Международная лунная посещаемая платформа

[Старый]

Валерий Жилинский пишет: 
Все понимают, что надо осваивать Сибирь - но вот что-то у нас с этим не получается...

Отнюдь. "Понимают" необходимость освоения Сибири те же кто "понимают" необходимость освоения других неблагоприятных для жизни мест. А нормальные люди наоборот, объясняют им что освоения не будет и объясняют почему не будет. 

А Маск и Зубрин (да и не только они, если честно), понимают, что надо осваивать Марс. Правда Старый Ламёр против, но кто же интересуется мнением ламёров?

Всё человечество. И живёт там где рассказывает Старый Ламер. А вот кто прислушался к мнению Маска и Зубрина? 
 Ты всё никак не поймёшь разницу между мной и Зубриным. Я рассказываю где и почему человечество живёт на самом деле, независимо от моего мнения. А Зубрин и ты рассказываете где человечество ДОЛЖНО жить ПО ВАШЕМУ МНЕНИЮ. Чувствуешь разницу? 

А ЕКА и китайцы посчитали, что им Луна интересней.

Интереснее чем что? Чем места где они живут? И теперь китайцы и европейцы не живут в субтропиках а живут в Сибири и на Луне? Точно? Ты ничего не перепутал? 

Вот в том и разница, каждый займётся тем, что интересно ему. 

Естественно. Поэтому люди живут там и делают то что они считают нужным. А не там и то что им советуют Зубрин с ВалериJем. 

А некоторые предпочтут ковыряться в жопе. По примеру котов.

Есть такие. Но делают они это исключительно в интернете.

[Старый]

Старый пишет: 

А некоторые предпочтут ковыряться в жопе. По примеру котов.

Есть такие. Но делают они это исключительно в интернете.

Причём делают они это исключительно языком. Поэтому называются "освоятели космоса языком".

[Дмитрий Инфан]

http://www.townandcountrymag.com/leisure/news/a7017/us-russia-moon-plan/

[benderr]

А некоторые предпочтут ковыряться в жопе. По примеру котов.

2 ВалериJ:

Афигеть! Эт че за коты такие?
Вы похоже и в котах НИХРЕНА не смыслите!  

[triage]

http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/moon-mars/a21884/us-russia-moon-plan/
Большая статья от Анатолия Зака

Yet these are only big ideas for now. The newest proposals for American and Russian cooperation were just presented at an ISS research and development conference in San Diego last week (July 12-14). Exactly where the base would go an who would take what responsibility is still up for grabs. In the aftermath of the event, William Gerstenmaier, NASA's Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, told Popular Mechanicsthat the agency welcomes the industry efforts, but warned that they had not been commissioned or endorsed at NASA.

Было ли что-то в прессе? Про Российских делегатов в твиттере было очень мало, особенно про Луну, а про национальную упоминали.

[frigate]

http://www.issconference.org/

Day 2 13 July 2016 
The New Dawn of Global Space: Space Agency Initiatives on the ISS and Beyond to Promote Entrepreneurial, Commercial, and Academic Utilization of Space
Innovation and opportunity around humans in space is reaching new heights as activities on the ISS demonstrate the potential for microgravity research and technology development to expand knowledge for exploration and Earth benefits. This panel will feature senior representatives from ISS partner agencies discussing facilities and capabilities on ISS that are fueling discovery, current and planned initiatives on ISS, and the future of research and development in low Earth orbit as continued efforts to promote partnership, collaboration, and competition on the ISS, with an expanding commercial presence, continue to materialize.
Speakers

[/li]
• William Gerstenmaier, Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, NASA
• Bernhard Hufenbach, Head of Strategic Planning Office, Directorate of Human Spaceflight and Exploration, European Space Agency
• Takashi Hamazaki, Director General, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA
• Gilles Leclerc, Director General, Space Exploration, Canadian Space Agency
• Marybeth Edeen, Manager, ISS Research Integration Office, NASA (MODERATOR)
  

Day 2 14 July 2016 
ISS AND BEYOND: HABS, LABS, AND PLATFORMS, FROM LEO TO DEEP SPACE 
This session will consider and discuss the role played by the International Space Station as an exploration testbed and in creating markets that extend beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). The ISS is a critical technical testbed for deep-space exploration system and subsystem development and as a testbed for the development of business in space that might be sustained in LEO or beyond, once the ISS is gone. Panelists will consider international partnerships; the development of specialized equipment or facilities; customer expectations; and the development of human-operated, human-tended, autonomous or passive platforms in LEO or in Cislunar space. SPEAKERS: • MARY LYNNE DITTMAR, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, COALITION FOR DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION (MODERATOR) • JOHN ELBON, VICE PRESIDENT, BOEING SPACE EXPLORATION • SAM SCIMEMI, DIRECTOR OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, NASA • ROBERT BIGELOW, PRESIDENT, BIGELOW AEROSPACE • MICHAEL SUFFREDINI, PRESIDENT, COMMERCIAL SPACE DIVISION, SGT

[frigate]

The ISS Russian Segment as a Platform for Technology Development Experiments and Demonstrations for the Benefit Of Human Missions Beyond a Low Earth Orbit PRESENTER: Igor Sorokin, S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia
http://www.issconference.org/assets/ISS-RDC-16-Program-Book-web.pdf

[triage]

Имелось в виду 

The newest proposals for American and Russian cooperation were just presented at an ISS research and development conference in San Diego last week (July 12-14).

Что представляли российские представители по окололунной?

я по конференции читал

https://twitter.com/jeff_foust/status/752977029511860224
Igor Sorokin of RSC Energia discussing tech experiments on Russian segment of ISS, including a laser comms study. #ISSRDC

https://twitter.com/jeff_foust/status/752981065233424385
Sorokin quickly going though future module plans, including passing reference to a "transformable" (inflatable) module. #ISSRDC

https://twitter.com/jeff_foust/status/752981451948249088
Sorokin also showed, but did not talk to, a chart that included a "Russian Orbital Station" in mid-2020s, post-ISS. #ISSRDC

https://twitter.com/jeff_foust/status/752982946496196609
Bigelow asks about expandable module tech. Sorokin offers few details, but says tech would be used for future lunar missions, too. #ISSRDC

Сейчас еще нашел

https://twitter.com/AusAndgie7/status/752982563967217664

https://twitter.com/AusAndgie7/status/752979494646886400
So awesome!
Energia talk: new technology & capabilities of Russian segment of ISS! I'm learning new things!
#ISSRDC

https://twitter.com/AusAndgie7/status/752980768670965761
Sorokin: new technique developed and run on ISS plus EVA to restore spacecraft surfaces
#ISSRDC

https://twitter.com/AusAndgie7/status/752981246062407680
Sorokin: Roadmap for Russian human spaceflight program. New spacecraft and missions for LEO & Moon
#ISSRDC

https://twitter.com/AusAndgie7/status/752981771361198080
Sorokin: new technique developed and run on ISS plus EVA to restore spacecraft surfaces
#ISSRDC


Sorokin: milestones & features (that's Russian for excellent results) of this space restoration development
#ISSRDC

https://twitter.com/AusAndgie7/status/752980768670965761
Sorokin: new technique developed and run on ISS plus EVA to restore spacecraft surfaces
#ISSRDC

[triage]

удалено

[triage]

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2016/1103-an-international-outpost-near.html

An international outpost near the Moon gets closer to reality

Posted By Anatoly Zak
2016/11/03 12:01 UTC
Topics: SLS, Humans to Mars, Orion, mission status, human spaceflight, International Space Station, Russian human spaceflight

International Space Station (ISS) project partners are inching ever closer toward an agreement to begin the development of a new human outpost in the vicinity of the Moon. If successful, the cis-lunar space station (a space station in the vicinity of the Moon) will be the largest international space project to date, influencing the direction of human space flight for decades to come.

During a closed-door meeting in Houston last week, NASA officials met their colleagues fr om Europe, Russia, Japan, and Canada to discuss the latest changes to the cis-lunar space station concept. The team, known as the International Spacecraft Working Group, ISCWG, is charged with brainstorming all the technical details necessary to start the development of the new deep-space exploration program after the retirement of the ISS, now expected in mid 2020s. The team's recommendations are not binding, but will likely form the reference architecture for any future project.

The current vision involves a multi-modular outpost, essentially a smaller version of the ISS, but in the vicinity of the Moon instead of in Earth's orbit. The outpost will also use more advanced technologies than those available on the ISS, such as closed-loop life-support systems and electric propulsion. These could enable the outpost to become the first interplanetary crewed spacecraft heading into deep space to explore asteroids or even reach the vicinity of Mars in the 2030s. To reflect that ultimate goal, NASA identified the facility as a "proving ground" for Mars exploration.


Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin concept for a modular cis-lunar base


What will it look like?
The cis-lunar outpost would be built primarily out of modular components riding NASA's giant SLS rocket as hitchhikers along with the Orion spacecraft. Following its insertion into trans-lunar trajectory, the Orion crew capsule would separate from the booster stage, turn around and dock with the add-on module still attached to the booster stage, very much like Apollo crews did to extract their lunar modules in the 1960s.

However, instead of landing on the lunar surface, each Orion mission would bring an add-on module to the vicinity of the Moon, wh ere they would all be bolted together to form a long-term habitat. Other countries could launch their own components, as with the ISS program.

Assembly sequence
According to the latest architecture worked out by the partners, the construction of the outpost would start with a 8.5-ton power and propulsion module launched during the Orion's third Exploration Mission, EM-3.

Recently, the European Space Agency agreed to provide an additional cutting-edge electric engine unit, which would help to propel the first module. Both American and European electric thrusters would be fed by xenon gas. The same module would also provide power supply and communications for the entire outpost. Last but not least, Canada would build a robotic arm, which would be strapped to the propulsion module and later used on the outpost.

Once the power and propulsion capabilities are in place, a pair of habitation modules would be delivered and attached to it in two subsequent Orion missions, EM-4 and EM-5. Previous incarnations of the plans envisioned these components being built in Russia or Europe, but the Japanese space agency has recently offered to contribute its own habitat. The Japanese habitat would feature a closed-loop life-support system, greatly reducing dependency of the outpost on deliveries of water and oxygen from Earth.

Also this year, the Russian space agency, Roscosmos, agreed to consider contributing an airlock module for the outpost, which would be used for spacewalks. During its ride to the lunar vicinity with the Orion spacecraft, the airlock would be packed full of supplies for the future station, bringing its launch mass to around nine tons. Alternatively, Roscosmos could launch the airlock module independently, using its new-generation Angara-5 rocket, upgraded with a high-power hydrogen space tug.

Theoretically, Russia could also support the international program with its next-generation transport spacecraft dubbed Federatsiya (Federation), which is expected to be the only alternative to the Orion in bringing crews to the outpost. As of today, Roscosmos promises the first crewed flight of the new ship in the low Earth's orbit in 2024, followed by the first mission to lunar orbit in 2027. Although SpaceX and other private providers are likely interested in providing transportation services to a cis-lunar program, only the NASA Orion and Roscosmos CTV spacecraft appear on the official schedule.

The cis-lunar space station could also be complemented by a 10-ton robotic vehicle developed jointly by ESA, Japan, and Canada. It could be equipped with a rover and an ascent stage for returning soil samples from the surface of the Moon. The robotic vehicle could be launched independently on a rocket provided by one of the partner agencies in 2026, at the earliest. Once the probe lands on the Moon, a crew onboard the cis-lunar outpost could remotely operate the soil-sampling rover on the surface and then launch the ascent stage for the subsequent transfer of samples back to Earth.

In the course of its assembly and operation, the cis-lunar outpost could be resupplied by cargo vehicles launched on a variety of rockets.

During the second phase of assembly, at the end of the 2020s, the outpost would be complemented with NASA's newest habitation and propulsion module launched on a dedicated SLS rocket. This latest addition could make it possible for the outpost to embark on the first mission into deep space.

Where do they stand?
Sources familiar with the matter say that after years of negotiations, the international team made enough progress to reach an agreement in the near future, which would see ISS partners all contributing components and technologies for the common goal. The initial phase of development of the cis-lunar outpost, known as Phase A, could then go ahead in 2017 or 2018.

During the Houston meeting this month, it was decided to postpone the beginning of the habitat construction by around a year until 2023. Under this scenario, the first phase of the outpost would be completed in 2028. Of course, if history of the ISS is any guide, many delays are very likely.

There are several political developments coming even this year, which can throw a monkey wrench into the carefully constructed schedule. Obviously, the first being the US presidential elections, which are notorious for changing the course of the American space program. Next, comes a meeting in December of the European ministers drawing the ESA's budget for the next several years. And another wild card in the project is the Russian involvement, which remains uncertain due to an array of political, financial and technical problems.

Not surprisingly, partners scheduled the next meeting on the cis-lunar outpost at the beginning of next year. Although 2017 is just two months away, it could very well be in another era for space exploration...

Пошли изменения к концепции от первых сообщений темы, минимум

Once the power and propulsion capabilities are in place, a pair of habitation modules would be delivered and attached to it in two subsequent Orion missions, EM-4 and EM-5. Previous incarnations of the plans envisioned these components being built in Russia or Europe, but the Japanese space agency has recently offered to contribute its own habitat. The Japanese habitat would feature a closed-loop life-support system, greatly reducing dependency of the outpost on deliveries of water and oxygen from Earth.

[Димитър]

http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/forum/forum10/topic13937/?PAGEN_1=52
 
Представители НАСА и ряд специалистов из космической отрасли из РФ, Европы, Японии и Канады обсудили на закрытом заседании в штаб-квартире агентства в Хьюстоне возможность постройки постоянной лунной базы на орбите Луны.
 http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2016/1103-an-international-outpost-near.html

 И построят! Ведь надо показать налогоплательщикам (и американским, и русским, и другим) что-то НОВОЕ ! Американцы на Марс хотели лететь, да дорого и рискованно. Рещили потом сначала на астероид слетать - тоже непросто, база на поверхность Луны - тоже дорого. ЛОС - самое простое и дешевое решение из всего, что пока не делали в пилотируемой космонавтике! И не надо мне ля-ля про то нужна ли она и зачем. Нужна, чтобы все смогли отсчитаться «вот, идем вперед!». Поетому и сделают непременно.



 По идее должно быть так:
 В 2023 году первым к Луне отправится 8,5 тонный энергоблок и двигатели будущей "лунной МКС", которые по текущим планам НАСА будут отправлены к Луне в ходе третьей исследовательской миссии Orion - ЕМ-3. Часть ионных двигателей этого модуля, возможно, будет разработана Европейским космическим агентством.
Две последующих миссии Orion, EM-4 и EM-5, доставят и подключат к центральному блоку станции ее жилые модули, которые на МКС были созданы в России и в Европе. На этот раз к ним подключится и Япония. Канада, традиционно, будет отвечать за создание "руки"-манипулятора для достройки лунной станции и разгрузки прибывающих кораблей.
Россия в лице "Роскосмоса" разработает шлюзовой модуль Он будет запущен или на борту одного из "Орионов", или же будет доставлен к Луне при помощи новой российской ракеты-носителя "Ангара-5".
Постройка станции, по текущим планам "пятерки", должна будет завершена в 2028 году.
Помимо всего этого есть идея по постройке 10-тонного "челнока" для этой станции, который сможет спускаться на поверхность Луны, собирать пробы грунта и возвращать их назад на станцию. В лучшем случае этот робот будет построен и отправлен на "лунную МКС" только в 2026 году.

[triage]

Правильно, нечего тему Федерации забивать...

А переводик РИА хромает... что там за модули которые были на МКС от Европы и России?
Вообще-то в оригинале сейчас это еще один шаг к Марсу, а не отказ от него.

Оригинал. Международная встреча не первая и не последняя.

Спойлер

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2016/1103-an-international-outpost-near.html

An international outpost near the Moon gets closer to reality

Posted By Anatoly Zak
2016/11/03 12:01 UTC
Topics: SLS, Humans to Mars, Orion, mission status, human spaceflight, International Space Station, Russian human spaceflight

International Space Station (ISS) project partners are inching ever closer toward an agreement to begin the development of a new human outpost in the vicinity of the Moon. If successful, the cis-lunar space station (a space station in the vicinity of the Moon) will be the largest international space project to date, influencing the direction of human space flight for decades to come.

During a closed-door meeting in Houston last week, NASA officials met their colleagues fr om Europe, Russia, Japan, and Canada to discuss the latest changes to the cis-lunar space station concept. The team, known as the International Spacecraft Working Group, ISCWG, is charged with brainstorming all the technical details necessary to start the development of the new deep-space exploration program after the retirement of the ISS, now expected in mid 2020s. The team's recommendations are not binding, but will likely form the reference architecture for any future project.

The current vision involves a multi-modular outpost, essentially a smaller version of the ISS, but in the vicinity of the Moon instead of in Earth's orbit. The outpost will also use more advanced technologies than those available on the ISS, such as closed-loop life-support systems and electric propulsion. These could enable the outpost to become the first interplanetary crewed spacecraft heading into deep space to explore asteroids or even reach the vicinity of Mars in the 2030s. To reflect that ultimate goal, NASA identified the facility as a "proving ground" for Mars exploration.


Lockheed Martin
Lockheed Martin concept for a modular cis-lunar base

What will it look like?
The cis-lunar outpost would be built primarily out of modular components riding NASA's giant SLS rocket as hitchhikers along with the Orion spacecraft. Following its insertion into trans-lunar trajectory, the Orion crew capsule would separate from the booster stage, turn around and dock with the add-on module still attached to the booster stage, very much like Apollo crews did to extract their lunar modules in the 1960s.

However, instead of landing on the lunar surface, each Orion mission would bring an add-on module to the vicinity of the Moon, wh ere they would all be bolted together to form a long-term habitat. Other countries could launch their own components, as with the ISS program.

Assembly sequence
According to the latest architecture worked out by the partners, the construction of the outpost would start with a 8.5-ton power and propulsion module launched during the Orion's third Exploration Mission, EM-3.

Recently, the European Space Agency agreed to provide an additional cutting-edge electric engine unit, which would help to propel the first module. Both American and European electric thrusters would be fed by xenon gas. The same module would also provide power supply and communications for the entire outpost. Last but not least, Canada would build a robotic arm, which would be strapped to the propulsion module and later used on the outpost.

Once the power and propulsion capabilities are in place, a pair of habitation modules would be delivered and attached to it in two subsequent Orion missions, EM-4 and EM-5. Previous incarnations of the plans envisioned these components being built in Russia or Europe, but the Japanese space agency has recently offered to contribute its own habitat. The Japanese habitat would feature a closed-loop life-support system, greatly reducing dependency of the outpost on deliveries of water and oxygen from Earth.

Also this year, the Russian space agency, Roscosmos, agreed to consider contributing an airlock module for the outpost, which would be used for spacewalks. During its ride to the lunar vicinity with the Orion spacecraft, the airlock would be packed full of supplies for the future station, bringing its launch mass to around nine tons. Alternatively, Roscosmos could launch the airlock module independently, using its new-generation Angara-5 rocket, upgraded with a high-power hydrogen space tug.

Theoretically, Russia could also support the international program with its next-generation transport spacecraft dubbed Federatsiya (Federation), which is expected to be the only alternative to the Orion in bringing crews to the outpost. As of today, Roscosmos promises the first crewed flight of the new ship in the low Earth's orbit in 2024, followed by the first mission to lunar orbit in 2027. Although SpaceX and other private providers are likely interested in providing transportation services to a cis-lunar program, only the NASA Orion and Roscosmos CTV spacecraft appear on the official schedule.

The cis-lunar space station could also be complemented by a 10-ton robotic vehicle developed jointly by ESA, Japan, and Canada. It could be equipped with a rover and an ascent stage for returning soil samples from the surface of the Moon. The robotic vehicle could be launched independently on a rocket provided by one of the partner agencies in 2026, at the earliest. Once the probe lands on the Moon, a crew onboard the cis-lunar outpost could remotely operate the soil-sampling rover on the surface and then launch the ascent stage for the subsequent transfer of samples back to Earth.

In the course of its assembly and operation, the cis-lunar outpost could be resupplied by cargo vehicles launched on a variety of rockets.

During the second phase of assembly, at the end of the 2020s, the outpost would be complemented with NASA's newest habitation and propulsion module launched on a dedicated SLS rocket. This latest addition could make it possible for the outpost to embark on the first mission into deep space.

Where do they stand?
Sources familiar with the matter say that after years of negotiations, the international team made enough progress to reach an agreement in the near future, which would see ISS partners all contributing components and technologies for the common goal. The initial phase of development of the cis-lunar outpost, known as Phase A, could then go ahead in 2017 or 2018.

During the Houston meeting this month, it was decided to postpone the beginning of the habitat construction by around a year until 2023. Under this scenario, the first phase of the outpost would be completed in 2028. Of course, if history of the ISS is any guide, many delays are very likely.

There are several political developments coming even this year, which can throw a monkey wrench into the carefully constructed schedule. Obviously, the first being the US presidential elections, which are notorious for changing the course of the American space program. Next, comes a meeting in December of the European ministers drawing the ESA's budget for the next several years. And another wild card in the project is the Russian involvement, which remains uncertain due to an array of political, financial and technical problems.

Not surprisingly, partners scheduled the next meeting on the cis-lunar outpost at the beginning of next year. Although 2017 is just two months away, it could very well be in another era for space exploration...

[свернуть]

[Кубик]

Ну шо, опять??

[Димитър]

Димитър пишет:
есть идея по постройке 10-тонного "челнока" для этой станции, который сможет спускаться на поверхность Луны, собирать пробы грунта и возвращать их назад на станцию

а не оттуда ли ноги растут у этого предложения:
http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/forum/forum16/topic14536/

смотрим на картинке МБВПК-3:
Общая масса - 10 т, масса, доставлякмая на Луну - 3400 кг, масса, доставляемая на окододунную орбиту - 1300 кг, заправка АТ/НДМГ - 8.7 т.
А иначе называется МЛАК Корвет

[triage]

Т.к. у американцев картинки рисуют многие. Текущая картинка автором статьи взята от 

http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/features/2016/nextstep-space-mars.html
NextSTEP on the Journey to Mars: Deep Space Habitats

Lockheed Martin's approach to cis-lunar habitats is both modular and flexible, adding elements over time. Orion is capable of transporting habitat elements to an orbiting outpost around the moon.

The journey to Mars is no easy feat, but Lockheed Martin is helping NASA get there. Orion will transport astronauts safely into deep space while missions such as MAVEN, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and Mars Odyssey have gathered innumerable data to draw a clearer picture of the Red Planet. Now, Lockheed Martin is also supporting the development of deep space habitats.
As part of NASA's Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships (NextSTEP) program, Lockheed Martin is studying the capabilities needed to support human pioneering in deep space. Habitats, known formally as "exploration augmentation modules," are essential for the exploration of the outer bounds of space.
"The habitat will support missions in the proving of deep space exploration," said Bill Pratt, Lockheed Martin's program manager for the habitat study. "Basically, the habitat would be located just far enough away that astronauts couldn't easily turn around and come home when problems arise. That really forces us to operate in a different mindset that's more akin to a long trip to Mars."
Moving outside of low Earth orbit where the International Space Station (ISS) resides, the habitat would be placed in a lunar orbit to be specified by NASA. Its crew would be more autonomous and less dependent on ground control – a more realistic scenario for Mars and other deep space destinations.
Pratt pointed out that although the habitat draws from ISS lessons learned, it is not another iteration of the ISS. The habitat will accommodate four crew members from 30 to 60 days – and spend large amounts of time unmanned—which means the systems need to survive on their own, without regular maintenance.
"We're studying the development of a habitat that takes maximum advantage of Orion's advanced capabilities," added Pratt. "As we design the habitat concept, we can leverage the deep space functionality already available with Orion, such as power-coupling, communications, radiation protection and life support systems, thereby reducing complexity of the habitat and increasing affordability."

For example, Orion already has a system to shield the crew from radiation, so it could be used as a safe haven for astronauts during a solar storm, meaning you wouldn't have to build that capability into the habitat.
The less modification needed for the habitat, the more efficiently it can function when the crew is not present. It also provides more room for bigger, bulkier items that wouldn't fit in Orion – such as the crew's food, water, air, hygiene needs, personal effects storage and even a full-size treadmill.
"It's really exciting to be working on concepts that we can continue to build on, adding functionality as needed, and support specific mission requirements as they evolve," said Pratt. "With a habitat, you can really start to see a larger framework come together that will allow humans to travel deeper into space than ever before."
Lockheed Martin will work with NASA to establish a baseline of habitat designs and mission requirements when the 12-month contract concludes in September 2016. NASA is targeting functional habitats in the 2020s.

[Димитър]

Pnetmon, зачем 3 раза постить одно и тоже
Вы вообще что-то сказать хотели?

[Димитър]

[Diy]

Так США убили двух зайцев: и формально Марс не забросили, и присоединились к российской концепции, что надо начинать с освоения Луны, а потом уже к Марсу...

[triage]

1) что одно и тоже, в этой теме?
2) зачем писать искаженные данные после перевода и отсебятину, привели бы текст оригинала
3) где там написано что будет американское, а у них несколько претендетов на производство для этой станции.

[Димитър]

И еще пару вопросов:
 США будут использовать СЛС-1 и КК Орион, Россия - Федерацию. А на какой ракете будут запускать к ЛОС КК Федерация? Многопуск?
 Можно отправить к ЛОС грузового Прогресса на Протоне или Ангара-5 ? Хватит мощности РН ? А сводить с орбиты одноразовых грузовиков - на Луне?