Человек на Луне к 2017: NASA вариант

[ronatu]

UPI Exclusive: NASA Begins Moon Return Effort
by Frank Sietzen
Washington (UPI) Jul 29, 2004

http://www.spacedaily.com/news/spacetravel-04zq.html


Inside NASA, planners have begun to assemble teams that are looking deep inside President George W. Bush's new vision of space exploration.

Their goal: define the characteristics of the first new piloted spaceship since the space shuttle, and establish the initial steps and stages by which these new craft will attempt a series of moon landings.
Inside NASA's Exploration Mission Directorate, a requirements group is busily working to put substance into the new assault on the moon.

What are NASA's requirements for the new moonship? According to Mike Lembeck, who heads the requirements group, they compose a soup-to-nuts catalog of everything moonwalking astronauts will need on their initial forays: How big will the ships be? How many astronauts will they carry? How will their launching rockets get them there? When they get to the moon, what will be the profiles of their explorations, and what science will they seek?

Soon, the planners will call upon industry to start designing the ships.

We hope to get an RFP (request for proposal) out by January on the CEV (crew exploration vehicle), and have a fly-off of two teams in 2008, Lembeck said.

The fly-off, a staple of contracting for military aircraft, will be new to NASA's manned space efforts.

Lembeck described a process by which the space agency will choose a pair of teams, each with a complete design for the CEV, its booster rocket, and the method by which it would achieve Earth orbit and become part of a manned moon flotilla.

Each contractor-led team would include subcontractors that would provide the moonbound astronauts with equipment, life support, rocket thrusters and onboard navigation systems. The Earth orbit fly-offs would pit one complete design against another, with NASA choosing the winner, who would build the final ships.

Reusability is likely to be a valuable component, but initially not essential, Lembeck said. Rather, it is what makes the most sense in designing the 21st century lunar craft.

Lembeck's group released an initial study request last month to begin gathering issues and potential needs for the spaceships, clearing the path so the actual contract request in January can be more focused. They want the moon version of the CEV to contain systems that can be evolved to sustain deeper trips into space, such as voyages to asteroids or manned flights to Mars.

Right now, however, the shape of the craft is not a main priority.

We aren't focused on the mouldline, Lembeck said, only what needs to be inside. Current thinking, he said, is the lunar CEV might be sized for four astronauts -- the Mars ship for six.

We are thinking in terms of two-person teams for EVAs, he explained. EVAs, or spacewalks, would be designed around a minimum of two astronauts outside at a time.

Studies will also determine by the end of this year if the CEV and the lunar lander will be separate spacecraft, or if they can be combined into a single ship. The current thinking by mission planners is attempting a single lunar landing per year, starting no later than 2020, but perhaps as early as 2017.

Lembeck said NASA is planning to have the fly-off winner design the CEV ships in a series of spirals, or complete packages of spacecraft systems and subsystems:


+ Spiral one would comprise the early CEV capable of carrying crews into orbit for testing flights.
+ Spiral two would consist of true moonships, able to stay on the moon from a few days to a week.

+ Spiral three would be the most capable ships, which could extend human presence on the moon up to three months, basically establishing an initial lunar base.

NASA planners currently are focusing on a three-part plan to return to the moon that they call trade studies.

During Project Apollo in the 1960s and '70s, astronauts flew into Earth orbit aboard a giant Saturn V rocket carrying an Apollo command ship and a separate landing craft. The top stage of the rocket blasted the lunar duo to the moon, where the lander detached from the capsule mothership and descended to the surface, remaining there for up to nearly three days.

The first return flights under the new plan would strongly resemble the most advanced Apollo missions.

These first missions would follow a minimalist approach, Lembeck said. They might employ separate transfer and landing systems, carrying the spaceship elements together until moon orbit, as did Apollo, then detaching for landing at relatively safe locations along the moon's equator. Astronauts would then stay on the surface for up to a week's duration.

The second wave of flights would be more complex. The elements for the flight actually might be assembled at the L-1 point -- the Lagrange point, about 930,000 miles up, at which the gravitational influences of the Earth and the moon cancel each other out.

Following assembly at L-1, the craft then would embark toward the moon, following a flight path that would cover virtually all of the moon's regions and allowing landings in more scientifically interesting, but more potentially hazardous, locales. Stay times would also average as long as a week.

The third wave would consist of the most ambitious missions currently being considered. These would require the most capable CEVs and landers, with their components assembled either in low Earth orbit or at L-1. The ships would land at the moon's poles, establish base camps, and stay 45 days and longer. These outposts then would become the first U.S. lunar bases.

Lembeck noted that astronauts on these later missions would bring equipment and tools that would be needed on a Mars outpost, making the first moon bases the testing grounds for the Mars assault.

While planners already are addressing CEV and moon-mission designs, a team of researchers at NASA's Goddard Spaceflight Center in Greenbelt, Md., is completing an initial review of the scientific objectives of the landings.

For the return to Earth, the directorate is studying various types of configurations, including a rocket-assisted setdown on land, like the Russians use on their Soyuz capsules. Another option involves descending directly to Earth from moon orbit, as did the Apollo astronauts. The teams are studying the moonship's launching rockets as well.

Lembeck said these reviews include the size of the boosters, the methods by which the astronauts could escape a launching accident, and whether an engine loss could be sustained and still allow the flight to continue.

The planners also are reviewing the entire suite of space equipment, including new designs for spacesuits, habitats that could be built on the surface, what crews would need to construct them and the kinds of robots they would need to accompany them on their traverses across the moon's rocky terrain.

For longer journeys into space, however, future astronauts will need a whole new kind of rocket power -- and the means to generate power as well.

[Agent]

Интересная статья.
То что они решили заказать 2 комплекта полного дизайна миссии, имхо, очень правильно.
Собирать корабль в Л1 действительно смысл имеет?
САС для лунного модуля ... а ведь нада. Как то и в голову не приходило.

БТВ, НАСА выпустило новый BAA. резюме тута http://space.com/news/moon_mars_040729.html
Последний пункт интересен - дето в октябре (срок подачи предложений до 24 сентября) будет много инфы про то, что и как с лунных ресурсов можно использовать.

ЗЫ: а вот идея про первую и вторую волны мне не понравилась. Ладно бы по одному полету...  Представляю, что скажет РДА по этому поводу

[avmich]

Что это за L-1 высотой в 930 тысяч миль?.. От Земли до Луны 380 тысяч километров примерно, 250 тысяч миль...

[Зомби. Просто Зомби]

Ладно к мелочам придираться-то  :mrgreen:

[X]

А интересно было бы прочесть все это по-русски. И прочим санниковым тоже.

[ronatu]

Landing craft on an exploration mission to the south pole of the Moon 1994[/size]


Source: http://www.abo.fi/~mlindroo/Station/Slides/sld049c.htm

Plan: 1994

[X]

n/\aHbI  NASA  Ha  2005  rog  (budget):[/size]



1. Completing construction of the International Space Station and retiring the space shuttle by 2010;


2. Developing a new crew exploration vehicle (CEV) for human missions into space, with initial test flights carried out by 2008 and a first crewed mission no later than 2014;


3. Relying on international partners for access to the ISS during the period between the shuttle's retirement and the start of CEV operations;


4. Resuming robotic missions to the moon starting around 2008 and continuing robotic missions to Mars; and


5. Returning U.S. astronauts to the moon sometime during the 2015-2020 period. (NASA's projected budget incorporates the assumption that a first crewed lunar landing will occur in 2020 but does not include explicit plans or schedules for establishing a lunar base or for sending astronauts to Mars. However, the agency proposes to allocate $2.2 billion during the 2018-2020 period to prepare for human missions beyond the first human lunar return landing.)

[ronatu]

Ew,e"  ogHa  ugeR - g/\R  3anycka CEV  ucno/\b3oBaTb  yckopuTe/\b WaTT/\a:
 
http://www.thespacereview.com/article/226/1




The shuttle's SRB could be combined with an upper stage to launch a CEV more effectively than an EELV, some believe. (credit: ATK Thiokol/The Planetary Society)

[Старый]

Ew,e"  ogHa  ugeR - g/\R  3anycka CEV  ucno/\b3oBaTb  yckopuTe/\b WaTT/\a:

А если опять стык прогорит?
А по крену как управлять?
А аварийное выключение?

 Но я смотрю ихние комерсы от наших не сильно отличаются: Тиоколу лишь бы своё чудо кому впарить...

[Лютич]

А если опять стык прогорит?

Там есть аккуратно нарисованная САС  

[ronatu]

Ew,e"  ogHa  ugeR - g/\R  3anycka CEV  ucno/\b3oBaTb  yckopuTe/\b WaTT/\a:

А если опять стык прогорит?
А по крену как управлять?
А аварийное выключение?

 Но я смотрю ихние комерсы от наших не сильно отличаются: Тиоколу лишь бы своё чудо кому впарить...

CTAPbIU" - oHu  npocTo  nbITai0TcR  nogeweB/\e....

noToMy  kak  HY  o4eHb  goporo , ga>ke g/\R  MeHR...
 :wink:

[Старый]

CTAPbIU" - oHu  npocTo  nbITai0TcR  nogeweB/\e....
noToMy  kak  HY  o4eHb  goporo , ga>ke g/\R  MeHR...
 :wink:

Кто "они" то? Проект от Тиокола - производителя ТТУ...

[avmich]

Теоретически, в той статье всё написано. В шаттловском бустере отклонение сопла в двух плоскостях, а контроль вращения можно сделать движками на аппаратесверху. Аварийное выключение реализуется отстрелом КК, как и парирование прогара...

Мне больше нравятся жидкостные системы, но предметно возразить сложно.

[Максимка]

А интересно было бы прочесть все это по-русски. И прочим санниковым тоже.

Всем спокойно. Никто никуда не летит. Тех денег, что Буш дает, в лучшем случае хватит на очередную пачку бумажек.

[ronatu]

Руководитель лунной программы Китая Оуян Цзыюань (Ouyang Ziyuan) заявил, что первый произведённый в Поднебесной луноход планируется посадить на поверхность Луны в 2012 году.

Главная цель этого транспортного средства — собрать всю необходимую информацию для строительства лунной базы. Напомним, что высадка человека на спутник Земли запланирована Китаем на 2020 год.

Луноход будет, в частности, оснащён телескопом и набором инструментов для анализа сейсмологической ситуации на Луне.

Разработка двухтонного ровера идёт полным ходом. Технологическим институтом Харбина (Harbin Institute of Technology) уже предложены три модели лунохода.

Параллельно в нескольких китайских университетах проводится конкурс на лучший дизайн лунного робота.

Кстати, на реализацию первой фазы проекта уже затрачено $170 миллионов.

[Bell]

До кучи, из новостей:

Китай планирует в ближайшее время приступить к разработке новой ракеты-носителя, предназначенной для исследования Луны, сообщает РИА "Новости" со ссылкой на китайское информационное агентство "Синьхуа".
     По словам директора "лунной программы" Китая Луань Энцзе, новое поколение ракеты-носителя будет разработано в течение ближайших восьми лет. Ракета будет использовать нетоксичное и не наносящее вреда окружающей среде горючее, отметил он.
     Как ожидается, новый носитель сможет выводить до 25 тонн груза на низкие околоземные орбиты и до 14 тонн - на высокие. Используемые в настоящее время в Китае ракеты "Великий поход" могут поднять на низкие орбиты до 12 тонн груза.

[X]

Руководитель лунной программы Китая Оуян Цзыюань (Ouyang Ziyuan) заявил, что первый произведённый в Поднебесной луноход планируется посадить на поверхность Луны в 2012 году.

Скоро начнем завидовать китайцам желтой завистью?

Луноход будет, в частности, оснащён телескопом...

Нет, даже фиолетовой...
Неужели увидим, наконец-то, небо в алмазах?

[Зомби. Просто Зомби]

Ну, не так уж скоро...
Зато - китайскими глазами :mrgreen:

Пацаны, зачем вам Луна?
Вы чё, совсем с ума посходили :mrgreen:  :mrgreen:  :mrgreen:

[Bell]

Как зачем?  :shock:

Затем же, зачем американцам, катайцам и индусам. Колумбу и Кортесу - Америка, Ливингстону - Африка, Ермаку и Дежневу - Сибирь.

Исследовать, чтобы захватывать и эксплуатировать  

Такие, понимаешь, имперские замашки  

[Зомби. Просто Зомби]

После работы "демо-либеральной" зондеркоманды нам, в лучшем случае, останется только роль наблюдателей :mrgreen:  :evil:  :mrgreen: