-high-resolution optical Earth observation satellites. The contract provides for the launch of four satellites, using two Vega C launchers from the Guiana Space Center (CSG) in French Guiana, from mid-2020.

Arianespace also announced that it has signed a contract with OHB Italia SpA to launch an Earth observation satellite for the Italian space agency ASI, named PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa), to be orbited by a Vega rocket from the Guiana Space Center in 2018.
With these contracts, Vega and Vega C demonstrate they are perfectly compatible with the current and future launch markets for Earth observation satellites.

In addition to these contracts, Arianespace has signed two Ariane 5 launch contracts for geostationary satellites since the beginning of the year:
 

[/li]
• Horizon-3e, operated by SKY Perfect JSAT and Intelsat through a joint venture, with the launch planned as from the end of 2018,
• A high-throughput communications satellite for Eutelsat, with a launch scheduled in 2019. Along with this mission, Eutelsat also will allocate two satellites, Eutelsat 7C and Eutelsat Quantum, for launches in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Arianespace will therefore launch three satellites for Eutelsat during this two-year period.
  

Arianespace's order book now stands at 4.8 billion euros for 53 launches (18 by Ariane 5, 25 by Soyuz and 10 by Vega/Vega C) on behalf of 28 customers from around the world, clearly reaffirming its leadership in commercial space transport and its ability to meet all market expectations.

Records in performance, reliability and availability for the launcher family

Arianespace set a number of operational records in 2017:

[/li]
• Performance record
  

Arianespace marked a new performance record with the Ariane 5 launcher during its latest launch on June 1, 2017, boosting 10,865 kg into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). This marks an increase of 1,500 kg. since the start of Ariane 5 ECA launches, and the capacity will continue to grow in the coming years.

[/li]
• Reliability record
  

Ariane 5 has carried out 79 successful launches in a row from the CSG, outpacing the record set by Ariane 4 in 2003 with 74 in a row. Vega has made nine launches, all successful, since entering service in 2012 at CSG, while Soyuz has logged a total of 43 missions from Baikonur and CSG.

[/li]
• Availability and flexibility record
  

The three launches delayed because of strikes in French Guiana were subsequently performed in less than a month, from May 4 to June 1, 2017. Arianespace's teams and partners stepped up to the plate during this situation, proving their flexibility and availability, while also reducing the length of launch campaigns by 25% in two years.

Arianespace also launched the first all-electric satellites this year, using Ariane 5 (Eutelsat 172B on June 1st) and Soyuz (SES-15 on May 18th), showing that its launchers are fully compatible with new-generation satellites using electric propulsion.

[/li]
• The 2017 objective: 12 launches
  

The next launch of Ariane 5 is planned for June 28, and will carry the two satellites Hellas-Sat 3-Inmarsat S EAN "condosat" for Inmarsat and Hellas Sat, and GSAT-17 for the Indian space agency ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization). This will bring the total number of launches during the first half of the year to seven. Five more are planned in the second half, depending on payload availability: three by Ariane 5 and two by Vega.

6 successful launches in 4.5 months: January 27 – June 1, 2017 [/li] 8 injected into GTO by Ariane 5 and Soyuz, for a total launch weight of 34.5 metric tons. An Earth observation satellite launched by Vega. 6 more launches planned in 2017: 4 by Ariane 5 and 2 by Vega. 79 successes in a row for Ariane 5 Payload record into GTO of 10,865 kg by Ariane 5

[свернуть]

2017 – 2023: Arianespace's priorities

Building on the first launch contract won by Vega C, Arianespace continues to gear up for the service entry of this upgraded light launcher, which will offer a larger fairing and higher performance.

The marketing of Ariane 6 has also started, including discussions with both government and private operators. Ariane 6 is a modular launcher, available in both the Ariane 62 and Ariane 64 versions, and fitted with a versatile upper stage featuring the new Vinci restartable engine and a new auxiliary power unit (APU), along with large payload capacity. These improvements will in turn enhance orbital injection and allow the launcher to handle an increasingly diversified range of missions, meeting the requirements for the promising mega-constellation market as well as seizing new opportunities with the advent of electric propulsion systems for satellites, while continuing to meet Europe's governmental needs.

At the same time, Arianespace continues to prepare for the operational transition between its current family of launchers and the new-generation Ariane 6 and Vega C, working alongside ArianeGroup, its majority shareholder and industrial prime contractor for Ariane launchers, as well as Avio/ELV, industrial prime contractor for Vega, and the European Space Agency (ESA). The Exploitation Review Key Point (ERKP) planned by ESA for the end of 2017, should finalize the different parameters for this transition phase. This should specify the commitment by European countries and institutions as customers for Ariane 6 and Vega C, thus guaranteeing sustainable and independent access to space for Europe, and also allowing these launchers to compete on a level playing field.

Finally, Arianespace pursuit with ESA the preparation of the LLL initiative (Light satellite-Low cost-Launch Initiative)), which was approved at the ESA Ministerial-level conference in December 2016, to provide low-cost launch services for small satellites on Ariane 6 and Vega C. This initiative clearly reflects Arianespace's determination to grasp all opportunities offered by the growth of the small satellite market.

At the opening of the 2017 Paris Air Show, Arianespace Chief Executive Officer Stéphane Israël said: "With 12 launches performed in 2016, 11 in 2016 and six between the beginning of 2017 and June 1, Arianespace has fully met our customer commitments since the last Paris Air Show in 2015. The performance, reliability and availability records set by, Ariane 5, Soyuz and Vega, once again demonstrate the outstanding launch service quality delivered by Arianespace to the benefit of its customers. With an order book now worth some 4.8 billion euros for 53 launches, we have reaffirmed our leadership in the commercial market, and are preparing for an unprecedented level of activity. By signing the first contract for Vega C and undertaking active preparations for Ariane 6, we are resolutely turning toward the next decade. We are very pleased to undertake these initiatives within the framework of ArianeGroup, in close partnership with Avio/ELV for Vega operations, and with the continued confidence of ESA, national space agencies in Europe and our shareholders – indispensable partners for the success of our future launchers."

Спойлер

About Arianespace

Arianespace uses space to make life better on Earth by providing launch services for all types of satellites into all orbits. It has orbited more than 550 satellites since 1980, using its family of three launchers, Ariane, Soyuz and Vega, from launch sites in French Guiana (South America) and Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Arianespace is headquartered in Evry, near Paris, and has a technical facility at the Guiana Space Center, Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana, plus local offices in Washington, D.C., Tokyo and Singapore. Arianespace is a subsidiary of Airbus Safran Launchers, which holds 74% of its share capital, with the balance held by 17 other shareholders from the European launcher industry.

[свернуть]

Цитировать

20 06 2017 | Aerospace
GKN delivers revolutionary Ariane 6 Nozzle to Airbus Safran Launchers

[/li]
• First nozzle in flight configuration with laser-welded technology and additively manufactured structures
• 90% reduction of component parts, 40% reduction of costs and 30% reduction of production time
• Dedicated manufacturing center of excellence to be opened  in Trollhättan, Sweden in 2018
  

[/SIZE]GKN Aerospace has delivered the first advanced Ariane 6 nozzle (SWAN) to Airbus Safran Launchers in France for the Vulcain 2.1 engine. The new state of the art nozzle, which measures 2.5m in diameter incorporates innovative technologies with higher performance, lower lead times and substantial cost reduction. Large scale use of laser welding and laser metal deposition (additive manufacturing) for key structural features resulted in 90% reduction of component parts, taking it down from approximately 1000 parts to 100 parts. A demonstrator nozzle has already been successfully trialled in a full-scale engine nozzle test as part of the European Space Agency's Ariane  Research and Technology Accompaniment (ARTA) Program. Now the flight configuration nozzle will be mounted in France to the Vulcain 2.1 engine for a test in Germany. The Ariane 6 is scheduled to enter service in 2020. Airbus Safran Launchers is the prime contractor and GKN's customer in this development program funded by the European Space Agency.

Спойлер

GKN Aerospace will manufacture the nozzle in a new highly automated manufacturing centre in its facility in Trollhättan, Sweden, which is scheduled to open in 2018.

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/227979.jpg)

In total GKN Aerospace will provide five complex sub-systems for each Ariane 6 rocket, including four turbine assemblies for the two engines, generating power for the hydrogen and oxygen fuel systems.

Sebastien Aknouche General Manager Space, GKN Aerospace Engine Systems said:

"We are proud to be part of the Ariane 6 team. The advanced nozzle manufactured with breakthrough technologies is a true innovation. With the support of the Swedish National Space Board, we participated in the initial engine demonstrator programs. This allowed us to work with our customer to prove the great added value that innovative technologies like additive manufacturing have for the design and production processes in the space and aerospace industry."

GKN Aerospace's Space business unit, in Trollhättan, Sweden, has been active in the Ariane program from its inception in 1974 and has made over 1,000 combustion chambers and nozzles as well as over 250 turbines for the Ariane rocket to date. Today it is the European centre of excellence for turbines and metallic nozzles, having contributed to the programme at every stage of initial research and development through cooperation with academia to the serial production.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьBy 2020, the upgraded Vega-C and the new Ariane 6 heavy-lift rocket are both scheduled to be in operation.
In exchange for doing away with some of the government launcher-support payments now behind Ariane 5 and the first-version Vega, Europe's rocket industry is asking European governments to guarantee to provide five satellites per year for the Ariane 6, and two per year for the Vega-C.

ЦитироватьAriane Group guarantees Ariane 62 launch for 70 million euros
Ariane Group and its launch-service subsidiary, Arianespace, have said they will guarantee a launch of an Ariane 62 rocket, the smaller of the two Ariane 6 versions, for a price of 70 million euros in 2014 economic conditions, or about $78 million at today's exchange rate.
But this price is valid only if European governments — individual nations, the European Commission, the European Space Agency and Europe's meteorological satellite organization, Eumetsat — agree to give clear preference to Ariane 6 and Vega-C to reach the minimum guaranteed level.

ЦитироватьCubesats on India's PSLV, and a GEO telecom satellite on SpaceX
The debate, held here at the Paris Air Show, came one day before four European governments — Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia — launched small satellites aboard India's PSLV rocket, and two days before the launch aboard a SpaceX rocket of BulgariaSat-1, from Bulgaria.
And it was only a few months ago that the Italian Space Agency flirted with a SpaceX launch of a government Cosmo-Skymed radar Earth observation satellite before agreeing to use a Europeanized Russian Soyuz rocket.
The Soyuz will be deemed eligible for European government missions until around 2023, when the Ariane 62 will replace it. How long the Soyuz will continue to operate from Europe's spaceport for commercial missions is unclear.

ЦитироватьSalo (http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/forum/user/14860/) пишет:
http://www.gkn.com/en/newsroom/news-releases/aerospace/2017/gkn-delivers-revolutionary-ariane-6-nozzle-to-airbus-safran-launchers/

Цитироватьtnt22 (http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/forum/user/18282/) пишет:
http://www.gkn.com/en/newsroom/news-releases/aerospace/2017/gkn-delivers-revolutionary-ariane-6-nozzle-to-airbus-safran-launchers/

Цитировать (https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/740932957309947906/eyELdt9o_bigger.jpg) Stéphane Israël‏ @arianespaceceo (https://twitter.com/arianespaceceo) 27 мин назад (https://twitter.com/arianespaceceo/status/882667563578216452)

With @RUAG_Group (https://twitter.com/RUAG_Group) we made new out-of-autoclave technology fly 3 years ahead of time. Shorter throughput time for lighter fairing #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) 1/3
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/163933.jpg)

Спойлер

26 мин назад (https://twitter.com/arianespaceceo/status/882667803517620225)

This achievement foreshadows the gains in competitiveness that will benefit our future #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) thanks to all partners involved @esa (https://twitter.com/esa) 2/3
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/163934.jpg)


26 мин назад (https://twitter.com/arianespaceceo/status/882667898992570371)

#Arianespace (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Arianespace?src=hash) is proud that the first payload fairing manufactured out-of-autoclave was launched June 28 on a heavy-lift #Ariane5 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane5?src=hash) #VA238 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/VA238?src=hash) 3/3
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/163935.jpg)

[свернуть]

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/29242.jpg) DutchSpace‏ @DutchSpace (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace) 2 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/882928602882461698)

Nice image of the #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) #Vinci (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Vinci?src=hash) upper-stage engine being tested on the P4.1 test bench at Lampoldshausen via @DLR_en (https://twitter.com/DLR_en)
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/164466.jpg)

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/29242.jpg) DutchSpace‏ @DutchSpace (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace) 13 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/883057849152266240)

Updated views of the #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) launch zone #ELA4 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ELA4?src=hash) and 3D animation of the mobile gantry

Video (https://twitter.com/i/videos/tweet/883057849152266240)

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/32075.jpg) ArianeGroup‏ @ArianeGroup (https://twitter.com/ArianeGroup) 31 мин назад (https://twitter.com/ArianeGroup/status/884790403265777665)

Ariane 6 will be here in 2020! Here's a new video where you will learn more about the future European launcher!

Video (https://twitter.com/i/videos/tweet/884790403265777665)

Цитироватьtnt22 пишет:

ЦитироватьArianeGroup ‏ @ ArianeGroup 31 мин назад (https://twitter.com/ArianeGroup/status/884790403265777665)

Ariane 6 will be here in 2020! Here's a new video where you will learn more about the future European launcher!

 Video (https://twitter.com/i/videos/tweet/884790403265777665)

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/32603.jpg) Avio‏ @Avio_Group (https://twitter.com/Avio_Group) 4 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/Avio_Group/status/885493525588168708)

#Avio (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Avio?src=hash) participate in the #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) program for the liquid propulsion For @Arianespace (https://twitter.com/Arianespace) we have also the responsibility to develop 2 turbopumps
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/164581.jpg)

ЦитироватьСергей пишет:
умеренные суммарные расходы, не долгострой, и надежно.

ЦитироватьСергей пишет:
В России такое могли соорудить и в наше время

ЦитироватьСергей пишет:
но нужды ЕС закроет по умеренным ценам.

ЦитироватьСергей пишет:
Конечно с Маском тягаться не получится на рынке коммерческих пусков, за исключением дорогих спутников, но нужды ЕС закроет по умеренным ценам.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/29242.jpg) DutchSpace‏ @DutchSpace (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace) 4 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/885768951782887425)

The old and the new, foreground the new #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) vulcain 2.1 demonstration engine nozzle, background the current #Ariane5 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane5?src=hash) one, via @GKNAero (https://twitter.com/GKNAero)
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/164644.jpg)

ЦитироватьAriane 6

 (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/220694.jpg)  (https://www.youtube.com/user/ESA) European Space Agency, ESA (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIBaDdAbGlFDeS33shmlD0A)

Опубликовано: 20 июл. 2017 г.

At the European spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, the new launch facilities for ESA's Ariane 6 launcher are being built. With the Ariane 6 launcher and the upgrade of the Vega to Vega C, Europe expands its launching capacities by creating versatile launchers that meet market demands. At the same time ESA supports both institutional missions and European industry as both Ariane 6 and Vega C will be fully European. With Ariane 6 and Vega C, Europe secures its independent access to space for years to come.

ЦитироватьGeorge
Нет, спасибо, не надо. Это РН на водороде, наихудший по экономике вариант.

ЦитироватьБорис Лучников пишет:
Скажите, а версия ракеты Ариан-62 по характеристикам будет близка к Союзу-СТ? 

ЦитироватьИ если да - то какая судьба российской ракеты в Куру?

ЦитироватьБорис Лучников пишет:
И если да - то какая судьба российской ракеты в Куру?

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет:
100 млн евро за два спутника на Ариан-64 это дешевле чем у SpaceX между прочим.

Цитироватьsilentpom пишет:

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет:
100 млн евро за два спутника на Ариан-64 это дешевле чем у SpaceX между прочим.

к тому моменту, когда А6 полетит - блок 5 тоже сможет тягать 2 спутника

Цитироватьsilentpom пишет:

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет:
100 млн евро за два спутника на Ариан-64 это дешевле чем у SpaceX между прочим.

к тому моменту, когда А6 полетит - блок 5 тоже сможет тягать 2 спутника  :)

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет: 
Ариан ещё успевает повоевать, а вот успеет ли С5?

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:
ПН Арианы-62 вдвое больше чем Союза.

ЦитироватьБорис Лучников пишет:
какая судьба российской ракеты в Куру?

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет: 
На ГПО у Союза 3,2 т, у Ариан-62 - 4,5 т

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:

ЦитироватьApollo13 пишет:
На ГПО у Союза 3,2 т, у Ариан-62 - 4,5 т

Не верю! Это чего - водородный РБ не увеличивает Мю ПН?  :o  
У Арианы-64 заявляют 10-12 тонн, это чего - ещё два ускорителя увеличивают ПН более чем вдвое?

ЦитироватьБорис Лучников пишет:
кажите, а версия ракеты Ариан-62 по характеристикам будет близка к Союзу-СТ? И если да - то какая судьба российской ракеты в Куру?

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет:
Ариан ещё успевает повоевать, а вот успеет ли С5?

Простой, дешовый и эффективный С-5 нужен прежде всего нам самим. Конкуренция на внешнем рынке - вопрос факультативный.

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет:
И смущает два двигателя на второй ступени.

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет: 
И смущает два двигателя на второй ступени.

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:
Простой, дешовый и эффективный С-5 нужен прежде всего нам самим.

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:

ЦитироватьИскандер пишет:
И смущает два двигателя на второй ступени.

Два двигателя да ещё таких дорогих это плохо. Но увы, таков менталитет нынешних конструкторов. Им надо обязательно чтото очень крутое, круче чем РД-120, вообще не имеющее аналогов в мире. Но ничего более подходящего не нашлось а создавать новое - нет ни времени ни средств.

ЦитироватьДмитрий В. пишет:

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет: Но ничего более подходящего не нашлось а создавать новое - нет ни времени ни средств.

Ну, 2 двухкамерных РД0124М всяко дешевле будут, чем 2 четырёхкамерных РД0124.

Цитировать (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/29242.jpg) DutchSpace‏ @DutchSpace (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace) 21 мин назад (https://twitter.com/DutchSpace/status/890879880417640452)

Fresh images from #CSG (https://twitter.com/hashtag/CSG?src=hash) showing flame trench progress for the future #Ariane6 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Ariane6?src=hash) pad #ELA4 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ELA4?src=hash) via @CNES (https://twitter.com/CNES)
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/164808.jpg)

Спойлер

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/164809.jpg)
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/164810.jpg)

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьСтарый пишет:
Наиболее подходящим был бы четырёхкамерный двигатель тонн на 120.