CCDev - NASA Commercial Crew Development

[Потусторонний]

Тканевые сидения в 10 раз легче кресел шаттла и легко убираются на орбите.

[Lev]

Гэри Хадсон выложил презенташку своей концепции, которая сегодня проиграла конкурс. Выглядит довольно любопытно и можно сказать нетрадиционно.
http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=24859.0

NASA. Year 2000

Тоже мне, "нетрадиционно"...

Вообще, это форма ГЧ МБР на раннем этапе развития.
 "Юбка" обеспечивает стабилизацию при входе в атмосферу, а сферический нос уменьшает тепловую нагрузку.

И какие тут перегрузки?

[Дмитрий Виницкий]

А чо это он в "Соколе"?

[Потусторонний]

А чо это он в "Соколе"?

А кабинка тоже со "Звезды"?
Вертолетный подхват завоевывает умы разработчиков:

3) The nominal ISS mission re-entry landing point is set as US West Coast, about 20 KM offshore.  This eases FAA permitting.  Helos stage from California, and perform the recovery.  If they miss, the spacecraft lands in the water, which requires it be rebuilt at the factory.  If the capture is successful, it is air-towed (stably, I might add, with high ride comfort unlike capsules) to shore where it is deposited in a cradle for easy crew egress.  If it overshoots and comes down on land, the airframe is scrapped, but the crew survives due to the fabric seats.  Finally, there is a crew bailout option that extracts the crew on a "stick" with survival gear should the mains become fouled or failed.

И какие тут перегрузки?

ВЫ НЕ ПОВЕРИТЕ: МЕНЬШЕ 2-Х ЖЕ!!!!!! Этот гвоздик летит с углом атаки 12гр.

Yes, it trims naturally at about 12 degrees AoA.  We also used a trick of mounting batteries and certain other heavy items on a track that could be adjusted fore and aft, allowing on-the-fly trimming of Cg.  Entry control is via roll-to-bank, so only roll thrusters are fired, as necessary.

[Salo]

SN: NASA's CCDev 2 Awards Favor Capsules Over Launchers[/size]

[Петр Зайцев]

И какие тут перегрузки?

ВЫ НЕ ПОВЕРИТЕ: МЕНЬШЕ 2-Х ЖЕ!!!!!! Этот гвоздик летит с углом атаки 12гр.

Yes, it trims naturally at about 12 degrees AoA.  We also used a trick of mounting batteries and certain other heavy items on a track that could be adjusted fore and aft, allowing on-the-fly trimming of Cg.  Entry control is via roll-to-bank, so only roll thrusters are fired, as necessary.

Я тоже удивился. Но Гэри потом сказал, что оборотные кресла все равно нужны, на всякий пожарный.

В любом случае жаль, что он проиграл Маскам и Эбронам. Вполне достойная система была бы. Но как я понял, NASA хотело больше разнообразия, а капсул и так много. Поэтому дали денег ДримЧейзеру.

[Сторонний]

И какие тут перегрузки?

ВЫ НЕ ПОВЕРИТЕ: МЕНЬШЕ 2-Х ЖЕ!!!!!! Этот гвоздик летит с углом атаки 12гр.

Yes, it trims naturally at about 12 degrees AoA.  We also used a trick of mounting batteries and certain other heavy items on a track that could be adjusted fore and aft, allowing on-the-fly trimming of Cg.  Entry control is via roll-to-bank, so only roll thrusters are fired, as necessary.

Я тоже удивился. Но Гэри потом сказал, что оборотные кресла все равно нужны, на всякий пожарный.

В любом случае жаль, что он проиграл Маскам и Эбронам. Вполне достойная система была бы. Но как я понял, NASA хотело больше разнообразия, а капсул и так много. Поэтому дали денег ДримЧейзеру.

Как это "на всякий пожарный", вы хотели бы лететь с отрицательной перегрузкой больше 1, когда вас весом вырывает из кресла?

Тканевые сидения в 10 раз легче кресел шаттла и легко убираются на орбите.

2g это должно быть качество около 0.5, - что-то я сомневаюсь, однако не настаиваю. :smile:

[Потусторонний]

Конечно! У всего что носом вперед взлетает (на ракете) и носом вперед садится (не на ВПП) должны быть поворотные кресла. ИМХО
Взлет

Посадка

Вот здесь астронавты повисли на ремнях :lol:

Для этого аппарата есть одно исключение-САС (посадка задом наперед)

[Salo]

http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1104/25ccdevgoals/

Four firms plan to get the most out of NASA investment[/size]
BY STEPHEN CLARK
SPACEFLIGHT NOW
Posted: April 25, 2011

The four companies granted almost $270 million by NASA last week face an orchestrated series of hardware tests, design milestones and government reviews of their privately-developed spacecraft over the next year, according to documents released by NASA.


Artist's concept of Boeing's CST-100 spacecraft approaching the International Space Station. Credit: Boeing
 
 Each firm will receive their funding in payments at specific milestones set by the company and agreed to by NASA. The milestones include achievements like engineering reviews, propulsion testing and assembly of prototype hardware through May 2012.

Boeing received the largest Commercial Crew Development award, an agreement valued at $92.3 million, to finish the preliminary design of the CST-100 capsule, a back-to-basics spacecraft solely designed for up-and-down trips to the International Space Station and other destinations in low Earth orbit.

The aerospace giant plans to select a rocket to launch the capsule, which Boeing says will weigh up to 13 metric tons, or more than 28,000 pounds. Boeing will also test the craft's parachutes in an airborne drop and fire a lightweight abort engine built by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne.

Engineers at the Langley Research Center in Virginia will drop a mock-up of the CST-100 into a landing pit to check the strength of the craft's airbags. Boeing and NASA already accomplished some drop testing, but engineers will add horizontal velocity this year to simulate windy landing conditions.

A scale model of the spacecraft and launch vehicle will be put through wind tunnel testing to check aerodynamic characteristics, and a propellant tank will be fabricated and tested, according to Boeing.

Other demos on tap soon include the construction of a CST-100 structural test article made of aluminum, testing pyrotechnics to sever connections between the crew and service modules, and evaluating a new thruster design fueled by non-toxic propellant.

John Elbon, Boeing's commercial crew program manager, said he expects Boeing's workforce dedicated to the CST-100 development will increase to between 200 and 250 employees this year. Most of the workers will be based in Houston and Huntington Beach, Calif. Some employees will contribute from Florida and Alabama.

With an early investment from NASA last year, Boeing built a CST-100 pressure shell, verified its weld-less manufacturing processes, constructed a mock-up to test human factors and crew accommodations, fired a prototype abort engine, and developed an automated rendezvous and docking simulator.

"That's all behind us," Elbon said. "We accomplished that with $18 million of NASA investment. We put in a like amount. It was incredible the amount we were able to get done with that amount of money in the environment we're in today."

Elbon said Boeing's $92.3 million CCDev 2 award was close to the company's request.

With room for up to seven astronauts, the CST-100 has a diameter of nearly 15 feet and features just enough capability to deliver a crew to orbit and return them safely to Earth.

The battery-powered capsule can only fly for about two days on its own, but it could stay plugged into the International Space Station's power for more than a half-year. The CST-100 is designed to be reusable for up to 10 missions.

Boeing's yearlong agreement with NASA will conclude with a preliminary design review, a significant step in the development of any spacecraft where the tentative design is confirmed to meet requirements.

If NASA provides more funding, a tall order in the current spending climate, Boeing could make headway toward the CST-100's critical design review, when the specifics of the spacecraft's components are typically frozen.

On the current schedule, Boeing forecasts orbital flight tests by 2014 and an initial operational capability in 2015.


Artist's concept of Sierra Nevada's Dream Chaser space plane launching on an Atlas 5 rocket. Credit: Sierra Nevada
 
 Sierra Nevada Corp., a Colorado-based firm, also plans to reach a preliminary design review for its reusable Dream Chaser space plane by May 2012.

The company took the second-largest sum in NASA's commercial crew announcement, garnering $80 million to take the Dream Chaser from the drawing board to the cusp of flight testing.

Sierra Nevada received $20 million in the first CCDev competition in February 2010, using that funding to develop manufacturing tooling, fire a Dream Chaser maneuvering engine and deliver parts of a structural mock-up of the spacecraft. Sierra Nevada also dropped a scale model of the Dream Chaser from an altitude of 14,000 feet.

Engineers also made progress in the Dream Chaser's guidance, navigation and control system, along with significant aerodynamic analysis to reduce risk in the craft's development and performance.

The Dream Chaser is based on the aerodynamic shape of NASA's HL-20 lifting body, a concept studied by the Langley Research Center as a safer, less expensive option for human space transportation. Although the HL-20 never flew, its design was borrowed from the Soviet Union's BOR-4 space plane that was tested in Earth orbit in the 1980s.

Sierra Nevada updated the HL-20 concept with a composite structure and a hybrid rocket motor.

Launching on an Atlas 5 rocket, the seven-person Dream Chaser would fly to the space station, deliver astronauts and supplies, and return to Earth for a gliding touchdown on a conventional runway.

With the $80 million awarded last week, Sierra Nevada plans to conduct more detailed aerodynamic assessments to select the final shape of the Dream Chaser's air fins. Engineers will also build and activate a full cockpit flight simulator, a flight control integration laboratory and an avionics testbed.

Sierra Nevada says it will finish construction of a full-scale engineering test article and verify the performance of the Dream Chaser's separation system. Company officials will also select several major subcontractors to provide software, a life support system and other components.

With more money, Sierra Nevada says it can proceed toward landing gear drop testing, a piggyback test flight of the Dream Chaser test unit, and eventually a free flight ending with a runway landing by the spring of 2012.

SpaceX, the growing space transportation firm started by Elon Musk, will invest its $75 million from NASA in the design and testing of a side-mounted launch abort system, a miniature rocket engine that would quickly carry a spacecraft away from a failing launch vehicle.

The company's engineering team will also further development of cockpit controls and crew seating for the interior of the Dragon spacecraft, which has already been tested in orbit without passengers. The Dragon is being built first to resupply the space station starting next year.


Artist's concept of SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft in orbit. Credit: SpaceX
 
 According to Musk, SpaceX can outfit the Dragon for crewed missions for $1 billion within three years if the project is given a steady stream of funding. SpaceX is the only company publicly disclosing total development cost projections for its reusable commercial crew system.

SpaceX was not part of the first CCDev awards, partly because the Dragon and Falcon 9 rocket were already on the verge of unmanned flight tests, several years ahead of the other competitors. Last year's CCDev agreements focused on fundamental developments of technologies and processes that would lead to a piloted spacecraft.

Ken Bowersox, SpaceX's vice president of astronaut safety and mission assurance, said much of the company's activity over the next year will be adding bells and whistles to the Dragon to make it safe for humans.

"Our plan is to take the current cargo Dragon concept and then evolve it," Bowersox said.

Bowersox said engineers have worked on cockpit designs in computers, but the NASA funding will accelerate translating that work into seat and control panel models for astronauts to get a feel for during visits to SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, Calif.

The Dragon's side-mount launch abort system will be designed and built to the point of a full-duration engine firing on the ground by next May. SpaceX selected the novel side-mount design because the abort thrusters can be used in orbit and during landing if they are not needed to respond to a launch emergency.

"The first thing we have to do is build the launch abort system, which we are currently envisioning as a system of thrusters on the side of the vehicle that uses the orbital maneuvering fuel to carry the vehicle away from the booster in the event of a problem," Bowersox said.

SpaceX's ultimate objective is to use the abort engines for a rocket-assisted precision touchdown of the Dragon.

Established by Jeff Bezos, the wealthy founder of Amazon.com, Blue Origin snatched $22 million from NASA last week to continue designing and testing systems for the company's New Shepard biconic spaceship. Blue Origin is also working on a concept for a reusable booster, but the firm plans its first orbital test flights to launch on Atlas 5 rockets.

Blue Origin conducts much of its testing in secret at a sprawling West Texas ranch, but its proposal for government funding required the company to share its vision and development plans.


Artist's concept of Blue Origin's New Shepard space capsule. Credit: Blue Origin
 
 The New Shepard's complement of up to seven crew members puts it on par with the other commercial crew winners. The craft can stay at the space station up to seven months at a time and serve as a lifeboat, according to Blue Origin's proposal.

A fraction of Blue Origin's $22 million award will go toward settling on a basic design for the New Shepard, including picking its heat shield, defining its exact shape, and setting specific requirements.

Blue Origin will spend the bulk of the government money on testing the company's unique pusher escape system, which has a similar purpose as a launch abort system, and advancing development of a cryogenic hydrogen-fueled engine capable of producing up to 100,000 pounds of thrust. The engine will help power Blue Origin's reusable booster into space, according to documents released by NASA.

The hardware demos include a ground firing of the pusher escape system motor, then a test in which the system will simulate escaping a rocket on the launch pad. Blue Origin also plans to test the liquid-fueled cryogenic engine's thrust chamber assembly.

The company foresees a series of incremental test flights, starting with suborbital missions to the edge of space before pressing on to more challenging ventures into low Earth orbit.

[Salo]

Five Vehicles Vie To Succeed Space Shuttle[/size]
 Apr 25, 2011

  By Frank Morring, Jr.
Washington

U.S. spacecraft engineers with federal funding will pursue at least five different ways to replace the space shuttle in the next few years, from capsules that harken back to the 1960s to a spaceplane and a vertical-takeoff-and-landing craft that flies to orbit on a reusable booster.

Breakup of the year-long political logjam over funding for NASA this month cleared the way for the agency to announce the next phase of its Commercial Crew Development effort (CCDev-2) and gave Lockheed Martin a clear path to shift its old Orion crew exploration vehicle prime contract over to the new Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle effort ordained in the three-year NASA authorization bill President Barack Obama signed last year.

"We're committed to safely transporting U.S. astronauts on American-made spacecraft and ending the outsourcing of this work to foreign governments," states NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. "These agreements are significant milestones in NASA's plans to take advantage of American ingenuity to get to low Earth orbit, so we can concentrate our resources on deep space exploration."

Bolden's statement refers to the CCDev-2 awards, which went to Blue Origin, Boeing, Sierra Nevada Corp. and Space Exploration Technologies Inc. (SpaceX).

Lockheed Martin began work on Orion in 2006, when it beat out a Northrop Grumman/Boeing team for the prime contract (AW&ST Sept. 4, 2006, p. 22).

Procurement documents released with the CCDev-2 announcement give a first look at the work that has been underway at Blue Origin, a secretive start-up company based in Kent, Wash., that operates a remote test site in West Texas. The company plans to develop a reusable launch vehicle to carry its biconic seven-seat capsule to low Earth orbit, following an interim stage when it will offer suborbital tourist and scientific flights in a three-seat version.

Blue Origin received $22.005 million in CCDev-2 funding, exactly the amount it requested to hasten its development work, according to the procurement documents. Although it was the smallest award of the four granted, the agency apparently made it in the hope that the deep pockets of Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos, who also founded Amazon.com, may open up an alternative to the approaches under development by Boeing, Sierra Nevada and SpaceX.

In its CCDev-2 proposal, Blue Origin says it will mature its seven-seat "Space Vehicle" through system requirements review, ground- and flight-test the pusher escape system it started under CCDev-1, and begin testing the 100,000-lb.-thrust liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen engine for its "Reusable Booster System" (RBS).

"Each one-time use of current expendable booster technology represents a prime opportunity for cost reduction," the company states. "Blue Origin's RBS employs deep-throttling, restartable engines to perform vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing [VTVL] maneuvers for booster recovery and reuse."

The company plans to launch its Space Vehicle initially on a human-rated Atlas V and transition later to the reusable booster. The vehicle apparently will use VTVL technology tested on an unpiloted vehicle dubbed New Shepard, which traces its heritage to the Air Force and NASA DC-X and -XA testbeds flown in the 1990s. It will return to Earth on dry land "to minimize the costs of recovery and reuse."

According to its proposal, Blue Origin is conducting integrated testing of a "suborbital booster" that will carry a three-seat "suborbital capsule"—now in final assembly—to the edge of space.

"The suborbital vehicle will be fully reusable and capable of flying three or more astronauts to an altitude of over 328,000 ft. (above 100 km) for science research and adventure," the Blue Origin proposal states.

Blue Origin plans to use its CCDev-2 funds to accelerate its work toward a full-up end-to-end space transportation system, including advancing the design of the Space Vehicle by completing "key system trades," designing the thermal protection system in partnership with NASA's Ames Research Center, defining the capsule's biconic shape, and conducting the reviews necessary to generate "a baseline definition architecture and system requirements."

In addition to Ames, Blue Origin has partnered with NASA's Stennis Space Center to test engine thrust chambers; United Launch Alliance to integrate the Space Vehicle on the Atlas V; Aerojet for solid rocket motors and test facilities; Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control High Speed Wind Tunnel in Grand Prairie, Texas, for Space Vehicle testing; and the Air Force High Speed Test Track near Alamogordo, N.M., to test the pusher escape system.

More is known about the other three CCDev-2 winners. Boeing has a pressure test article for its CST-100 capsule, which was on display at the National Space Symposium in Colorado Springs in mid-April. Machined from two pieces of aluminum for strength, the article is a pathfinder for a second version that will be built of lighter-weight 7075 aluminum alloy under the CCDev-2 phase.

Boeing received $92.3 million in CCDev-2 funding, the largest among the four recipients. Other tasks that will be carried out with the funding include evaluation of a lighter-weight engine for its pusher-type launch abort system, evaluation of the parachute and airbag-inflation systems for water landings, and full-scale tests of the pyrotechnics that will separate the CST-100 capsule from the service module prior to reentry.

The service module uses batteries instead of solar arrays for power, so the Boeing vehicle's nominal flight profile calls for docking at the International Space Station (ISS) on the day of launch. However, it will have enough battery life to accomplish a second-day docking, if necessary. After that, it is designed to remain at the station for as long as seven months in a lifeboat role, drawing power from the ISS grid.

The company is still in the process of selecting a launch vehicle for its test flights and early missions and is designing the CST-100 to be able to handle loads on several candidate launchers.

"We've got four test flights scheduled," says John Elbon, Boeing's commercial crew development program manager at Boeing. "There's a pad abort test in '13, and in '14 we have three tests that require launch vehicles: an uncrewed orbital flight test, so we'd fly in an automated way and spend a couple of days in orbit testing out the systems; an ascent abort test which would exercise the abort system at maximum dynamic pressure—Max-Q—and then finally a crewed flight test where we put a couple of test pilots in there and launch it, and then we'd be ready for operations."

Sierra Nevada, like Boeing, was one of the big winners in the $50 million CCDev-1 competition, drawing $20 million to begin work on its Dream Chaser spaceplane, which would be launched on an Atlas V. It is essentially a composite version of NASA's HL-20 lifting body that in turn was derived from the Russian BOR-4 test vehicle which flew in orbit four times, according to the Sierra Nevada CCDev-2 proposal.

Power is provided by the same hybrid propulsion technology used on the Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo suborbital spaceplanes, with a runway landing under the control of a pilot or autopilot. The company plans to use its $80 million in CCDev-2 funding to reach preliminary design review for the orbital vehicle and atmospheric drop tests of the engineering test article that has undergone structural testing.

Last year, SpaceX tested its Dragon capsule to orbit and recovery at sea in the cargo configuration it developed under NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation System (COTS) effort (AW&ST Dec. 13, 2010, p. 22). With its $75 million CCDev-2 award, the company plans to speed development of its side-mounted pusher-type launch abort system, including static testing, and prepare its initial design for crew accommodation in the Dragon for NASA astronauts to evaluate.

Phil McAlister, acting director of commercial spaceflight development at NASA headquarters and the selecting authority for CCDev-2, says the goal of the CCDev effort is to seed a commercial industry that can fly crews to the ISS by "approximately the mid part of this decade." The second round is designed to mature designs that have a chance of growing into a full-scale system, which will be addressed in a third round of awards to be covered under an $850 million request for fiscal 2012.

For now, he says, the idea is to use the federal funds—plus the 10-20% the companies are required to post toward the development—to support "significant progress on maturing the design and development of elements of the system" or systems that ultimately will fly, with a conscious effort to back different approaches in a competitive approach.

"I would say at this stage of the game, competition is a very important part of our strategy," says McAlister. "It incentivizes performance. It incentivizes cost effectiveness. We also believe that having skin in the game is also important."

McAlister was executive director of the panel headed by former Lockheed Martin CEO Norman Augustine that found the old Constellation program of human exploration vehicles "unsustainable." But one of those Constellation spacecraft, the Orion crew exploration vehicle, will continue in development as the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) Congress ordered as a backup to the commercial crew vehicles for space station trips, and as a NASA-owned deep-space vehicle for exploration crews.

To simplify and save money in the tricky transition, Lockheed Martin has cut out an entire test article for the MPCV effort, doubling up test objectives for the remaining articles to try to keep the vehicle within the tight schedule set by Congress.

By combining trials with particular test articles, the company plans to send an Orion capsule into orbit on its first test flight in 2013, says Cleon Lacefield, the company's program manager. The first capsule produced is now being prepared for ground tests at company facilities near Denver, and once those are over that test capsule will be reinstrumented to fly on the first ascent abort test in 2014. Using the same test article in two trials will enable the company to start work on the test capsule that will fly to space for the first time.

"With the funding changes, the program realignments . . . we've been able to preserve the core of this test program and . . . make it more than it would have been by combining a bunch of tests into single articles," says Jim Kemp, director of assembly, test and launch operations for the new spacecraft.

During the debate over NASA's future direction Lockheed Martin kept working on the Orion capsule using Constellation funding available under appropriations language that prohibited NASA from terminating the program. The initial test article was built at the Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, where it underwent pressure testing before being sent here for a more rigorous workout.

New instrumentation is being installed to test how it will hold pressure with a lot of its internal systems installed, including an instrumented window to measure how the glass flexes under pressure. Acoustic testing will follow, using generic acoustic loads that should cover any of the potential launch vehicles NASA chooses for the vehicle's flight-test program. Kemp points out that the Orion was designed to launch on the Ares I rocket, which was under development by Constellation before the program was terminated.

That launch vehicle used a five-segment space shuttle solid-fuel booster rocket as its first stage, which would have generated acoustic loading beyond that produced by the liquid-fueled candidates for a test-flight launch vehicle.

If all goes according to schedule, piloted operations of the Orion could begin as early as 2016, Lockheed Martin says.

"[Last year,] we redefined the program to focus on a couple of things," Lacefield says. "One of them is the first vehicle development for the flight test. It's an orbital flight test where we really try to wring out 11 of the top 13 risk items on the vehicle. One of those we look at is the thermal protection system, so we're doing high-velocity reentry to prove out its capabilities early in the vehicle development cycle."

Testing of some MPCV systems could begin as early as May 1, when the space shuttle Endeavour is tentatively scheduled to dock with the ISS for the last time before its retirement. Nestled in next to the orbiter's docking system will be the Sensor Test for Orion Relative Navigation Risk Mitigation payload, which will gather data on how the Orion navigation sensors will perform in an approach to the station.

[Ну-и-ну]

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/advisory_committee/meeting_news/media/2011/may/Alexander.pptx
Интересное чтиво.

[Петр Зайцев]

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/advisory_committee/meeting_news/media/2011/may/Alexander.pptx
Интересное чтиво.

И правда, спасибо. Однако на стороне КК что-то маловато специфики.

[Сторонний]

Конечно! У всего что носом вперед взлетает (на ракете) и носом вперед садится (не на ВПП) должны быть поворотные кресла. ИМХО

Интересно, где у корабля Союз "нос"? :wink:

Взлет

Посадка

Вот здесь астронавты повисли на ремнях :lol:

Для этого аппарата есть одно исключение-САС (посадка задом наперед)

Интересно, почему эту бочку не запускают так, что поворотные кресла не нужны?

 Тогда и с рывком от ввода парашютов проблем не будет.

[pkl]

Интересная штуковина. Творчески мыслит! Вот ещё интересные идеи:
НАСА выбрало пару коммерческих летательных аппаратов для суборбитальных миссий:
http://science.compulenta.ru/611778/
Конечно, пока суборбита. Ну а там видно будет.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaXW5TaFwAE&feature=player_embedded

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_Xiq3dYJlM&feature=player_embedded#at=14
Последний ролик, кстати, напомнил один момент из "Кин-Дза-Дза"

[Дмитрий Виницкий]

По ссылке бессвязный бред укуренного третьеклассника.

[pkl]

Там ещё ролики на Ютьюбе есть. Ссылки на них я специально отдельно привёл.

[Дмитрий Виницкий]

Это не имеет отношения к цитируемому "тексту".

[Valerij]

http://images.spaceref.com/news/2011/SelectionStatement.Final.Signed.pdf - pdf версия
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=36765 - html версия

Познакомившись с этим, уже обсуждавшимся на форуме документом, я обратил внимание на то, что на форуме сосредоточились на изучении чисто технической стороны, и смотрят на этот конкурс с точки зрения производителя этих девайсов.

 А в этом конкурсе оценивается еще и бизнесстратегия участников конкурса.Сначала оценивается его техническая сторона, а потом полученная оценка корректируется с учетом продуманности коммерческих планов. За этим очень интересно проследить. К сожалению, формализовать третий и четвертый шаги так просто не возможно.

The evaluation and selection were conducted using a four-step process.

 Step 1-Initial Evaluation
 Step 2 -Due Diligence
 Step 3 -Portfolio Selection
 Step 4 -Finalize Space Act Agreements

 Step 1 was an evaluation of each proposal that passed the acceptance screening and on its Business Information and Technical Approach sections on a stand-alone basis without comparison to other proposals. The voting members of the Participant Evaluation Panel (PEP) first read each proposal to determine whether it met the intent of the requirements and goals of the Announcement. If, after reading the entire proposal, it determined that the proposal failed to meet the intent of the Announcement in either the Technical Approach or Business Information sections, then it received a red level of confidence rating for that section. Proposals that received a red rating in either Business Information or Technical Approach were eliminated from further evaluation.

In Step 2, the PEP conducted face-to-face due diligence meetings with participants whose proposals were most favorably evaluated. During these meetings, participants presented their overall CCDev proposed approach, responded to the initial evaluation findings and questions submitted to them by NASA, and resolved issues associated with draft Space Act agreements and their proposed performance milestones. After completion of the due diligence meetings, the PEP reconvened to modify or amend the consensus evaluation findings based on any new information obtained that may have impacted the initial evaluation results and assigned final level of confidence ratings based on the final consensus findings.

Повторю систему оценок, приведенную в этом документе:

There are five Level of Confidence color ratings:

Blue: Very High Level of Confidence -The proposal section is very highly effective and there is a very high likelihood of successful execution.
Green: High Level of Confidence -The proposal section is highly effective and there is at least a high likelihood of successful execution.
White: Moderate Level of Confidence -The proposal section is moderately effective and there is at least a moderate likelihood of successful execution.
Yellow: Low Level of Confidence -The proposal section has low effectiveness or there is a low likelihood of successful execution.
Red: Very Low Level of Confidence -The proposal section has very low effectiveness or there is a very low likelihood of successful execution.Source: spaceref.com

Теперь проследим, как менялись оценки участников конкурса CCDev competition. У меня получилась вот такая табличка:

______________________________ | Initial Evaluation | Due Diligence
 ________________________________| Tech  | Buss..  | Tech  | Buss..  
 ___________ ATK Aerospace Systems | Yellow | Yellow | Green | Green|
 ______________________ Blue Origin | Yellow | White. | White. | White
 _______ The Boeing Company | White | Yellow | Blue... | Green |
 _______ Excalibur Almaz Incorporated | Yellow | Yellow | White. | -----  
 ________ Orbital Sciences Corporation | White | White.. | Green. | -----  
 __________Sierra Nevada Corporation | White. | White. | ------- |Green

 _____________ United Launch Alliance | White. | White. | White. | -----  
 ___ Space
 _ Exploration Technologies Corporation | White. | Green | Green | Blue

Три фирмы второй этап конкурса CCDev competition пройти не смогли:

______________________________ | Initial Evaluation |
 ________________________________| Tech  | Buss..  |
 __ Transformational Space Corporation | Red... | Red... |
 ________ Orbital Space Transport, LLC | Red.. | Red ... |
 __________________Planetspace, Inc. | Red... | Red ... |

В общем эта заметка на уровне конспекта, но те, кому интересно понять, как менялись оценки, могут сами прочитать оригинал.

[Lev]

Valerij писал(а):

...как менялись оценки

А еще более интересно - как менялись реальные расходы.
Я Вам сделаю оценки от которых Вы впадете в экстаз. Однако потом Вы будете в шоке от реальных расходов и будете недоумевать - как так и почему реальные расходы в 1000 раз круче нарисованных оценок.

[Lev]

Valerij писал(а):

...как менялись оценки

А еще более интересно - как менялись реальные расходы. От картинок до реальных расходов.
Вы будете в шоке от реальных расходов и будете недоумевать - как так и почему реальные расходы в 1000 раз круче нарисованных оценок в картинках.