SpaceX будет разрабатывать спутники в Сиэтле

[Apollo13]

Еще 7518 сутников.    

http://spacenews.com/fcc-gets-five-new-applications-for-non-geostationary-satellite-constellations/

FCC gets five new applications for non-geostationary satellite constellations

by Caleb Henry — March 2, 2017


Five more companies have applied with the FCC to operate NGSO constellations in V-band after Boeing first requested to last year. OneWeb's V-band constellation idea, called OW-V, is pictured above. Credit: OneWeb.



WASHINGTON — Boeing's plan to deploy a constellation of V-band satellites in non-geostationary orbit has prompted at least five companies, including SpaceX and OneWeb, to file me-too proposals with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
The FCC had given companies until March 1 to disclose whether they also had plans to use the same V-band that Boeing had applied for in November of last year. 
The five companies — SpaceX, OneWeb, Telesat, O3b Networks and Theia Holdings — all told the FCC they have plans to field constellations of V-band satellites in non-geosynchronous orbits to provide communications services in the United States and elsewhere. So far the V-band spectrum of interest, which sits directly above Ka-band from about 37 GHz to the low 50 GHz range, has not been heavily employed for commercial communications services.
Boeing also submitted a new application to the agency asking to use the 37.5 to 42.5 GHz range of V-band for downlinking from spacecraft to terminals on Earth, and two other swaths, (47.2 to 50.2 GHz and 50.4 to 52.4 GHz) for uplinking back to the satellites. The company's proposed constellation would consist of 1,396 to 2,956 low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites for providing connectivity. The FCC originally deferred on Boeing's request to operate in 42 to 42.5 and the 51.4 to 52.4 GHz range back in November.
The wave of new applications follows those that 11 companies, including Boeing, filed in November when the FCC set a deadline for any operators to come forward if they had plans to operate in the same bands that OneWeb proposed for its constellation of low-Earth-orbiting internet satellites. All of the companies that met the FCC's March 1 deadline for V-band plans had participated in the November processing round as well.
Most companies are describing their potential use of V-band satellites as follow-ons to pre-existing plans for constellations in Ku- or Ka-band. SpaceX, for example, proposes a "VLEO," or V-band low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellation of 7,518 satellites to follow the operator's initially proposed 4,425 satellites that would function in Ka- and Ku-band. Canada-based Telesat describes its V-band LEO constellation as one that "will follow closely the design of the Ka-band LEO Constellation," also using 117 satellites (not counting spares) as a second-generation overlay.
Newcomer Theia asked the FCC to allow it to use V-band frequencies for gateways on the ground that would have originally only used Ka-band. The company wants to operate a constellation of satellites for both communications and remote sensing, and claims that because its spacecraft will have "regenerative" payloads, that "there is no specific relationship between V-band uplink frequency bands and downlink frequency bands."
MEO V-band
OneWeb told the FCC it wants to operate a "sub-constellation" of 720 LEO V-band satellites at 1,200 kilometers, and another constellation in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) of 1,280 satellites. Added together, that expands the OneWeb constellation by 2,000 satellites — a move the company said last week that it would decide on making by the end of this year. OneWeb said in its March 1 filings that the company would "dynamically assign traffic" between the LEO and MEO V-band constellations based on service requirements and the data traffic within coverage areas.
OneWeb's application for MEO follows that of ViaSat's in November for 24 MEO satellites to augment ViaSat-3, the company's trio of terabit-per-second-throughput satellites currently underway. ViaSat bundled its request for use of V-band together with its application for MEO Ka-band. O3b this March told the FCC that it wants market access to V-band for up to 24 additional satellites that would operate in a circular equatorial orbit as a constellation called O3bN.

[Salo]

Прикладная маскология – Всемирный космический интернет
Глобальный, бесплатный, гигабитный, каждому, технологичный - и много других забавных мечтаний
https://www.atraining.ru/trainers/karmanov/global-satellite-network/

[Alexander Lukashenko]

Salo пишет:
Прикладная маскология – Всемирный космический интернет

Зачем Вы это говно сюда тянете?

[Salo]

Я рад, что моё сообщение заставило Вас зарегистрироваться и разродиться постом. Но человек, для которого Луркмор истина в последней инстанции, имеет специфические представления о сортах дерьма.

[Salo]

https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/spacexs-falcon-9-rocket-will-launch-thousands-of-broadband-satellites/

Space network —
With latency as low as 25ms, SpaceX to launch broadband satellites in 2019 Satellites will function like a mesh network and deliver gigabit speeds.
Jon Brodkin - 5/3/2017, 7:33 PM

Enlarge
Getty Images | Olena_T
 
SpaceX today said its planned constellation of 4,425 broadband satellites will launch fr om the Falcon 9 rocket beginning in 2019 and continue launching in phases until reaching full capacity in 2024.
SpaceX gave the Senate Commerce Committee an update on its satellite plans during a broadband infrastructure hearing this morning via testimony by VP of satellite government affairs Patricia Cooper. Satellite Internet access traditionally suffers fr om high latency, relatively slow speeds, and strict data caps. But as we reported in November, SpaceX says it intends to solve these problems with custom-designed satellites launched into low-Earth orbits.
SpaceX mentioned 2019 as a possible launch date in an application filed with the Federal Communications Commission in November and offered a more specific launch timeline today. Cooper told senators:

Later this year, SpaceX will begin the process of testing the satellites themselves, launching one prototype before the end of the year and another during the early months of 2018. Following successful demonstration of the technology, SpaceX intends to begin the operational satellite launch campaign in 2019. The remaining satellites in the constellation will be launched in phases through 2024, when the system will reach full capacity with the Ka- and Ku-Band satellites. SpaceX intends to launch the system onboard our Falcon 9 rocket, leveraging significant launch cost savings afforded by the first stage reusability now demonstrated with the vehicle.

The 4,425 satellites will "operat[e] in 83 orbital planes (at altitudes ranging from 1,110km to 1,325km)," and "require associated ground control facilities, gateway Earth stations, and end-user Earth stations," Cooper said. By contrast, the existing HughesNet satellite network has an altitude of about 35,400km, making for a much longer round-trip time than ground-based networks.
SpaceX has also proposed an additional 7,500 satellites operating even closer to the ground, saying that this will boost capacity and reduce latency in heavily populated areas. But Cooper offered no specific timeline for this part of the project.
There were an estimated 1,459 operating satellites orbiting Earth at the end of 2016, and the 4,425 satellites in SpaceX's planned initial launch would be three times that many. Other companies are also considering large satellite launches, raising concerns about potential collisions and a worsening "space junk problem," an MIT Technology Review article noted last month.
SpaceX today urged the government to relax regulations related to satellite launches and to include satellite technology in any future broadband infrastructure legislation and funding.

 Network design
SpaceX's satellites will essentially operate as a mesh network and "allocate broadband resources in real time, placing capacity wh ere it is most needed and directing energy away from areas wh ere it might cause interference to other systems, either in space or on the ground," Cooper said. Satellites will beam directly to gateway stations and terminals at customers' homes, a strategy that will greatly reduce the amount of infrastructure needed on the ground, particularly in rural and remote areas, she said.
"In other words, the common challenges associated with siting, digging trenches, laying fiber, and dealing with property rights are materially alleviated through a space-based broadband network," she said.
Customer terminals will be the size of a laptop. While speeds should hit a gigabit per second, SpaceX said it "intends to market different packages of data at different price points, accommodating a variety of consumer demands." Current satellite ISPs have latencies of 600ms or more, according to FCC measurements, but SpaceX has said its own system will have latencies between 25 and 35ms. That's better than DSL and similar to several of today's major cable and fiber systems, according to FCC measurements. The measurements show that the Altice-owned Optimum and Verizon FiOS had latencies of just over 10ms, better than what SpaceX is expecting to achieve.
 
Enlarge
FCC
 
SpaceX promised that its satellite technology won't become stale after launch. The company's "satellite manufacturing cost profile and in-house launch capability" will allow it to continually update the system's technology to meet changing customer needs, Cooper said.

[V.B.]

SPACEX V-BAND NON-GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE SYSTEM
(Technical information, PDF)

[Apollo13]

https://www.reddit.com/r/spacex/comments/75ufq9/interesting_items_from_gwynne_shotwells_talk_at/

On "Global Broadband Network"
"Does anybody like their cable company? [Laughs] No one!"
Dragon is a very sophisticated satellite, so in that light, sees internet constellation as a natural extension of their current work
Compared size of global launch market (~8 billion dollars/year) to broadband market (~1 trillion dollars/year) to further explain SpaceX's interest

Does SpaceX have the resources to do the satellite constellation and the BFR together, or will they need to prioritize?
We can do it, no question. We can fund both developments, depending on the time frame you're talking about. But Elon is impatient to get to Mars, so we'll have to get a bit creative with the financing.

[Apollo13]

Есть мнение, что тестовые спутники SpaceX полетят в январе вместе с PAZ.

https://www.reddit.com/r/spacex/comments/75ayk2/owner_hisdesat_spain_spacex_sets_jan_30_vafb/do4uhjj/

the orbital injection parameters of PAZ and SpaceX are identical: a sun-synchronous orbit at 514 km altitude with an inclination of 97.44 degrees

[igel]

Вполне логичный ход. Уже нынешний темп пусков впечатляет. С новыми площадками Маск рискует довольно быстро "вычерпать" сегодняшнюю очередь ждущих космоса спутников - и что тогда? Куда девать все эти ракеты? Частью понятно - пускать туристов на "Драконе-2" - но это рыной еще непроверенный и более рискованный. Значит, хочешь не хочешь, а надо заботиться о нагрузках самому, и уже вот как раз сейчас пора начинать об этом думать. То есть, когда создаешь такую пусковую инфраструктуру, надо заботиться буквально о создании рынка под нее, не ждать, пока еще там "публика" расчухает повысившуюся доступность космоса!

Я уже ждал некоторое время, когда он наконец спутниками займется. Вот, дождался :-). И хотя спутниковая индустрия менее консервативная, чем ракетная, но в ней тоже, похоже, накопилось достаточно "лок-ина" для ее радикального  "переизобретения". В плюсах мы можем увидеть возврат к практике 60-70 годов - быстрые циклы разработки, приоритет летных испытаний над моделированием, бОльшая "зрелищность" для публики и в целом более быстрая эволюция спутников. Да и Луна с Марсом тоже вряд ли будут забыты :-).

[BlackMokona]

igel пишет:
Вполне логичный ход. Уже нынешний темп пусков впечатляет. С новыми площадками Маск рискует довольно быстро "вычерпать" сегодняшнюю очередь ждущих космоса спутников - и что тогда? Куда девать все эти ракеты? Частью понятно - пускать туристов на "Драконе-2" - но это рыной еще непроверенный и более рискованный. Значит, хочешь не хочешь, а надо заботиться о нагрузках самому, и уже вот как раз сейчас пора начинать об этом думать. То есть, когда создаешь такую пусковую инфраструктуру, надо заботиться буквально о создании рынка под нее, не ждать, пока еще там "публика" расчухает повысившуюся доступность космоса!

Я уже ждал некоторое время, когда он наконец спутниками займется. Вот, дождался :-). И хотя спутниковая индустрия менее консервативная, чем ракетная, но в ней тоже, похоже, накопилось достаточно "лок-ина" для ее радикального "переизобретения". В плюсах мы можем увидеть возврат к практике 60-70 годов - быстрые циклы разработки, приоритет летных испытаний над моделированием, бОльшая "зрелищность" для публики и в целом более быстрая эволюция спутников. Да и Луна с Марсом тоже вряд ли будут забыты :-).

Вроде тема про его спутники уже пару лет живёт

[igel]

BlackMokona пишет:
Вроде тема про его спутники уже пару лет живёт

Вполне, если уже что-то пускать собираются. За всеми темами не уследишь... Но всплыла-то вот сейчас, как раз вовремя.

[BlackMokona]

igel пишет:
Вполне, если уже что-то пускать собираются. За всеми темами не уследишь... Но всплыла-то вот сейчас, как раз вовремя.

В этом году вроде первый спутник производства  spacex должен был полететь, но Маск тайм, подождем ещё годик.

[tnt22]

http://astronautical.org/events/vonbraun/

Wernher von Braun Memorial Symposium

October 24-26, 2017
Huntsville, Alabama

Caleb Henry‏ @CHenry_SN 7 ч. назад

SpaceX's Patricia Cooper: 2 demo sats launching in next few months, then constellation deployment in 2019. Can start service w/ ~800 sats.

[Apollo13]

https://www.reddit.com/r/spacex/comments/78ob2w/spacexs_patricia_cooper_2_demo_sats_launching_in/

Ms. Cooper from SpaceX: "Satellites will use Dynamic Antennas, Optical Links, Mesh Technology to provide Direct to Consumer high speed internet... On the ground, satellites will contect to affordable easy to install terminals for users... At speeds and latency only available in the most populated areas"

Cooper: We are looking, 20 sats over the US at any point. The more sats we have the more capacity we have. Several years away from providing service. We are currently focused on removing capacity caps.

Cooper: At SpaceX we are not seeking outside investment. The ability to not only conceive the constellation, but manufacture the sats and launch them is very difficult.

[Apollo13]

Caleb Henry‏ @CHenry_SN  16h16 hours ago

SpaceX's Cooper: SpaceX is designing our satellites to be able to maneuver thousands of times in lifetime.

[Apollo13]

https://www.spaceintelreport.com/satellite-fleet-operators-plea-regulation-satellite-mega-constellations/

Cooper sent a zinger in the direction of OneWeb by stressing that the SpaceX constellation will be launched on U.S. soil aboard U.S. rockets. Most first-generation OneWeb satellites are to be launched aboard Russian Soyuz rockets, from Russian-controlled territory.

— SpaceX plans to launch two small test satellites "in the next several months," Cooper said. The operational satellites would begin launching, on SpaceX rockets, in 2019.
By 2020 or 2021, initial service could start with just 800 satellites in orbit. The full constellation would be deployed by 2024.

[Apollo13]

https://www.wsj.com/articles/fcc-chairman-recommends-approval-of-spacexs-internetsatelliteplan-1518647894

The project has progressed much more slowly than anticipated since then. Those documents, among other things, projected a total of some 4,800 low-earth orbit satellites would be launched by 2025, creating a system with a capacity of nearly 50 million subscribers. At the time, the first 800 satellites were anticipated to be launched by the end of 2019. The plan projected satellites costing less than $1 million apiece, a price point also targeted by OneWeb.

SpaceX's plans envisioned launching 32 of its Falcon 9 rockets over roughly two years to deploy the first phase of the proposed satellite constellation. Its highest annual launch rate so far is 18 missions, and it already has contracts with dozens of paying customers waiting to have their payloads blasted into orbit before SpaceX satellites become primary payloads for company rockets.

Получается по 800 / 32 = 25 спутников в каждом пуске.

[Apollo13]

Анализ систем LEO-HTS и реализуемости фазированных антенных решеток для абонентских терминалов

[Искандер]

Apollo13 пишет:
Цитата Cooper sent a zinger in the direction of OneWeb by stressing that the SpaceX constellation will be launched on U.S. soil aboard U.S. rockets. Most first-generation OneWeb satellites are to be launched aboard Russian Soyuz rockets, from Russian-controlled territory.

OneWeb вроде британцы?... Ну, сейчас там не все так плохо. Подписан контракт с ВО на пуски NG. Кроме того LauncherOne подписан. Поєтому вполне возможны перемены. Да и SpaceX сможет поучаствовать, если попросить. Не зря же они упрекают OneWeb в "нескрепности", возможно хотят Союзы "пощипать", тем более в связи с последним скандалом.

[Apollo13]

http://spacenews.com/us-regulators-approve-spacex-constellation-but-deny-waiver-for-easier-deployment-deadline/

US regulators approve SpaceX constellation, but deny waiver for easier deployment deadline

by Caleb Henry — March 29, 2018


SpaceX has the FCC's approval to launch some 4,425 satellites, but will have to do so within nine years. Credit: SpaceNews



WASHINGTON — U.S. telecom regulators the evening of March 29 accepted SpaceX's application to reach U.S customers with a megaconstellation of 4,425 broadband satellites, but denied the company's request to relax the deadline by which it must have its entire constellation in orbit.
The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) also said SpaceX's approval is conditioned on an updated de-orbit plan, since the sheer number of satellites envisioned by SpaceX's "Starlink" constellation goes far beyond what current guidelines consider manageable.
SpaceX is the fourth company the FCC approved to launch a new non-geostationary (NGSO) satellite constellation after opening up a new processing round in 2016. Other companies approved are OneWeb for 720 satellites in low Earth orbit, Telesat Canada for 117 satellites in low Earth orbit, and Space Norway for two satellites in highly elliptical orbits. Last month FCC Chairman Ajit Pai urged other commissioners to support SpaceX's application, arguing it would help bring Internet access to rural and underserved areas of the United States.
SpaceX will have to launch at least half of its constellation of Ku and Ka-band satellites within six years of today, per the agency's recently revised rules, or its authorization freezes at the number of satellites in operation at that date. The FCC in September relaxed its deadline, giving operators nine years to launch their full constellation, but even those rules are stricter than what SpaceX would refer. The launch-provider-turned-satellite operator asked the FCC for an okay to launch 1,600 satellites in six years — just over a third of its full constellation.
SpaceX said the FCC's deadline was "impractical," and that it could start broadband service without the full constellation. The FCC said no, but gave SpaceX permission to re-submit a waiver request in the future. SpaceX said in October it plans to start service with 800 to 900 satellites. 
SpaceX's constellation is the largest of all the applicants, and generated considerable concern regarding the risk it could enshroud the Earth in a cloud of space debris. Fleet operators OneWeb, Spire, SES and Space Norway all expressed concern about how SpaceX will protect the space environment when operating so many satellites. But weighing more heavily with the FCC was NASA, which said a constellation as large as SpaceX's likely needs to meet more stringent standards than what NASA recommends for de-orbit reliability. NASA's reliability standard is that at least 90 percent of satellites can deorbit properly after their mission is complete.
The FCC said it agrees with NASA that "the unprecedented number of satellites proposed by SpaceX and the other NGSO [fixed satellite service] systems in this processing round will necessitate a further assessment of the appropriate reliability standards of these spacecraft, as well as the reliability of these systems' methods for deorbiting the spacecraft." As such, the agency said it's approval to SpaceX is conditioned upon "approval of an updated description of the orbital debris mitigation plans for its system."
SpaceX said it will deorbit its satellites within one year of completing their mission, well ahead of the 25-year guideline suggested by NASA and other leading space agencies.
The FCC rebuffed petitions from fleet operators Telesat and Viasat to reject SpaceX's application due to the risk its constellation would cause radio frequency interference with other satellites. SpaceX used software from the International Telecommunications Union to gauge equivalent power flux density limits (EPFD) for its constellation. The FCC said it conditions constellation approval "on SpaceX receiving a favorable or 'qualified favorable' rating of its EPFD demonstration by the ITU prior to initiation of service."
SpaceX launched its first two prototype satellites in February as a secondary mission with the Paz radar satellite for Spanish operator Hisdesat. The company plans to use the Starlink constellation to generate revenue that will support its aspirations to colonize Mars.