Европа созрела для самостоятельных пилотируемых полетов

[Salo]

Кстати Союз 2-1б из Куру стартует в конце следующего года.

[frigate]

Ariane 2010 Evolution
Image
Ariane 2010 and Alternatives, 2003 PDF Document

Да уж, много воды утекло, и 2010 уже не за горами...  

[frigate]

Еще один нюанс: группировка судов-спасателей на каждый пуск.

И не только:  :idea:
- транспортитовка Союз-ТМА из России на космодром во Французской Гвиане (самолет + авто либо море + авто);
- инфраструктура космодрома (МИК) не рассчитана на ПН таких размеров (дополнительные кап. затраты на
инфраструктуру которая должна обеспечивать разгрузку, заправку и стыковку КК с РН);
- поисково-спасательный комлекс должен обеспечивать своевременное обнаружение и "отлавливание" СА
вдоль всей траектории выведения проходящей над акваторией Атлантического океана (а это корaбли,
вертолёты и самолёты, по крайней мере в 3 точках траектории);

Выливается в сотни тысяч евро (по ценам 2004 года) фиксированных расходов и десятки тысяч -
условно переменых (на каждый пуск).
Не уверен что "овчинка стоит выделки"  

[Карлсон]

ПАРИЖ, 7 июл - РИА Новости, Владимир Добровольский. Подразделение европейской аэрокосмической группы EADS Astrium в 2016 году разработает по заказу Европейского космического агентства (ЕКА) новый грузовой космический корабль ARV (Advanced Re-entry Vehicle), способный возвращаться на землю, говорится в коммюнике Astrium.

"Astrium должна определить требования, необходимые для создания грузотранспортной системы на Международную космическую станцию (МКС), способной вернуться на землю, а также необходимые этапы ее создания. Общая стоимость программы ARV для ЕКА составит 21 миллион евро", - говорится в коммюнике.

По мнению руководства компании, новая непилотируемая система, основанная на "космическом грузовике" предыдущего поколения ATV (Automated Transfer Vehicle), сможет совершить первые демонстрационный полет к 2016 году.

Первый европейский грузовой космический корабль "Жюль Верн" ATV стартовал к МКС 9 марта 2008 года и пристыковался к станции 3 апреля, доставив около девяти тонн различных грузов, в том числе топливо, продукты питания и научную аппаратуру. Он отстыковался от станции 6 сентября и закончил свое существование в водах Тихого океана 29 сентября.

"Следующим этапом может стать изучение возможности использования ARV для транспортировки космонавтов в космос и их безопасное возвращение обратно", - утверждается в коммюнике.

http://www.rian.ru/science/20090707/176596752.html

[саша]

Даже у китайцев сроки меньше вышли.

[us2-star]

Да-а.. а в 1990-е я думал что "Гермес" полетит рантьше чем китайский КК..    
Ошибся, бывает..  
Но пилотируемый ARV, уж точно полетит раньше , чем китайцы высадятся на Луну..  

[Дмитрий Виницкий]

Никогда не сомневался, что Гермес никогда не полетит. Особенно после полёта Кретьена.

[us2-star]

Ну, как показала практика.. Вы оказались правы.. (и не только по "Гермесу".., а по жизни вообще )
так что, Китайцы раньше?

[Дмитрий Виницкий]

Оба предположения слишком туманны. Старый бы ответил - никогда, а китайцы - лет через 30. :wink:
Я не оракул.

[us2-star]

Какие оба? "Китайцы на Луне" vs "Европа на европейском корабле в космосе"?
А как бы можно было-бы поспорить.. сроки многое позволяют..  
Но раз Вы пас..
Спросим Оракула?

[Salo]

http://www.roscosmos.ru/NewsDoSele.asp?NEWSID=6684

07-07-2009 В ЕКА начинаются работы по созданию ATV с возвращаемым отсеком
   Сегодня, 7 июля, Европейское космическое агентство подписало контракт с подразделением компании EADS Astrium в Бремене по проекту перспективного возвращаемого корабля (Advanced Reentry Vehicle (ARV)), сообщает пресс-служба ЕКА.
   Напомним, что проект ARV был утвержден Министерской Комиссией ЕКА в ноябре 2008г.
ARV представляет собой модифицированную версию европейского грузовика ATV, который успешно совершил один полет к Международной космической станции.
   Верхний отсек нового корабля будет предназначен для возврата полезных грузов на Землю.
Выведение ARV планируется на РН «Ариан 5». ЕКА также предполагает в будущем усовершенствовать ARV и сделать его пилотируемым.
Видео-презентация ARV представлена на сайте ЕКА http://www.esa.int/esaHS/SEMKCY4DHNF_iss_0.html.

[Salo]

http://cybersecurity.ru/space/74540.html

Европа работает над космическим модулем Expert

(19:01) 21.07.2009

Британский телеканал Би-Би-Си сообщает о продолжении в Европе работ, связанных с созданием многоразового космического пилотируемого корабля. Сегодня Европейское космическое агентство подписало контракт на производство прототипа модуля Expert, при помощи которого Европа намерена отработать технологию возвращения аппаратов из космоса.

Предполагается доставить модуль Expert (EPERimental Re-entry Test-bed) при помощи ракеты-носителя на высоту чуть более 105 км, где уже в полной мере наблюдаются условия космической невесомости и радиации, после чего отработать технику мягкой посадки аппарата.

Модуль Expert предполагается оснастить массой различных датчиков и сенсоров, которые будут фиксировать различные параметры спуска и посадки конусообразного космического модуля.

В Европейском космическом агентстве рассказывают, что на основе данных, полученных в испытаниях Expert планируется создать реальный космический аппарат ARV, способный вначале выйти в космос, а затем безопасно вернуться оттуда. ARV будет существовать в двух вариантах - грузовом и пассажирском. Ожидается, что создание этого аппарата начнется в начале 2011 года.

Что касается Expert, то эта система будет представлять собой блок 1,5 метра в длину и около 450 кг массы. На его борту будут находиться 15 научных инструментов, записывающих разные аэродинамические, термические и прочие показатели, которые могут пригодиться при дальнейших разработках реальных кораблей.

Специалисты говорят, что так как Expert будет представлять собой тестовый модуль, он не будет выведен летать на орбите на космической скорости, его скорость движения составит около 5 км/сек, что позволит аппарату зафиксировать все необходимые данные. Задачи Expert - воссоздать условия, с которыми придется иметь дело в реальных космических посадках, говорят в ЕКА.

Контракт на производство Expert был подписан с итальянской компанией Thales Alenia Space, стоимость производства модуля составит 30 млн евро, причем 15 млн будет стоить только лишь оборудование. Запустить Expert планируется с российской подлодки в Тихом океане при помощи баллистической ракеты Волна. По предварительным данным, запуск намечен на вторую половину 2010 года. Посадка Expert на парашюте запланирована в один из удаленных регионов Камчатки.

[Дмитрий Виницкий]

Atmospheric re-entry Demonstrator
Satellite and spacecraft propulsion systems from Astrium Lampoldshausen
 

    

ARD re-entry
Image courtesy ESA

 


Thruster
external view


ESA's Atmospheric re-entry Demonstrator (ARD) is an unmanned, 3-axis stabilised automatic capsule that was launched aboard Ariane 5 flight 503 on 21 October 1998.

ARD was a major step towards developing and operating space transportation vehicles that can return to Earth, whether carrying payloads or people. For the first time, Europe accomplished a complete space mission - launching a vehicle into space and recovering it safely.

One of ARD's objectives was to validate the flight control algorithms that were developed as part of the former Hermes spaceplane programme. The guidance algorithm is similar to that used by NASA's Space Shuttle, based on a reference deceleration profile and also used by Apollo. This approach allows a good final guidance accuracy with limited real-time calculation complexity and storage requirements.

The ARD's automatic navigation, guidance and control system consists of a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, an inertial navigation system, a computer, the associated data bus and power supply and distribution system, and a Reaction Control System.

The Reaction Control System was derived from the Ariane 5 Attitude and Orbital Control System, designed, developed and produced at Astrium Lampoldshausen.

ARD's Reaction Control System comprised seven CHT 400 N hydrazine thrusters and two 58 litre BT/01 bladder tanks pressurised with nitrogen. The thrusters are positioned so that three provide control in pitch, two in roll and two in yaw.

From its maximum height of 830 km, ARD commenced Earth re-entry at an altitude of 120 km and a velocity of around 27,000 km/h.

Using the 400 N steering control, ARD achieved a precision landing within the 5 km target range, entering the Pacific Ocean beneath parachutes. Such accuracy is equivalent to scoring a goal from a distance of 25 km.

The buoyant ARD was later recovered by a French Naval vessel guided by Sarsat radio beacon.

http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/mwade/craft/esaacrv.htm


10 лет спустя...

[Лютич]

И как это они Эксперт планируют Волной запускать, если Минобороны еще в прошлом году запретило какие-либо космические пуски с ПЛАРБ?

[Salo]

Наверное потому, что не считают суборбитальные пуски космическими. :wink:
http://www.esa.int/esaHS/SEMC9A7JT2G_index_0.html

Expert Launch Contract Signed With SRC Makeyev



10 December 2009
The launch operations and vehicle recovery contract for ESA's European Experimental Re-entry Testbed (Expert) was signed on 2 December in Moscow, Russia, between ESA and the Russian Makeyev State Rocket Centre. The contract was signed by ESA's Director of Human Spaceflight Simonetta Di Pippo and Makeyev State Rocket Centre's Deputy General Director for Economics and Finance, Sergey Glazyrin.
 
Under the contract the Makeyev State Rocket Centre will have the responsibility of integrating the Expert vehicle into a Volna rocket, which will be launched by a Russian submarine in the Central Pacific Ocean. They will also coordinate the Expert capsule search and recovery operations conducted by helicopter at the landing site, a Russian military test range in the Kamchatka peninsula. Expert is currently scheduled to be launched on its suborbital trajectory in October 2010.

"The signing of this contract has been made possible through the close and intensive cooperation of the European and Russian teams, led by V. Danilkin, Deputy Head of SRC Makeyev, that have put all their efforts into this essential project for many years in order to help bring it to a successful conclusion" said Marco Caporicci, ESA's Head of Transportation and Re-entry Division.  
    
   
Expert depicted during reentry

Expert will provide aero-thermodynamic tool validation on the basis of actual flight data for a number of physical phenomena encountered by space transportation vehicles during their re-entry phase in Earth's atmosphere. It includes a series of scientific flight measurement equipment, including classic and advanced techniques such as temperature, heat-flux and pressure sensors, spectrometers and an infrared camera, all of which will help to improve European competence in atmospheric re-entry and associated technologies.

The data collected from the instruments during the Expert vehicle re-entry phase at a velocity of up to 5 km/sec will provide improved information on the aero-thermodynamic re-entry conditions, which in turn will be a great help in the design of future space vehicles such as the Advanced Re-entry Vehicle (ARV).
 
    
   Signing of the Expert contract

"This technology is integral to ESA's future objectives in Human Spaceflight especially with respect to exploration goals" said Simonetta Di Pippo, ESA's Director of Human Spaceflight.

"The data that we will obtain from this technology demonstration mission is integral to ESA's future objectives in Human Spaceflight and Exploration" Di Pippo said. "Development of this form of testbed technology is a cost effective way to build the security and reliability into our systems and to pave the way for Europe's future space vehicles and to our space transportation autonomy. This in turn will reinforce overall global human spaceflight and exploration undertakings starting with the ISS whose operations are being considered for extension through 2020 and beyond"
 
    
   The EXPERT vehicle with its launcher adapter from inside and outside.

Developing improved space transportation systems requires increased confidence in the knowledge of re-entry phenomena and a reduction of the design margins to increase system performance. The availability of detailed experimental data will allow the refinement of the aerodynamic and aero-thermodynamic models and project tools.

The development of the Expert vehicle is being carried out under ESA management with Thales Alenia Space, Italy as the prime contractor. "The payloads are provided by several European research institutes and universities, under ESA contract and additional own funding" said Jose' Gavira, EXPERT Project Manager.  
 
Currently the first flight units of the Expert payloads have been delivered and manufacture of the vehicle hardware is under way. The Expert vehicle and payloads will undergo final integration at the Thales Alenia space in Italy in the Spring of 2010 prior to its shipment to Russia during the summer of 2010 to undergo launch integration.

[Johannes]

EC-ESA WORKSHOP ON INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY WITHIN SPACE EXPLORATION[/size], Harwell (UK) 29/30 April 2010[/size]

Presentation: Access to LEO EADS Astrium [pdf, 674 KB]

[frigate]

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/esp/conferences_space_en.htm
Там ещё много чего интересного опубликовано.  :idea:

[frigate]

Bulletin ESA N 138 2010

CREW TRANSPORTATION AND HUMAN EXPLORATION

Crew Space Transportation System (CSTS)
In the frame of the CSTS breadboarding activities, the openloop
Soft Docking System tests (part of the avionics activities)
and the test of the CSTS Thermal Protection System (at the
Scirocco facility) have been completed. Longer-duration
tests are foreseen in following this first test. Verhaert have
completed the Alternative Load Sensor unit test campaign
and the test report has been delivered to the prime contractor
(Thales Alenia Space Italy).

Advanced Reentry Vehicle (ARV)
The two Phase O industrial studies of the ARV are proceeding
satisfactorily with the consolidation of requirements to
support the subsequent Phase A.
A proposal for the Phase A study has been approved for
implementation by the programme's participating states
on mid March. The industrial contract is expected to be in
place by June 2009 with a plan of activities lasting until end
2010. Another procurement proposal for the ARV Operations
Avionic Subsystem has also been submitted to the Industrial
Policy.

International Berthing Docking Mechanism (IBDM)
A conceptual review for the Integrated Actuation Unit and
a design review for the latching subsystem were held on
21 January, during which an aluminium model of the novel
gearbox was presented to prove the concept kinematics. The
gearbox using this concept will now be designed to drive the
latch.
A number of activities concerning the IBDM design and test,
as well as the Control and Display, have been endorsed by the
programme's participating states on 17/18 February. Work on
the IBDM interoperability aspects is making progress, with the
IBDM system and the equivalent NASA Low Impact Docking
System (LIDS) becoming the standard for future ISS and
Exploration applications. A Technical Interface Meeting took
place on the 5/6 February in Houston with the participation
of ESA, NASA, JAXA, Roscosmos and CSA. NASA has confirmed
their positive position to a collocation of engineers from
European industry in Johnson Space Center for the detailed
definition of the IBDM interface.
The validation and acceptance testing of the Electromagnetic
(linear) Actuators has now been completed. The Final
Acceptance and Qualification Review meeting was
successfully held at ESTEC on 14 January 2009. Open-loop
tests involving the IBDM avionics started in March 2009. The
avionics have been integrated with the IBDM Soft Docking
System and the commissioning phase has been completed.

EXPERT
The EXPERT Payloads Qualification Review was completed
and the Payloads Flight Models manufacturing activities
were initiated by the institutes and payload providers. The
EXPERT subsystems Critical Design Reviews (CDRs) have been
completed by Thales Alenia Space Italy with ESA support.
The system CDR was performed in February; all outstanding
items were completed by the 1 April.
The contract for the Launch and Recovery activities has been
negotiated with Makeyev. The application of Makeyev for the
launch of EXPERT is expected to be approved by the Russian
authorities shortly.

Lunar Lander activities
Alternative approaches for the development of a European
Lunar Lander have been explored, including, besides the Cargo
Mission based on a full Ariane 5 launch and the MoonNEXT
concept, a smaller mission on a shared Ariane 5 geostationary
transfer orbit launch. In preparation and support of future
work on these missions, a Lunar Lander Request for
Information (RFI) was posted on the ESA web site on 2 March.
ESA's Directorate of Human Spaceflight invited industrial,
technology and scientific communities to provide inputs
for experiments and payload elements for accommodation
on its first lunar lander. The RFI has drawn a remarkable
interest and participation, the last submissions are due by
14 April.
Concerning the Ariane 5 shared launch, ESA proposes to
implement the assessment of this mission as additional
work to the MoonNEXT studies. Both mission concepts
would provide a precursor mission supporting technology
demonstration, as well as providing a suitable payload
delivery capability. It is envisaged that the additional
industrial studies would take about six months. A trade-off
between these different mission concepts would be needed
before deciding which lander version would enter the
development phase.
The planned studies on Moon Surface Infrastructure and the
Cargo Lander Phase A are expected to start at the end of 2009
or in early 2010.

International architecture development and scenario studies
A final presentation on 'International Architecture
Development and Scenario Studies' was held on 16 January
at ESRIN, Frascati, with about 90 participants from industry,
research organisations, national agencies and Programme
Board Delegates. The study has helped to increase the
understanding of integrated architectures for human
operations in low Earth orbit and human missions to the
Moon and Mars, and in particular, has provided a strong
rationale for a European-provided lunar cargo lander in
support of international human missions to the Moon.
The ESA/NASA Comparative Architecture Assessment (CAA)
is progressing into Phase 2. The last meetings on 9 January
and 2/6 February 2009 focused on the development and
consolidation of mission scenarios and requirements for the
Ariane 5 based Lunar Cargo Lander. A meeting on the ESA/
JAXA CAA, to identify commonalities and differences in their
current lunar exploration architecture, was held at ESTEC on
19/21 January 2009.
In the framework of the International Space Exploration
Coordination Group (ISECG), an international lunar
architecture workshop was held on 3/5 February in Houston,
with participants from ASI, BNSC, CNES, DLR, ESA, NASA,
JAXA and Roscosmos. During the workshop, three reference
scenarios (sortie, extended stay, outpost) for human lunar
exploration were defined which will serve as a framework for
the assessment of the architecture elements. The next lunar
architecture workshop will take place on 2/4 June and will be
hosted by ESA.
ESA and NASA are currently in the process of negotiating a
study agreement which will enable the exchange of more
detailed information in support of this work.
The 3rd ISECG Meeting was held on 10/12 March 2009 in
Yokohama, Japan. Representatives from 10 space agencies
around the world adopted, for further study, three scenarios
for conducting internationally coordinated robotic and
human exploration activities on the Moon.
A 'Tripartite Space Dialogue' meeting led by the ESA Director
General with the Russian space agency Roscosmos and the
European Commission on the continuation of the cooperation
with Russia on crew transportation took place in Moscow
on 17/18 March. During the meeting it was agreed with
Roscosmos to redirect the spaceship working group to cover
also scenarios for orbital infrastructure after the ISS, as well
as shorter term aspects concerning the scientific exploitation
of the ISS.

Human exploration technology
On Habitation and Life Support, two activities for
implementation, namely the development of a Water
Treatment Unit Breadboard and further development of
the MELiSSA Pilot Plant, were endorsed by the programme's
participating states on 17/18 February. The MELiSSA Pilot Plant
inauguration is planned for 4 June 2009.
On the Aurora Core programme, work has continued on
the package of autonomous soft-landing technology
development activities, with the completion of the early
phases of the vision-based navigation demonstrator and
sensor architecture activities. The LIDAR-based navigation
demonstrator was initiated and coordinated with the ongoing
Technology Research Programme bread-boarding activity.
Work has also progressed on the flight performance of an
autonomous helicopter which will form part of the Precision
Landing GNC Test Facility.

[Guest1]

CTV и Expert на авиасалоне ILA2010:

[Лютич]

Гы, они верят в скорейшее согласование от МО по Эксперту - уморы...