Скайлон - поговорим о ... и с чем его едят?

[triage]

немного удивительно, выдержка из новости

http://www.3dnews.ru/934309
Учёные ВВС США помогут в разработке космического самолёта Skylon
...
Но на помощь REL собираются прийти  научные кадры ВВС США. Научно-исследовательская лаборатория военно-воздушных сил США (AFRL) заинтересовалась проектом ещё в 2015 году  и подтвердила  его возможность воплощения в металле. Правда, речи о полноценной одностадийной космической системе пока не идёт. AFRL собирается представить двухступенчатую версию системы, базирующуюся на технологии SABRE либо в сентябре этого года на конференции American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) SPACE 2016, либо в марте 2017 года на 21-ой международной конференции, посвящённой космическим самолётам и гиперзвуковым системам, которая пройдёт в Китае
....
Программа AFRL носит название Durable Pre-cooling Heat Exchangers for High Mach Flight, что переводится на русский примерно как «надёжные охладители-теплообменники для гиперзвуковых полётов». Если верить заявлениям учёных, собирающихся работать над проектом, программа будет состоять из трёх фаз, последняя из которых уже может включать в себя тестовые полёты
.....

Научно-исследовательская лаборатория военно-воздушных сил США (AFRL)  собирается представить двухступенчатую версию системы...либо в марте 2017 года на 21-ой международной конференции, посвящённой космическим самолётам и гиперзвуковым системам, которая пройдёт в Китае

оригинал бы новости....

[Alex_II]

pnetmon пишет:
оригинал бы новости..

http://nextbigfuture.com/2016/06/us-air-force-research-will-develop.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2Fadvancednano+%28nextbigfuture%29

[Старый]

pnetmon пишет:
немного удивительно, выдержка из новости
 Научно-исследовательская лаборатория военно-воздушных сил США (AFRL) собирается представить двухступенчатую версию системы...либо в марте 2017 года на 21-ой международной конференции, посвящённой космическим самолётам и гиперзвуковым системам, которая пройдёт в Китае
оригинал бы новости....

АФРЛ - крупный и известный разработчик авиационной, ракетной и космической техники. (Извиняюсь, запамятовал какая когда и где их разработка летала последний раз.) 
 Кому ж как не ей представлять такие проекты...

[triage]

ну более первоисточник

 http://www.space.com/32115-skylon-space-plane-engines-air-force-vehicle.html
March 3, 2016
Since January 2014, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has been developing hypersonic vehicle concepts that use the Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine (SABRE), which was invented by England-based Reaction Engines Ltd. and would propel the company's Skylon space plane.
In April 2015, Reaction Engines announced that an AFRL study had concluded that SABRE is feasible. And AFRL is bullish on the technology; the lab will reveal two-stage-to-orbit SABRE-based concepts either this September, at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics' (AIAA) SPACE 2016 conference in Long Beach, California, or in March 2017, at the 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference in China, said AFRL Aerospace Systems Directorate Aerospace Engineer Barry Hellman.

[Старый]

Вобщем АФРЛ  рассмотрела проект Скайлона и определила что  в существующем виде он неосуществим. И тогда она выдвинула другой прожектик - двухступенчатого носителя. В котором от Скайлона будет разве что концепция двигателей. Естественно ломаного цента на этот прожектик тоже никто не дал, но на конференции с докладом блеснуть то можно.

[che wi]

ESA commits to next stage of UK revolutionary rocket engine

The UK's Farnborough airshow today saw ESA's commitment to the next step in developing a revolutionary air-breathing rocket engine that could begin test firings in about four years.

Спойлер

The Synergistic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine, SABRE, is a unique engine designed to use atmospheric air in the early part of its flight to orbit before switching to rocket mode for its final ascent to space.

The UK's Reaction Engines Ltd has been working on SABRE for many years. Success could lead to single-stage-to-orbit spaceplanes.

ESA is investing €10 million in SABRE, joining £50 million fr om the UK Space Agency. Since 2008, ESA has played an important technical management role.

In 2010, ESA independently reviewed SABRE's viability, opening the way to UK government investment.

Back in 2012, ESA oversaw the testing of a key element – the precooler that chills the hot airstream entering the engine at hypersonic speed. To render the air usable by the engine as oxidiser it needs to be cooled from 1000°C to –150°C in just a hundredth of a second – at the same time as avoiding the formation of potentially dangerous ice.

A number of research and development projects followed through ESA, helping to demonstrate the feasibility of other elements, such as the novel rocket nozzles, air intake design and thrust chamber cooling. ESA also helped to refine the overall SABRE design, looking at how it could be manufactured.

[свернуть]

Today saw the contract signing by Franco Ongaro, ESA's Director of Technical and Quality Management, and Mark Thomas, Chief Executive Officer of Reaction Engines Ltd, to commit the next stage of ESA funding towards SABRE.

"Reaction Engines and ESA have been working together since 2008 to make the SABRE concept a reality," says Director Ongaro. "This new contract marks an important milestone in our continued collaboration to mature the design. It should take us to a point wh ere we can expect to be testing a demonstrator engine in 2020."

In about two years, this latest phase should define the configuration of the engine as well as allow the detailed design of the prototype demonstrator engine to begin. Once the feasibility of the technology was demonstrated via individual elements in 2012, the next step is to build a ground demonstrator engine in 2020, which will bring all these elements together to verify the performance of the complete engine cycle.

The end result of this made-in-Europe technology would be low-cost, reliable and reusable engines, potentially enabling future vehicles that could perform the equivalent job of today's rockets while operating like an aircraft – revolutionising access to space.

[dmdimon]

Кто-нибудь может сказать, вот это вообще о чем?

МОСКВА, 13 июля. /ТАСС/. Комбинированный двигатель, с помощью которого самолеты смогут выполнять полеты и в атмосфере, и в ближнем космосе, создан в России и будет представлен на форуме "Армия-2016". Об этом сообщил журналистам командующий Ракетными войсками стратегического назначения (РВСН) Сергей Каракаев.
"В филиале Военной академии РВСН имени Петра Великого (г. Серпухов) разработан двигатель для перспективного воздушно-космического самолета. Данное ноу-хау позволило решить задачу создания комбинированной силовой установки летательного аппарата для перевода двигателя с воздушного режима работы при полете в атмосфере на ракетный - в космическом пространстве", - сказал Каракаев.

По его словам, модель прошла огневые испытания и "работоспособность агрегата доказана".

Подробнее на ТАСС:
http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/3450192

запостил сюда как в концептуально близкую - чтобы не плодить безответственно темы

[Валерий Жилинский]

dmdimon пишет:
Кто-нибудь может сказать, вот это вообще о чем?

Возможно речь о ракетно-прямоточном двигателе.

[dmdimon]

Валерий Жилинский пишет:

dmdimon пишет:
Кто-нибудь может сказать, вот это вообще о чем?

Возможно речь о ракетно-прямоточном двигателе.

так у них же вроде с заатмосферной частью не фонтан будет совсем? Потом - ничего такого принципиально нового в них нет....

[napalm]

По его словам, модель прошла огневые испытания и "работоспособность агрегата доказана".

Надо думать это 

http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/forum/messages/forum13/topic4979/message904416/#message904416

[dmdimon]

спасибо, видимо, вы правы.

[Salo]

http://spacenews.com/three-years-later-reaction-engines-gets-promised-uk-investment-in-rocket-technology/

Three years later, Reaction Engines gets promised UK investment in rocket technology
by Peter B. de Selding — July 13, 2016
 
Reaction Engines CEO Mark Thomas and European Space Agency Technical and Quality Management Director Franco Ongaro sign contract for further ESA investment in Reaction Engines's engine technology. More is on the way if ESA governments agree to Europeanize the program. Credit: ESA  
 
FARNBOROUGH, England – The European Space Agency on July 12 said it would release 10 million euros ($11 million) in support to Reaction Engines Ltd., whose space plane/hypersonic aircraft engine project in 2013 won substantial British government backing – none of which had been received until recently.
The company has since secured BAE Systems as a 20 percent shareholder and technology partner.
Franco Ongaro, ESA's director of technical and quality management, said a further 10 million euros could be spent through ESA to stimulate subcontractor work in Europe on Reaction Engines' Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine (SABRE) among other ESA member states.
At a briefing here during the Farnborough Air Show, Ongaro and Reaction Engines Chief Executive Mark Thomas said the new funding will help the company complete a preliminary design review of the SABRE engine in 2018, with a ground demonstration in 2020.
The British government in mid-2013 announced it would make 60 million British pounds ($78 million) in grants available to Reaction Engines to pursue development of SABRE and its key technology – a heat exchanger designed to take incoming air at 1,000 degrees Celsius and cool it to minus 150 degrees Celsius in one one-hundredth of a second, all the while preventing ice buildup.
At a briefing here during the Farnborough Air Show, Ongaro and Reaction Engines Chief Executive Mark Thomas said the new funding will help the company complete a preliminary design review of the SABRE engine in 2018, with a ground demonstration in 2020.
ESA's investment is part of the British government's commitment. ESA has been acting as a technology advisor to the British government on SABRE since 2008. In 2012, ESA oversaw testing of the pre-cooler and lent its credibility to Reaction Engines' long-held claim of a breakthrough in low-cost, reusable rocket technology.
The government had said that 35 million pounds would be released in the 2014/2015 fiscal year, with the remaining 25 million pounds to come a year later. It never happened.
The U.K. Parliament's Science and Technology Committee in June chastised the government for announcing a daring decision that, at the time of the committee's report, had shown no follow-up. The committee said the delay might have cost Reaction Engines part of its lead on future competitors, especially in the United States.
The U.S. Defense Department has been reserved in its public assessment of SABRE, but has said the technology could find applications as a hypersonic-delivery system and perhaps other uses.
To help secure U.S. government and U.S. industry backing, Reaction Engines on July 11 announced the creation of a U.S. subsidiary, with Adam Dissel, formerly system architect for responsive space at Lockheed Martin Space Systems, named president.
The parliamentary report referenced communications breakdowns between U.K. government agencies and Reaction Engines as one possible cause of the funding bottleneck. But during the July 12 briefing, Thomas said it was mostly due to the European Commission process of approving state aid to companies.
"In aerospace we are used to long-duration funding programs," Thomas said. "When the funding commitment from the U.K. government was announced in 2013, we knew it wasn't going to be a fast process. There were many, many hoops to jump through. I guess the biggest one was the EU state aid approval. That took a lot of effort from the U.K. government, the European Space Agency and ourselves to make sure we cleared that hurdle. We knew it was going to be a long process. The funds are now flowing."
Thomas said the investment is based on the company hitting specific development milestones. "As long as we hit the milestones, we're in good shape," he said.
BAE Systems in November 2015 invested 20.6 million British pounds into the company for a 20 percent equity stake has been a technology development partner for SABRE.
Reaction Engines in 2013 had estimated that a demonstrator project could cost as much as 300 million British pounds. But Thomas said the company has reassessed the cost of the demonstrator and now believes it can be completed at a much-lower cost. He declined to provide an estimate.
"We are moving forward in a significant way on a technology development that is revolutionary in terms of space transportation," Ongaro said. "We came to a success in 2012 with the demonstration of a unique cooler, which most people believed could not work. This opened the way to the full development of the engine.
"This is what we like to call a game changer. We are very happy to go ahead. The [U.K. Space Agency] will invest in parallel to us, on a national basis, for some technology development. We have a further 10 million euros in our [technology development] program to look for European technologies to complement the work at Reaction Engines."
Thomas said Reaction Engines was "very interested in collaboration. We know the project will only be successful because of collaboration. We have made a start on that through our BAE Systems working partnership.

[instml]

Boris Mekler пишет:

Они его пилят ещё с 1989-го года (или с 1982-го, смотря как считать), и говорят что для того чтобы оно полетело им нужно семь миллиардов фунтов. Спрашивается, нафига нужна такая радость?

Ну как зачем,
Очевидно, чтобы Британия вновь стала Владычицей Морей тьфу Бескрайнего космоса!!!

[Apollo13]

https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2017/08/fully-reusable-spacex-rockets-would-be-lower-cost-than-skylon-spaceplanes.html

Fully reusable Spacex Rockets would be lower cost than Skylon spaceplanes


brian wang | August 29, 2017 | 


Ashley Dove-Jay, PhD researcher in Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, analyzed the launch costs of fully reusable Spacex rockets against the also in development Skylon spaceplanes.
UPDATE : There is an update on the Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket which should have a 24 hour turnaround with no refurbishment resue and will be reusable about a dozen times.
Ashley used a reference document from Reaction Engines. The document is no longer available online.
Skylon remains uncompetitive when compared with even the partially reusable (let alone the fully reusable) Falcon rockets:
* Skylon costs about 30 times more than a Falcon 9 and 20 times more than a Falcon Heavy. While it is hypothetically more reliable (though I question this), such an enormous difference has a significant impact on insurance costs, which drives up operating costs further.
* Using an exotic and relatively expensive combination of jet and rocket propellants, it costs about six times more to refuel Skylon than a Falcon 9, and twice as much as a Falcon Heavy.


Skylon still needs a decade of development and testing – and £14 billion in investment.
Reaction Engines is gaining the support of the US Air Force.
Reaction Engines could be a way to achieve hypersonic fighter jets and spyplanes.
Even here though, low cost access to space could enable networks of low earth orbit satellites to have constant high resolution observation of the Earth by the early to mid-2020s.
Stratospheric balloons (Google Loon) and drones will also enable close up and high resolution observation of the Earth.
The main application then for Reaction Engines would be billion dollar a piece hypersonic fighter jets.
Perhaps later generation hypersonic planes would not be as costly and could be made reliable and low cost enough for hypersonic commercial passenger jets.

Spacex reusable rockets and any reusable spaceplanes need high volume applications like launching tourist passengers
Elon Musk is trying to make hundreds of flights per year economic by launching and maintaining a network of 4000-20,000 internet satellites.
There were 92 space launches worldwide in 2014.
Supporting a global network of 20,000 or more internet satellites (with 10-30 in each launch) would end up being a few hundred flights per year to space on a sustained maintenance basis and one to two thousand during the main deployment phase.
Full reusability of all stages could be technically proven in two years and a standard part of Spacex launches within five years.
By 2022, the buildout of the internet satellite network should be in full swing and the cost to low earth orbit per person (1000-2000 pounds to orbit, not the full rocket payload) could drop to $200,000 to $400,000 based upon the following chart of costs and launch frequency.
The truly lower costs from reusable vehicles are only fully realized from a high number of reuses and high number of flights per year. You can think of how costly a commercial jet would be if it only could fly a few times per year.

[garg]

Сравнение цен  самих аппаратов некорректное.
Для F9 берется цена пуска,а не изготовления. Особенно заметно на FH.  Плюс устаревшее - для пару разовых аппаратов. Блок 5 реальная цена изготовления - неизвестна,а пустотники тихорятся где  только могут по реальным цифрам и свистят везде где можно  набрехать с 3 короба без последствий.
Но вот цена пуска ПН уже адекватней и похожа на реальность, жаль без пометок для ракеток с оптимистичным/пессемистичным прогнозом.
А вот интересно - для Скайлона - проводился ли анализ на частоту пусков подобную соколику с учетом самозагрузки своей суперспутниковой  сетью - так  пришлось бы строить по 1-2 космоплана в год. Это не сбросит цену изделия раза в 2-3?

[Salo]

 Reaction Engines Inc‏ @ReactionEngUSA  25 сент.
Announcing @DARPA contract for High-Temp Testing of the @ReactionEngines precooler - huge step for #SABRE! http://bit.ly/2htrw7V 
 

[Salo]

http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Engineering_Technology/ESA_greenlight_for_UK_s_air-breathing_rocket_engine

ESA greenlight for UK's air-breathing rocket engine
                                     
SABRE engine core         
 
 14 March 2019
 The development programme of the world's first air-breathing rocket engine has taken an additional significant step forward, which will lead to major testing milestones being undertaken within the next 18 months.  
 ESA, together with the UK Space Agency (UKSA) recently reviewed the preliminary design of the demonstrator engine core of the Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine (SABRE), which Reaction Engines will use to undertake ground-based testing at test facility at Westcott, Buckinghamshire, which is currently under construction.
 "The positive conclusion of our preliminary design review marks a major milestone in SABRE development," comments Mark Ford, heading ESA's Propulsion Engineering section. "It confirms the test version of this revolutionary new class of engine is ready for implementation."  
 
SABRE engine
 
 SABRE is uniquely designed to scoop up atmospheric air during the initial part of its ascent to space at up to five times the speed of sound. At about 25 km it would then switch to pure rocket mode for its final climb to orbit.
 In future SABRE could serve as the basis of a reusable launch vehicle that operates like an aircraft. Because it would carry much less bulky onboard oxygen supplies, such a vehicle could deliver the same payload to orbit of a half the vehicle mass of current launchers, as well as potentially offering a large reduction in cost and higher launch rate.
 
Engine airflow
 
 ESA, via the UK Space Agency has invested €10 million in SABRE development, together with £50 million fr om UKSA. ESA also performs a technical oversight role on behalf of UKSA.
 ESA's involvement began in 2010 with an independent review of SABRE's viability, opening the way to UK government investment. Then, in 2012, ESA collaborated with Reaction Engines on testing of an essential element of SABRE – the pre-cooler that cools the hot airstream entering the engine at hypersonic speed, the performance of which was fully validated under ambient air temperatures.
 
Precooler testing for SABRE engine
 
 Reaction Engines launched a significant new element of its development programme in October 2016 to design, build and demonstrate a SABRE engine core. The test item consists of an engine core, which is a key module of the complete SABRE engine, but without the pre-cooler and rocket nozzle in place. Following completion of this core design and development activity major elements of the world's first air-breathing engine capable of accelerating from zero to Mach 5 will have been demonstrated. 
 The complete air-breathing core demonstrator will be fully representative of the SABRE thermodynamic core cycle, fuelled by liquid hydrogen, and will contain heat exchangers plus combustion and turbomachinery modules.
 
Westcott rocket engine site
 
 Testing of the core demonstrator will be undertaken at a dedicated test facility currently being built at Westcott Venture Park in Buckinghamshire, a historic site for British rocketry wh ere engines for the Blue Streak and Black Arrow rockets were tested.
 Chris Castelli, Director of Programmes at the UK Space Agency, said: "As the home of the jet engine, the UK has a rich aerospace heritage and world-renowned skills and expertise. This is an exciting landmark for Reaction Engines in the development of its SABRE engine, which could revolutionise both access to space and international travel by powering aircraft to five times the speed of sound.
 

  "The government's modern industrial strategy is putting the UK at the forefront of pioneering aerospace technologies and ensuring we thrive in the new commercial space age. Our £60m investment in SABRE is a great example of how we are backing the businesses of tomorrow."
 Shaun Driscoll, Programmes Director atReaction Engines, said:"Reaction Engines has had a hugely supportive relationship with ESA and we are delighted with this further endorsement of the SABRE engine design. This step opens the door to some exciting testing milestones which we will be undertaking in the next 18 months and moves us closer to the demonstration of the first SABRE engine, a unique class of scalable aerospace engines, which will revolutionise the way we travel around the globe, and get into orbit." 


 "One of the great advantages of the SABRE propulsion concept is that it is totally modular from both design and operational perspectives" explains Richard Varvill, Chief Technology Officer of Reaction Engines. "Therefore it is possible to subject each of the key components of the engine to rigorous ground testing, which fully mimic the operational conditions the engine will face up to Mach 5 flight at 25km altitude."

[Alex_II]

Британцы испытали предохладитель гибридного ракетного двигателя


Британская компания Reaction Engines, занимающаяся разработкой относительно компактного гибридного гиперзвукового ракетного двигателя SABRE, объявила об первых успешных испытаниях его системы предварительного охлаждения воздуха, проходящего по воздухозаборнику при сверхзвуковом полете. Как пишет Aviation Week, испытания состоялись в аэродинамической трубе с подогревом потока TF2 в Уоткинсе штата Колорадо. Состоявшиеся проверки разработчики признали успешными.
Разработка гибридного ракетного двигателя, который сможет использовать для сжигания топлива как атмосферный воздух, так и жидкий кислород, ведется с 2016 года. Силовая установка получит универсальные камеру сгорания и сопло. На старте и при разгоне SABRE будет работать как обычный прямоточный реактивный двигатель, используя для сжигания топлива воздух. Этот воздух будет подаваться в газогенератор по обводным воздухозаборникам, идущим вокруг системы подачи топлива и окислителя.
При достижении скорости в 5 чисел Маха силовая установка будет переходить в ракетный режим, в котором воздухозаборники будут перекрыты, а в воздуховоды начнет небольшими порциями подаваться жидкий кислород. В качестве топлива для двигателя планируется использовать жидкий водород. Для эффективной работы двигателя на скоростях до 5 чисел Маха поступающий из воздухозаборников воздух потребуется охлаждать. Для этого создается многоступенчатая система охлаждения, которая, согласно проекту, должна будет охлаждать воздух с 1 тысячи градусов Цельсия до −150 градусов.
Для охлаждения поступающего воздуха Reaction Engines создала систему, представляющую собой сеть из 16800 тончайших трубок. В сами трубки под давлением в 200 бар (197 атмосфер) подается жидкий гелий, выполняющий роль теплоносителя. Испытания, о которых объявила британская компания, проходила первая ступень системы охлаждения — предохладитель. Во время проверок, состоявшихся 25 марта 2019 года, предохладитель справлялся со снижением температуры набегающего воздуха с 426 градусов Цельсия до чуть более, чем 100 градусов.
Испытания проводились при скорости воздушного потока 3,3 числа Маха. В установке TF2 для нагрева подаваемого в рабочую камеру воздуха использовался турбореактивный двигатель J79. Такие ставились на истребители F-104 Starfighter и F-4 Phantom II, а также на палубные сверхзвуковые бомбардировщики A-5 Vigilante. Во время испытаний нагретый двигателем воздух проходил через охлаждающую установку комплекса TF2, где его температура снижалась до требуемых 426 градусов Цельсия.
Теперь разработчики планируют провести испытания предохладителя двигателя SABRE на скорости воздушного потока 4,2 числа Маха, а затем — 5 чисел Маха. Как ожидается, при штатной работе предохладитель должен будет снижать температуру воздушного потока на скорости 5 чисел Маха с 982 градусов Цельсия до 93 градусов. Ранее сообщалось, что испытания полностью собранной силовой установки могут состояться в 2020-2021 году. Испытания предохладителя состоялись вскоре после того, как Reaction Engines защитила эскизный проект SABRE.
Сегодня несколько компаний по всему миру занимаются разработкой новых двигателей для перспективных ракет-носителей. Предполагается, что благодаря этим разработкам космические запуски удастся сделать проще и дешевле. Подробнее о наиболее интересных проектах вы можете почитать в нашем материале «Установки на будущее».
Василий Сычёв
https://nplus1.ru/news/2019/04/08/reaction
https://www.reactionengines.co.uk/news/reaction-engines-test-programme-successfully-proves-precooler-capability-supersonic-heat-conditions

[pkl]

Судя по статье предохладитель заявленные характеристики не подтверждает.

[Alex_II]

pkl пишет:
Судя по статье предохладитель заявленные характеристики не подтверждает.

Ясен пень - ну так ведь никто и не говорит, что он уже готов... Работа продолжается.