InSight, MarCO-A, MarCO-B - Atlas V 401 - Vandenberg SLC-3E - 05.05.2018 - 11:05 UTC

Автор instml, 08.01.2012 13:56:55

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Dude

не надо ничего выдумывать, там всё доступно написано.

NetStation's antenna configuration enables it to conduct
full polarimetric investigations of the subsurface – transmitting
with single-, dual-, or right circular polarization and
receiving the H- and V- components (and their phase difference)
coherently – to calculate the four Stoke's parameters
and Circular Polarization Ration (CPR) in a manner
similar to the Mini-RF on the Lunar Reconnaisance Orbiter,
[1]. High CPR (>1) is a radar characterisitic of both very
rough surfaces and icy environments, a measurement that
has been used to identify the presence of ice in the permanently
shadowed regions of the Moon [2] and Mercury [3].
Such a technique, will greatly enhance NetStation's ability
to distinguish between high-porosity sediments and high
volume fraction subsurface deposits of water ice.
The antenna design also enables NetStation to conduct
monostatic 3-D investigations in a cone-shaped region beneath
the lander by 'steering' the radiation pattern of the
radar's transmitted pulse with phase adjustments of the four
monopole antennas. The magnitude and direction of the
propagation vector of the reflected signal can then determined
by the simultaneous measurement of the signal's
magnetic and electrical components – a capability demonstrated
in Antarctic field tests of the Netlander GPR prototype
[4, 5]. In this way, the number, depth, orientation, and
electromagnetic characteristics of reflectors beneath the
lander can be determined.

Although designed primarily as a monostatic instrument,
for operation from a fixed lander[/size], the NetStation GPR can
also be operated bistaticly, in conjunction with radar instruments
on other spacecraft.


речь идет об широкоизвестных NetLander'ах
http://smsc.cnes.fr/NETLANDER/index.htm
http://smsc.cnes.fr/NETLANDER/gpr.htm

Vent

Цитироватьhe antenna design also enables NetStation to conduct
monostatic 3-D investigations in a cone-shaped region beneath
the lander by 'steering' the radiation pattern of the
radar's transmitted pulse with phase adjustments of the four
monopole antennas. The magnitude and direction of the
propagation vector of the reflected signal can then determined
by the simultaneous measurement of the signal's
magnetic and electrical components – a capability demonstrated
in Antarctic field tests of the Netlander GPR prototype
[4, 5]. In this way, the number, depth, orientation, and
electromagnetic characteristics of reflectors beneath the
lander can be determined.

Although designed primarily as a monostatic instrument,
for operation from a fixed lander[/size], the NetStation GPR can
also be operated bistaticly, in conjunction with radar instruments
on other spacecraft.


речь идет об широкоизвестных NetLander'ах
http://smsc.cnes.fr/NETLANDER/index.htm
http://smsc.cnes.fr/NETLANDER/gpr.htm
О таком типе георадаров узнал впервые. Ну, что ж, удачи в исследованиях.

Vent

Хотя, думается, результаты с одной неподвижной точки будут скорее "туманными". Очевидно, что гораздо информативнее профильные наблюдения с ровера.

instml

NASA selects DLR experiment for InSight mission to Mars
Цитировать

After the successful landing of the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, NASA has selected one more lander mission to Mars. The InSight mission will reach Mars in September 2016, after a six-month journey; it has been designed to take a 'look' into the deep interior of the Red Planet; it will do this with geophysical experiments including DLR's HP3, which will penetrate several metres into the Martian subsurface to measure the soil's thermo-physical and electrical properties.

"The selection of the mission InSight by NASA demonstrates the importance of exploring our planetary neighbour. I am very pleased that DLR can contribute with their own experiment on this lander to unveiling the mysteries of the Red Planet," said Johann-Dietrich W
Go MSL!

instml

http://www.spacenews.com/civil/120820-mars-lander-discovery.html
ЦитироватьInSight is now the last Mars surface mission in NASA's budget. The U.S. space agency currently is planning two other Mars missions but both are orbiters.

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution, or Maven, mission, managed by Goddard, is scheduled to launch late next year. Then, no sooner than 2018, NASA will look to launch its Mars Next Decade mission. The orbiter, which has yet to be designed, is intended to fill a void created by NASA's withdrawal from the European-led Mars sample-collection  campaign known as ExoMars.
Go MSL!

Космос-3794

CNES профинансирует и изготовит сейсмометр для миссии InSight:
 
Цитировать The French space agency, CNES, on Dec. 11 said its board of directors has approved a $42 million investment to provide a seismometer for NASA's InSight probe, to be launched to the surface of Mars in 2016.
In cooperation with other European laboratories, CNES will provide the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structures (SEIS) seismometer. InSight will deploy a probe to the martian surface to study Mars' geology and internal structure.
Measuring Mars' seismic activity is a principal goal of the mission, which will attempt to measure Mars' internal temperatures and their variation. InSight is designed to operate for two Earth years, equivalent to one Mars year.
In addition to France, institutes in Germany, Switzerland and Britain and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California collaborated on the development of SEIS.
CNES and French laboratories also contributed to two instruments onboard NASA's Curiosity rover, which landed on Mars in August.


CNES To Build Seismometer for NASA's Mars InSight Mission

instml

Go MSL!

instml

InSight mission to find what lies beneath Martian surface

Posted: March 30, 2013
 
 HOUSTON -- NASA's next Mars lander will launch in 2016 to take the red planet's pulse and temperature, listening for tremors, measuring underground heat and monitoring the wobble in its rotation to answer fundamental questions about what lies beneath the desert world's rust-colored surface.
 
 [SIZE=-2]Artist's concept of the InSight lander with its seismometer and heat probe drill deployed on the Martian surface. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech[/SIZE]
 
 Scientists expect the answers to help their understanding of how planets like Earth and Mars coalesced and evolved after the birth of the solar system, according to Bruce Banerdt, principal investigator for the InSight lander due to launch in March 2016.
"The InSight mission is a geophysical mission to Mars," Banerdt said. "It's going to go to Mars and take its vital signs. It's going to take its heartbeat - the seismic activity of the planet. It's going to take its temperature by measuring the thermal gradient of its surface, which tells us how much heat is coming out. And it's going to measure its reflexes by looking at how its rotation wobbles with the tidal effects of the sun."
Based on a proven lander design successfully demonstrated by NASA's Phoenix mission in 2008, the InSight spacecraft will make a rocket-assisted touchdown in a region named Elysium Planitia, a broad equatorial plain dotted with extinct volcanoes.
"It's very flat," Banerdt said. "There are lava flows nearby, and we have already picked out landing ellipses around the flow."
 
Спойлер
Banerdt is a researcher based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.
Teams identified 16 potential landing zones around the western side of Elysium Planitia. All of the ellipse-shaped landing site candidates meet the lander's engineering constraints, which stipulate an area of sufficiently low altitude to allow the spacecraft to safely make a parachute- and rocket-assisted descent.
InSight also needs a flat landing area free of large rocks with penetrable soil to a depth of at least 5 meters, or about 15 feet. The mission's two main instruments, a seismometer and drilling heat probe, require a site with soft rock-free soil.
According to a presentation by Matt Golombek, a geologist at JPL, the list of 16 candidate landing sites will be whittled down to and a half-dozen locations by the end of this year. Officials will sel ect two or three finalists by the end of 2014, ultimately leading to a final decision on InSight's destination by the end of 2015.
A high-resolution camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter will take detailed photos of each landing ellipse throughout the process, looking for hazards such as steep slopes and boulder fields.
Unlike NASA's Curiosity rover, which targeted a science-rich landing site on the flank of a three-mile-high mountain, InSight's landing site will be sel ected based solely on engineering and safety considerations.
The three-legged InSight lander, built by Lockheed Martin Corp., will set down on Mars in September 2016, starting a surface mission expected to last at least two years.
InSight was sel ected by NASA in August as the next project in the agency's Discovery program, which fields planetary exploration missions on tightly-controlled budgets. InSight's cost to NASA is capped at $425 million, excluding launch vehicle costs.
Engineers know the capabilities and limits of the Phoenix lander system, which was originally designed for a mission that was supposed to launch in 2001. The 2001 lander, named Surveyor, was canceled in the wake of the back-to-back failures of NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander missions in 1998.
The understanding will keep InSight's costs under control and simplify the mission's development, Banerdt said.
The stationary lander design, with its roots in the late 1990s, showed exemplary performance during the Phoenix mission, which launched in 2007 and touched down on the red planet's northern polar plains in May 2008.
The biggest change fr om the Phoenix spacecraft to InSight is a suite of new instruments. Instead of analyzing soil and scouring the surface for signs of ice, as Phoenix did, the InSight mission will deploy a seismometer to make the first direct measurements of Mars quakes. The lander will also employ a hammering drill to burrow up to 15 feet underground, taking temperature readings to measure heat changes at different layers immediately beneath the Martian surface.
The French space agency, CNES, is providing InSight's $42 million seismometer. Germany is funding the lander's underground heat probe.
Scientists will also analyze radio signals bouncing between Earth and the InSight spacecraft, detecting tiny wobbles in the red planet's rotation, revealing properties of the Martian core.
 
 [SIZE=-2]Artist's concept of the interior of Mars. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech[/SIZE]
 
 All the investigations have the objective of telling scientists about the interior of Mars. Banerdt said researchers can take that information a step further, comparing InSight's findings with what is known about Earth and the moon to paint a clearer picture of how the solar system's rocky planets formed and cooled.
"Mars is kind of the Goldilocks planet," Banerdt said. "It's not too big, it's not too small, it's just right. If it was too big, it would have retained a lot of activity and erased all the evidence that we're looking for. If it was too small, it never would have undergone the same processes that formed the Earth."
Among others, InSight will address questions such as:
    [/li]
  • Does Mars have a liquid or solid core?
  • What is the size of the Martian core?
  • How thick is the Martian crust?
  • How common are Mars quakes?
  • What is the composition of the Martian mantle?
  • How often do meteorites strike the Martian surface?
Up to now, Banerdt said, scientists could only guess answers to such questions.
"We are missing cold, hard data, and this is what this mission will provide," said Suzanne Smrekar, InSight's deputy principal investigator based at JPL.
"We've done a lot of exploring on the surface of Mars, and we have missions coming up to study the atmosphere," Banerdt said, referring to a pair of upcoming spacecraft - NASA's MAVEN mission and Europe's Trace Gas Orbiter - focused on the Martian atmosphere.
MAVEN will launch in November, and the Trace Gas Orbiter is scheduled to launch in January 2016, two months before InSight.
"But when it comes to what's below the surface of Mars, we don't understand as much," Banerdt said. "We are plugging that last big hole in the basic understanding of Mars."
Don't expect InSight to produce color panoramic images like the Curiosity rover. The lander will carry a set of black-and-white cameras, utilizing spares left over fr om NASA's rover missions to save money, according to Banerdt.
The cameras will monitor movements of the lander's robotic arm as it picks up the seismometer and drill instruments fr om the spacecraft's payload deck and places the devices on the Martian surface.
[свернуть]
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1303/30insight/
Go MSL!

Bizonich

#68
Цитироватьinstml пишет:
 http://smsc.cnes.fr/INSIGHT/
Старт 03.2016, посадка 09.2016.  :o   Новые горизонты 13 месяцев до Юпитера летел, а он flyby. Что за тирьямпампация, на чем он летит? Как такое возможно?
Блин, простите перекрыло меня что-то, решил что на Европу, офигел от такой новости. Сообщение не убираю, чтоб вспоминать свою глупость. Не пил, вот что самое странное.
Любознательный дилетант.

instml

Около Curiosity собираются садиться.

NASA Evaluates Four Candidate Sites for 2016 Mars Mission

Sept 4, 2013



NASA has narrowed to four the number of potential landing sites for the agency's next mission to the surface of Mars, a 2016 lander to study the planet's interior.

The stationary Interior Exploration Using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) lander is scheduled to launch in March 2016 and land on Mars six months later. It will touch down at one of four sites sel ected in August from a field of 22 candidates. All four semi-finalist spots lie near each other on an equatorial plain in an area of Mars called Elysium Planitia.

"We picked four sites that look safest," said geologist Matt Golombek of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.  Golombek is leading the site-selection process for InSight. "They have mostly smooth terrain, few rocks and very little slope."

Scientists will focus two of NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter cameras on the semi-finalists in the coming months to gain data they will use to sel ect the best of the four sites well before InSight is launched.

The mission will investigate processes that formed and shaped Mars and will help scientists better understand the evolution of our inner solar system's rocky planets, including Earth. Unlike previous Mars landings, what is on the surface in the area matters little in the choice of a site except for safety considerations.

"This mission's science goals are not related to any specific location on Mars because we're studying the planet as a whole, down to its core," said Bruce Banerdt, InSight principal investigator at JPL. "Mission safety and survival are what drive our criteria for a landing site."

Each semifinalist site is an ellipse measuring 81 miles (130 kilometers) from east to west and 17 miles (27 kilometers) from north to south. Engineers calculate the spacecraft will have a 99-percent chance of landing within that ellipse, if targeted for the center.

Elysium is one of three areas on Mars that meet two basic engineering constraints for InSight. One requirement is being close enough to the equator for the lander's solar array to have adequate power at all times of the year. Also, the elevation must be low enough to have sufficient atmosphere above the site for a safe landing.  The spacecraft will use the atmosphere for deceleration during descent.

All four semifinalist sites, as well as the rest of the 22 candidate sites studied, are in Elysium Planitia. The only other two areas of Mars meeting the requirements of being near the equator at low elevation, Isidis Planitia and Valles Marineris, are too rocky and windy. Valles Marineris also lacks any swath of flat ground large enough for a safe landing.

InSight also needs penetrable ground, so it can deploy a heat-flow probe that will hammer itself 3 yards to 5 yards into the surface to monitor heat coming fr om the planet's interior. This tool can penetrate through broken-up surface material or soil, but could be foiled by solid bedrock or large rocks.

"For this mission, we needed to look below the surface to evaluate candidate landing sites," Golombek said.

InSight's heat probe must penetrate the ground to the needed depth, so scientists studied Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter images of large rocks near Martian craters formed by asteroid impacts. Impacts excavate rocks fr om the subsurface, so by looking in the area surrounding craters, the scientists could tell if the subsurface would have probe-blocking rocks lurking beneath the soil surface.

InSight also will deploy a seismometer on the surface and will use its radio for scientific measurements.

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/insight/news/insight20130904.html
Go MSL!

pkl

Уууу... одни и те же места. Лучше бы на Фарсиде или в долинах Маринера. :(
Вообще, исследовать солнечную систему автоматами - это примерно то же самое, что посылать робота вместо себя в фитнес, качаться.Зомби. Просто Зомби (с)
Многоразовость - это бяка (с) Дмитрий Инфан

Вал

Цитироватьpkl пишет:
Уууу... одни и те же места. Лучше бы на Фарсиде или в долинах Маринера.  :(
В тексте есть ключевая фраза: "...мы выбрали четыре _безопасных_ места..."
"искать ключ под фонарем"  :(
5359055087344250

V.B.

ЦитироватьEach semifinalist site is an ellipse measuring 81 miles (130 kilometers) from east to west and 17 miles (27 kilometers) from north to south.
И где же эти эллипсы? Нарисовали кружочек диаметром ок. 180 км с центром ок. 3N:136E - и всё. А между тем чуть правее, на 5N:150E, целое "замерзшее море"!

Вал

ЦитироватьV.B. пишет:
ЦитироватьEach semifinalist site is an ellipse measuring 81 miles (130 kilometers) from east to west and 17 miles (27 kilometers) from north to south.
И где же эти эллипсы? Нарисовали кружочек диаметром ок. 180 км с центром ок. 3N:136E - и всё. А между тем чуть правее, на 5N:150E, целое "замерзшее море" !
Я вот все думаю, почему ни один из марсоходов не снарядили закладными взрывными устройствами? Ведь как было бы хорошо, к примеру, в подобном месте, оставить небольшую мину, отъехать подорвать и вот тебе -  вскрытие пород :)
5359055087344250

instml

Запускать будут из Ванденберга :o на Атлас-5-401.

Mars lander to launch from California on Atlas 5 in 2016
Спойлер

NASA's InSight lander will launch to Mars in March 2016 aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, officials announced Thursday.

The launch will mark the first interplanetary mission to lift off from America's West Coast space base about 140 miles northwest of Los Angeles. InSight will take off from Space Launch Complex 3-East at Vandenberg, the West Coast home of ULA's Atlas 5 rocket.

"We could not be more honored that NASA has sel ected ULA to launch the InSight mission, which will be landing on the surface of Mars," said Jim Sponnick, ULA's vice president of Atlas and Delta programs. "This mission will be the eighth mission to Mars that ULA vehicles have launched since 2001, including Mars Science Lab and most recently MAVEN."

According to NASA, the total cost for the launch of InSight is approximately $160 million, including spacecraft processing, payload integration, tracking, data and telemetry and other launch support requirements.

The Atlas 5 rocket for InSight will launch in the "401" configuration with a four-meter payload fairing, no solid rocket boosters and a single-engine Centaur upper stage.

All of NASA's probes to other planets have launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla., but the specifics of the InSight spacecraft gave officials flexibility in choosing the launch site, according to mission managers.

The InSight spacecraft is based on the Phoenix lander launched to the red planet in 2007. Phoenix was sized to fly on the smaller Delta 2 rocket, meaning an Atlas 5 has plenty of power to dispatch InSight to Mars from Florida or California.

Vandenberg typically hosts launches with Earth observation payloads heading for polar orbits.

"With 42 successful missions spanning more than a decade of operational service, the commercially developed Atlas 5 has the performance capability and the reliability required for this high-value NASA mission," Sponnick said in a statement.

NASA has considered launching Mars missions from California in the past. The agency's Mars Odyssey mission launched in 2001 was initially assigned to lift off from Vandenberg before its launch site was switched to Cape Canaveral.

The Atlas 5 launch manifest in Florida is busier than in California, so the selection of Vandenberg as InSight's launch base may reduce impacts to other ULA missions.

The three-legged InSight lander, built by Lockheed Martin Corp., will set down on Mars in September 2016, starting a surface mission expected to last at least two years.

The InSight mission will deploy a seismometer to make the first direct measurements of Mars quakes. The lander will also employ a hammering drill to burrow up to 15 feet underground, taking temperature readings to measure heat changes at different layers immediately beneath the Martian surface.

The French space agency, CNES, is providing InSight's $42 million seismometer. Germany is funding the lander's underground heat probe.

Scientists will also analyze radio signals bouncing between Earth and the InSight spacecraft, detecting tiny wobbles in the red planet's rotation, revealing properties of the Martian core.

All the investigations have the objective of telling scientists about the interior of Mars.

Bruce Banerdt, InSight's principal investigator from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said researchers can take that information a step further, comparing InSight's findings with what is known about Earth and the moon to paint a clearer picture of how the solar system's rocky planets formed and cooled.

InSight stands for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport.

NASA selected InSight in August 2012 as the next mission in the agency's Discovery program, which funds planetary exploration missions on relatively low budgets.

According to Banerdt, InSight's cost is projected to be approximately $480 million, excluding launch services and contributions fr om international partners in France and Germany.
[свернуть]

http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1312/19insight/
Go MSL!

max_schmurz

Да уж, оттуда к Марсу еще не летали!

Alex_II

ЦитироватьВал пишет:
Ведь как было бы хорошо, к примеру, в подобном месте, оставить небольшую мину, отъехать подорвать и вот тебе - вскрытие пород
И комплект сейсмодатчиков. Может даже многоразовых... Уже любопытно было бы...
И мы пошли за так, на четвертак, за ради бога
В обход и напролом и просто пылью по лучу...

pkl

А если нам запустить "Протоном" тяжёлый зонд-ударник? Мегаимпактор а-ля Дип Импакт? Или Мега-Луна-2. Я серьёзно - "Протон" нам разгонит этот искусственный метеорит, а потом он врежется в Марс в нужное место в нужное время. Для уточнения параметров столкновения можно установить камеру и радар с прямой трансляцией. + наблюдение с орбитальных зондов. Дёшево и сердито!
Вообще, исследовать солнечную систему автоматами - это примерно то же самое, что посылать робота вместо себя в фитнес, качаться.Зомби. Просто Зомби (с)
Многоразовость - это бяка (с) Дмитрий Инфан

G.K.

Цитироватьpkl пишет:
Дёшево и сердито!
Щас придёт SOE и скажет, что вы "космический вандал"
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0AtceJ_4vZ7mSdDV4QWVVdEY0RXRFQUc0X05RZjFpN1E#gid=10
Планы пусков. Обновление по выходным.

pkl

Пусть создателям LCROSS это скажет. Идея реально красива! Подобным макаром можно и Венеру зондировать, и Европу /спутник Юпитера 8) /.
Вообще, исследовать солнечную систему автоматами - это примерно то же самое, что посылать робота вместо себя в фитнес, качаться.Зомби. Просто Зомби (с)
Многоразовость - это бяка (с) Дмитрий Инфан