Международная лунная посещаемая платформа

[pkl]

Ого, у них навесные баки. Никому не кажется, что это довольно спорное техническое решение? Если клапан не закроется, компонент топлива начнёт хлестать.

[triage]

https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/06/nasa-plans-to-launch-first-two-gateway-elements-on-same-rocket/

NASA plans to launch first two Gateway elements on same rocket
May 6, 2020  Stephen Clark

Aiming to reduce risk and costs, NASA has decided to launch the first two modules of the Gateway station in lunar orbit on the same heavy-lift rocket in 2023, rather than fly them on separate rockets and dock them together in deep space, according to the the agency's chief human spaceflight manager.

NASA has not selected a rocket to carry the two modules into space, but the massive payload could fit on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket with a lengthened payload fairing currently in development to accommodate large U.S. military satellites, according to Doug Loverro, NASA's associate administrator for human exploration and operations.

In an interview, Loverro told Spaceflight Now that launching the Gateway's Power and Propulsion Element and the Habitation and Logistics Outpost — known as the PPE and the HALO — will save money and reduce technical risk on the program.

Agency managers previously intended to launch the PPE module and the HALO on separate rockets in 2022 and 2023.

Спойлер

"What we had was a Power and Propulsion Element that had its own launch on a Falcon Heavy, and we had a HALO with its own launch on a Falcon Heavy, and they were then going to have to have independent propulsion systems, and independent docking systems, and independent power and guidance and control systems," Loverro said. "They were both going to have to independently get their way to the moon and then (autonomously) dock with each other.

"And then the complexity of routing all of the power for the long-term for the Gateway through that docking mechanism, and fluids and other things that we needed to do, all made that system quite complex," Loverro said. "We realized that if we could put it all together on the ground, we got rid of all that risk and reduced the cost, not just because we saved a launch vehicle but because we got rid of a whole bunch of added complexity in the system."
...
Loverro said NASA originally decided to launch the two Gateway modules on different rockets because of limited volume available on existing rockets, such as SpaceX's Falcon Heavy launcher.

"It turned out that under the Air Force proposal for their follow-on launch services, I knew of the fact that new fairings were being asked for in order to meet the DoD (Department of Defense) needs that would go ahead and meet the needs of that," said Loverro, a veteran manager of national security space programs who joined NASA late last year. "So I asked the team to go look at that. We verified that, indeed, it worked and it fit in."

The new plan for a single launch in 2023 buys time for engineers developing the PPE, which will be built by Maxar Technologies. Northrop Grumman is charged with developing the HALO module, which will provide limited living quarters for astronauts on the way to the moon.

The revamped Gateway architecture also makes the engineering job easier because the modules can be connected together on the ground.

The PPE will be fitted with large roll-out solar arrays to generate electricity. The propulsion system will consist of high-power solar-electric thrusters developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne.

"It took the schedule pressure off the PPE so we are now able to go ahead and integrate any changes to the PPE to make it even a better longer-term solution by changing the momentum wheels that we use for it, the power handling system, providing more access for some of the robotic arms will be used," Loverro said. "So we were able to actually make the changes that really create a better long-term solution.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine approved the change.

"The goal is to increase the probability of success and minimize risk, and at the same time reduce cost," Bridenstine told Spaceflight Now. "This was a concept that Doug looked into and determined was the right approach."

"This is one of those incredibly rare situations in program management where you look at a problem, and you add in one new piece, and suddenly it makes the job easier, cheaper, less risky, and with better results," Loverro said. "It was a no-brainer."

Loverro said the PPE and HALO modules will launch on a commercial rocket.

"We will compete at the time for what launch vehicles might be available," Loverro said. "We needed to verify that at least one would be available for it, but based upon what the Air Force is asking for under their contract, there should multiple available at the time. That will be a competition that we run some time in the near future."

Other launchers that could carry the integrated PPE and HALO modules into space include United Launch Alliance's Vulcan Centaur and Blue Origin's New Glenn. But SpaceX's Falcon Heavy is the only one of the three currently operational.
...
The shorter-term goal set by the Trump administration for NASA's Artemis program is to land the first woman and the next man on the moon by the end of 2024. Four years later, in 2028, NASA intends to have a "sustainable" infrastructure in place to allow regular landings on the moon with commercial and international partners, including reusable landers and longer-term stays on the lunar surface.

"The two challenges we have, one is to go fast, and one is to go sustainably," Bridenstine said. "When we think about a sustainable presence at the moon, we absolutely need a Gateway. The Gateway gives us the ability to reuse landers, over and over again, which drives down cost and it increases access. The Gateway gives us access to different orbits around the moon, so we can get to the north pole, the south pole, the equatorial regions, and everything in between. The Gateway is also transformable. We can use it eventually for our ship to Mars."
...

[свернуть]

https://ria.ru/20200507/1571061760.html

03:03 07.05.2020

МОСКВА, 7 мая - РИА Новости. НАСА планирует запустить первые два модуля окололунной пилотируемой станции Gateway на одной ракете-носителе сверхтяжёлого класса Falcon Heavy вместо двух планировавшихся ранее, сообщил американский специализированный сайт spaceflightnow.com.

Ранее НАСА заключило контракты на создание первых двух модулей для Gateway - энергодвигательного и жилого - со сроками запусков в 2022 и 2023 годах на двух ракетах Falcon Heavy компании SpaceX Илона Маска.

Как отмечает сайт spaceflightnow.com со ссылкой на заместителя руководителя НАСА по пилотируемым программам Дугласа Ловерро, агентство решило запустить первые два модуля Gateway на одной ракете Falcon Heavy в 2023 году.

Это позволит снизить

Спойлер

технические риски, так как двухпусковая схема потребовала бы осуществления стыковки двух модулей в дальнем космосе.

Кроме того, использование одной ракеты вместо двух позволит сэкономить финансовые ресурсы.

[свернуть]

Такая возможность, как отметил Ловерро, появилась благодаря тому, что SpaceX по заказу Минобороны США разрабатывает увеличенный головной обтекатель, под которым НАСА может уместить сразу два модуля.

Конечно маловероятно в 2023 пока идет вирус, да и не очень отвечает краткосрочным планам администрации текущего президента....

На HALO точно все заключили или это штрихи перед финальным заключением контракта?

Сколько на русском писали что перенесли запуски за 2024 год.....

[triage]

https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/lunar-gateway-on-again-for-2023/

By Marcia Smith | Posted: May 7, 2020 10:59 pm ET | Last Updated: May 8, 2020 12:03 am ET
...
NASA awarded contracts to three companies last week to refine their HLS concepts over the next 10 months.  During a media teleconference announcing the awards on April 30, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine reiterated that the Gateway was not part of the 2024 plan.  None of the three HLS designs require the Gateway.

Just one week later, the Gateway is back in the picture.

The initial version of the Gateway consists of a Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO) for the crew and a Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) that can maneuver the Gateway into various orbits around the Moon as needed.  Maxar is building the PPE under a Public-Private Partnership wherein, at least until now, Maxar would build, launch, own, and operate the PPE for one year after which NASA would have the option to purchase it.  NASA is awarding a sole-source contract to Northrop Grumman for HALO, which is derived from the company's Cygnus spacecraft that takes cargo to the International Space Station.  HALO and PPE were intended to be launched separately and dock in lunar orbit, but apparently now will be integrated together before launch.

In a statement to SpacePolicyOnline.com today, NASA explained the new plan.

"NASA is now planning to assemble the first two pieces of the Gateway on Earth and launch them together to lunar orbit by 2023. This decision reduces program technical risk while enhancing mission success by eliminating the need for two segments to dock in Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit, enabling the two elements to be tested and launched pre-integrated." — NASA

Northrop Grumman will be responsible for testing and integration under its contract with NASA, which is not yet finalized.  A preliminary design review of the HALO module is planned for the end of this year.

The statement did not explain how NASA solved the cost issue that Loverro cited in March, saying only that Maxar "continues the design and development of its spacecraft."  It also did not explain how the decision to integrate PPE with HALO before launch impacts the contract with Maxar, which was responsible for launch and one year of on-orbit operations.

It also did not say what launch vehicle would be used.  Ars Technica, which first reported this news, quoted Loverro as saying NASA determined SpaceX's Falcon Heavy is capable of launching the combined HALO/PPE, but stopped short of saying it would be selected.  NASA's statement to SpacePolicyOnline.com today said only that NASA's Launch Services Program would choose a launch provider.
...

[Чебурашка]

https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260587594976550913

Loverro:  Gateway launch in late 2023, but do not plan to use Gateway for Artemis III.

[triage]

https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260587098765176835
Loverro: decided to launch Gateway PPE and HALO together.  Will save a lot of money and knock down technical and operational risk.

 https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260587594976550913
Loverro:  Gateway launch in late 2023, but do not plan to use Gateway for Artemis III.
[that's what he said]

 https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260594771325747202
Loverro: the NRHO is still the baseline orbit, but looking at others.  But for first landing, the lander will dock directly with Orion, not at Gateway.

 https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260622832406597639
What I've learned from NAC/HEO presentations so far:
NASA will launch Gateway in time to use it for 2024 landing, but will not use it.
NASA is spending lot of time relooking at NRHO orbit even tho has not found one that's better.
NAC/HEO mbrs: please ask, in both cases: Why?

 https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260624156984512512
Hartman says HALO is now under contract.  That's Northrop Grumman's Habitation and Logistics Outpost, part of Gateway.  Derived from Cygnus.  [Didn't know that finally was under contract]

 https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260628181767389184
Hartman: by integrating HALO and PPE pre-launch, can simplify, save $, increase mission success.

Working w/intl partners.  Far along negotiating MOUs with JAXA, ESA, Canada.  Not as far with Russia re potential airlock.

 https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260629699077824513
This is Hartman's illustration of the HALO/PPE combination on the left, and what they are now thinking for the full-up Gateway with intl partner contributions on the right. Said the international habitation (iHAB) module will be based on HALO (so Cygnus).


 https://twitter.com/SpcPlcyOnline/status/1260644963395661824
Tommy Holloway: ppl acting like the date still is 2028. This is too complex. Integrating Gateway pre-launch is the way to go, need more thinking like that for landers.
Ruth Gardner: too much to get done, like new launch vehicles. Making it harder by having too many options.

Документы
 https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/nac-heoc

Еще можно почитать завались твиттов у https://twitter.com/genejm29/with_replies

[triage]

https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260592983528873986
Loverro - Once we can demonstrate we can get to the Moon, we can use Gateway want to break this up into steps that make sense ( Me: again apologies all my sound is breaking up on this end)

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260592982568374272
#NASA #NAC #HEO - Loverro  - Pat Condon - When will Gateway be used for Lunar Missions? Loverro - One of the things we all learned from Apollo, we don't need to take the "giant leap" in one step, team is now looking at alternative orbits , to make sure we have the right balance

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260610316741869574


 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260624608111329282


 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260625234002153472
#NASA #NAC #HEO - Hartman What it looks like today, can hook the two components together, & test so eliminates some risk, eliminates one launch vehicle. Another benefit: Can optimize some of the systems, can eliminate some ethernet switches. Targeting Nov 2023 Launch

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260626542457171969
#NASA #NAC #HEO - Dan Hartman - Worked with SMD and international partners to look at what payloads we can fly .
@esa  radiation package, and Space Weather package. Will use Canadian adapters to install on the PPE. Robotic interface allows to change out external payloads.


 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260627832289538053
Have embedded international partners in all technical meetings. We do have Roscosmos on the page but NASA is NOT as far along as we are with the others, have some provisions for the airlock, but want to get finalized with them.

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260627830016299012
#NASA #NAC #HEO - Dan Hartman - .
@csa_asc
 contributing a roboitc arm, .
@esa
 providing a comm antenna and an iHAB .
@JAXA_en
 working also with them. .
@ESA
 also working on ESPRIT, working on all of the MOUs with partners, also flight crew based on contributions.


 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260627832289538053
Have embedded international partners in all technical meetings. We do have Roscosmos on the page but NASA is NOT as far along as we are with the others, have some provisions for the airlock, but want to get finalized with them.

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260629661576544257
Funding for xEMU is put under the Lunar Gateway Budget. Have X amount of Suits for the ISS. Spending $$$ on suits though 2028.

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260631513055604736
#NASA #NAC #HEO - Dan Hartman -  Acronym list Hale: If we don't need Gateway for first lunar landing why do we need Gateway at all? If we can reuse the ascent stage of the lander that can be a cost saver, you could have a logistics discussion.


 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260631515018465281
Hartman with Gateway because of the logistics the #SpaceX module can bring up you can extend your crew time plus extend work time. Intangible effect of nations coming together too of nations exploring space.

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260646910387355648
Think Doug (Lovearro ) is looking at that. Gateway Sense they tried to de-couple Gateway form phase -1 of Artemis but to do something sustained you need Gateway. Reall tension between sustained operations and first landing.

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260646911414923265
Might be a good step to take Gateway out of Phase 1 but you really need that to get to Mars and a sustained operations at the Moon.

 https://twitter.com/genejm29/status/1260652198305783808
#NASA #NAC #HEO  Hale asking should there be a finding Re: Lunar Gateway, in the past this committee has endorsed Gateway, should we give a finding this time? Mark McDaniel saying that this is a shot to maintain sustainability feel real stong about Gateway,
We need to be doing something along the way with Gateway, McDaniel saying too that what can be done to transcend Administrations, its Gateway.  That equals sustainability , have made this recommendation before
Talk about risk reduction, there isn't a better person that to address risk reduction than you.  Ruth Gardner saying that we don't want to see it (Gateway) to become a budget victim. Holloway - have to see the '24 deadline too & how it relates to that

[triage]

Документы
 https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/nac-heoc

На втором слайде справа представление станции - сверху к HALO пристыкован европейский ESPRIT, справа по оси международный iHAB, сверху всем известный модуль Airlock в российском предложении.

Спойлер

›Deep Space Gateway and Concept Status - Mr. Dan Hartman (35 MB PDF)

[свернуть]

[свернуть]

› Human Exploration & Operations Mission Directorate Overview – Mr. Doug Loverro (159.5 MB PDF)

[свернуть]

› Advanced Exploration Systems (Deep Space Exploration) Status - Mr. Marshall Smith (90 MB PDF)

...

...

[свернуть]

...

[свернуть]

› FY 2021 Program Review Update - Mr. Brian Dewhiurst (22 MB PDF)

[свернуть]

[triage]

Из-за рисунка в большей конфигурации

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/a_sustained_lunar_presence_nspc_report4220final.pdf

NASA's Plan for Sustained Lunar Exploration and Development

...
The Gateway will establish U.S. leadership and a sustained presence in the region between the Moon and Earth. The platform will offer astronauts easier crew returns, a safe haven in the event of an emergency, the ability to navigate to different orbits around the Moon and later, an advancement in human life support systems.
Gateway will expand to include critical contributions from international partners, specifically, a robotic arm, substantial additional habitation volume, and refueling capabilities.
Canada announced in February 2019 that it intends to participate in the Gateway and contribute advanced external robotics.
In October 2019, Japan announced plans to join the United States on the Gateway with contributions to habitation components and logistics resupply.
In November 2019, the European Space Agency received authorization and funding to support its planned contributions to the Gateway, the International Habitat (I-Hab), and the European System Providing Refueling Infrastructure and Telecommunications (ESPRIT), both of which will dramatically enhance the capabilities of Gateway, contributing to sustainable operations while paving the way for a future human mission to Mars.
Russia has also expressed interest in cooperating on the Gateway via the contribution of an airlock.
The Gateway will provide a next-generation deep space platform from which to conduct science investigations outside the protection of the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts. The international science community has identified heliophysics, radiation, and space weather as high-priority investigations to conduct on the Gateway. The first two Gateway payloads are a radiation instrument package provided by the European Space Agency and a space weather instrument from NASA. The agency also recently awarded the first Gateway Logistics Services (GLS) contract to SpaceX to deliver cargo, experiment and other supplies to the outpost. Echoing the success of the Commercial Resupply Services program, GLS will leverage commercial partners to deliver logistics to the Gateway, supporting lunar operations while building experience and technologies for future logistics missions that can support the first human mission to Mars.
...
In addition to establishing Artemis Base Camp, another core element of the sustained lunar presence that feeds forward to Mars will be the expansion of habitation and related support systems at the Gateway. This evolution of the Gateway's systems to include large-volume deep space habitation would allow our astronauts to test, initially in lunar orbit, how they will live on their voyage to and from Mars. Gateway can also support our first Mars mission analogs on the lunar surface. For such a mission, we currently envision a four-person crew traveling to the Gateway and living aboard the outpost for a multi-month stay to simulate the outbound trip to Mars, followed by two crew travelling down to and exploring the lunar surface with the habitable mobility platform, while the remaining two crew stay aboard. The four crew are then reunited at the Gateway for another multi-month stay, simulating the return trip to Earth, before landing back home. These missions will be by far the longest duration human deep space missions in history. They will be the first operational tests of the readiness of our long-duration deep space systems, and of the split crew operations that are vital to our approach for the first human Mars mission.

Спойлер

There are many factors associated with the sequence of element development, testing, and launch such as capability maturity and availability, budget, launch vehicle availability, and system complexity. For planning purposes, NASA is developing a sequence that accounts for these variables and results in an annual cadence of demonstrable progress and a gradual increase in mission duration and complexity. This plan results in the development and emplacement of the infrastructure required for a long-term sustained lunar surface presence while testing systems and gaining the operational experience required for the human Mars mission.

[свернуть]

The sequence as currently envisioned begins by sending lunar precursor robotic missions including VIPER by CLPS landers to provide ground truth of terrain, as well as water and metal resource availability for the human lunar landing site. To provide mobility and extended range of exploration for the first several human lunar surface missions, the LTV will be delivered to the lunar surface. The first elements of the lunar Gateway are in development and will support later sustainable human lunar landing missions. NASA anticipates its international partners will provide at a minimum the robotic arm, I-Hab, and ESPRIT to supplement the Gateway's capabilities in lunar orbit.
The habitable mobility platform will be delivered to the lunar surface to expand our exploration range by tens of kilometers and mission duration on the surface from 7 days to 30-45 days, enabling potential Mars surface analog missions on the lunar surface. Other key pieces of the Artemis Base Camp infrastructure are also delivered, including the foundation surface habitat, which will support a crew up to four on the lunar surface, the lunar surface power systems, ISRU demonstrations and pilot plants.

Спойлер

An evolved Gateway habitation capability in lunar orbit will allow us to begin the methodical lengthening of mission durations. This approach will also allow NASA to test risk mitigation approaches for long-duration mission crew and element systems risks that are required for two-year Mars class missions.
Once these pieces of the Moon to Mars campaign are delivered and operational, annual human missions with increasingly long durations will enhance the exploration and sustainable development of the lunar surface.
...

[свернуть]

Artemis and the development of Artemis Base Camp....

Где-то был файл с PPE с заправкой со стороны двигателей, но файл потерян.

[triage]

https://spacenews.com/nasa-refines-plans-for-launching-gateway-and-other-artemis-elements/

NASA refines plans for launching Gateway and other Artemis elements
by Jeff Foust — May 14, 2020
...
In presentations at a meeting of the NASA Advisory Council's Human Explorations and Operations Committee May 13
...
Dan Hartman, program manager for the Gateway, said later in the meeting that combining the two elements saves the cost of one of the two launches originally projected. It also eliminates the requirement for a service module on the HALO it needed for independent power and propulsion capabilities, and for in-space docking of the two elements.

NASA's new plan calls for launching the combined PPE and HALO modules in November 2023, and using the PPE's solar electric propulsion system to make its way to lunar orbit over the course of nine to ten months. NASA issued a draft request for proposals for the combined launch earlier in the month, and expects to award a launch contact this fall.

"We validated that we have one launch provider that can do the job," Hartman said of the Gateway launch. He did not disclose that provider, but it's believed to be SpaceX and its Falcon Heavy rocket. He also suggested that the ongoing National Security Space Launch Phase 2 competition by the Air Force, which plans to award contracts to two companies this summer, could enable other providers.
...

https://spacenews.com/nasa-announces-artemis-accords-for-international-cooperation-in-lunar-exploration/

NASA announces Artemis Accords for international cooperation in lunar exploration
by Jeff Foust — May 15, 2020
...
during a May 15 meeting of the NASA Advisory Council's Regulatory and Policy Committee.
...
The Artemis Accords will be a series of bilateral agreements between the United States and other countries that want to cooperate on the Artemis program. They will cover all kinds of activities involved with lunar exploration with the exception of the lunar Gateway, whose international cooperation will be handed through an extension of the existing intergovernmental agreement (IGA) for the International Space Station.

"While the IGA is a terrific and historic document, as we move forward to the moon with the Artemis program, we will be encountering all kinds of incredible new opportunities for exploration and science," Mike Gold, acting associate administrator for international and interagency relations, said in an interview. "It will require a new legal framework to enact partnerships under Artemis."
...
The IGA used for the ISS, and extended for the Gateway, wouldn't work well for the rest of Artemis, Gold argued. "The IGA inherently wouldn't fit the nature of the activities on the surface of the moon on in cislunar space, with the exception of Gateway," he said. It is also difficult to add new countries to the IGA.

"The Artemis Accords are an inherently organic and open framework. They allow us to work with any country that expresses an interest," he said. The details of each bilateral agreement will be tailored, he said, to the partnering country's planned activities.

https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-unveils-artemis-accords/
NASA UNVEILS "ARTEMIS ACCORDS"
By Marcia Smith | Posted: May 15, 2020 1:31 pm ET | Last Updated: May 15, 2020 1:31 pm ET
...
The Artemis Accords are conceptually similar to the Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) that governs participation in the International Space Station, a partnership among the United States, Russia, Japan, Canada and 11 European countries acting through the European Space Agency (ESA).  NASA hopes all of those countries, and others, will want to partner in Artemis as well.
...
NASA is leveraging the IGA to work out agreements for participation in the Gateway, a small space station that will orbit the Moon.
...
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine and Acting Associate Administrator for International and Interagency Affairs Mike Gold briefed the principles to the NASA Advisory Council's Regulatory and Policy Committee (NAC/RPC) today.
...
These are primarily for activities on the Moon.  In an interview with SpacePolicyOnline.com, Gold said partners in the Gateway, for example, will not have to abide by them.  NASA is hoping Russia will provide an airlock for the Gateway, but Russia is one of the countries pushing back against the U.S. position that companies should have rights to space resources. It might be challenging to reach agreement on that principle.  Gold said a Gateway agreement could be negotiated independently of the Artemis Accords.
...

https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/todays-tidbits-may-17-2020/
TODAY'S TIDBITS: MAY 17, 2020
By Marcia Smith | Posted: May 17, 2020 10:30 pm ET | Last Updated: May 17, 2020 11:11 pm ET
...
Roscosmos Wants NASA to Visit, Talk About Lunar Plans
...
NASA is hoping Russia will provide an airlock for the Gateway, a small space station that will orbit the Moon. Gateway program manager Dan Hartman told the NASA Advisory Council last week, however, that NASA is only in "very, very preliminary  discussions" with Roscosmos about that.

[triage]

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-awards-northrop-grumman-artemis-contract-for-gateway-crew-cabin
June 5, 2020
RELEASE 20-062
NASA Awards Northrop Grumman Artemis Contract for Gateway Crew Cabin


Artist's concept of the Gateway power and propulsion and Habitation and Logistics Outpost, or HALO, in orbit around the Moon.
Credits: NASA

NASA has finalized the contract for the initial crew module of the agency's Gateway lunar orbiting outpost.

Orbital Science Corporation of Dulles, Virginia, a wholly owned subsidiary of Northrop Grumman Space, has been awarded $187 million to design the habitation and logistics outpost (HALO) for the Gateway, which is part of NASA's Artemis program and will help the agency build a sustainable presence at the Moon. This award funds HALO's design through its preliminary design review, expected by the end of 2020.

"This contract award is another significant milestone in our plan to build robust and sustainable lunar operations," said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine. "The Gateway is a key component of NASA's long-term Artemis architecture and the HALO capability furthers our plans for human exploration at the Moon in preparation for future human missions to Mars."

The HALO will be the pressurized living quarters where astronauts will spend their time while visiting the Gateway. About the size of a small studio apartment, it will provide augmented life support in tandem with NASA's Orion spacecraft.

The preliminary design review is one of a series of checkpoints in the design life cycle of a complex engineering project before hardware manufacturing can begin. As the review process progresses, details of the vehicle's design are assessed to ensure the overall system is safe and reliable for flight and meets all NASA mission requirements.

This cost plus incentive fee contract allows Northrop Grumman to finalize the design of all systems and subsystems. It also provides for the company to award initial subcontracts for long-lead hardware elements. A second contract action is expected to be definitized by the end of the year for Northrop Grumman to fabricate and assemble HALO for integration with the Gateway's power and propulsion element (PPE) by the end of 2023.

These first two elements of the Gateway – HALO and PPE – will launch together in 2023. This is a recent update to the agency's plans to build a sustainable presence at the Moon as part of the Artemis program. The decision to integrate the elements on the ground prior to launch – an outcome of the agency's program status assessment – reduces both cost and technical risks while enhancing the likelihood of mission success by eliminating the need for the two elements to dock in the orbit around the Moon where the Gateway will operate.

"We're making significant progress on these first two elements, including incorporation of components from ESA (European Space Agency), the Canadian Space Agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and payloads from our research communities," said Dan Hartman, Gateway program manager at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. "The new plan to integrate the two elements of Gateway demonstrates the capabilities of the agency and our partners to be flexible and reassess plans as needed. By launching the elements together, we're able to significantly reduce Gateway's risk profile and increase cost effectiveness."

The PPE, being designed and built by Maxar Technologies, is equipped with high-power, 60-kilowatt solar electric propulsion. In addition to providing power and communications, its substantial maneuvering capabilities will allow the Gateway to change orbits and enable crews to reach any part of the Moon's surface.

Northrop Grumman's habitation module, developed through NASA's NextSTEP initiative, is based on its Cygnus spacecraft currently being used to deliver cargo to the International Space Station. The company's existing production capability and manufacturing assets allow it to build the HALO with limited schedule risk. NASA's Launch Services Program will select a launch provider for PPE and HALO by late fall 2020.

Charged with returning to the Moon in the next four years, NASA's Artemis program  will reveal new knowledge about the Moon, Earth, and our origins in the solar system. The Gateway is a vital part of NASA's deep space exploration plans, along with the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, Orion spacecraft, and the human landing system that will carry astronauts to the surface of the Moon in preparation for NASA to sending humans on a historic first journey to Mars.

For more information about NASA's Gateway program, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/in-lunar-orbit

https://news.northropgrumman.com/news/releases/northrop-grumman-awarded-nasa-contract-to-provide-first-crew-module-for-artemis-program-gateway
Company adapts proven Cygnus technology for human habitation
 Space • Cygnus  June 05, 2020
DULLES, Va. – June 5, 2020 – Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE: NOC) has been awarded a contract by NASA to execute the preliminary design and development of the Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO). It is to be deployed in lunar orbit as the first crew module of the NASA Gateway, a space station orbiting the moon providing vital support for long-term human exploration of the lunar surface and deep space. This award is a follow-on to the Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships 2 (NextSTEP-2) Appendix A contract. A subsequent modification will be definitized for the fabrication, assembly, and delivery of the HALO module.



The HALO design is derived from Northrop Grumman's highly successful Cygnus spacecraft, a human-capable vehicle that delivers supplies, spare equipment and scientific experiments to the International Space Station with 13 successful missions to date.

"The success of our Cygnus spacecraft and its active production line helps to enable Northrop Grumman to deliver the HALO module," said Steve Krein, vice president, civil and commercial satellites, Northrop Grumman. "HALO is an essential element in NASA's long-term exploration of deep-space, and our HALO program team will continue its work in building and delivering this module in partnership with NASA."

Building off of Cygnus' heritage pressurized cargo module, Northrop Grumman added command and control capabilities, including environmental control and life support systems, which, when coupled with NASA's Orion spacecraft capabilities, can sustain up to four astronauts for up to 30 days as they embark on, and return from, expeditions to the lunar surface. By leveraging the active Cygnus production line, Northrop Grumman has the unique capability of providing an affordable and reliable HALO module in the timeframe needed to support NASA's Artemis program.

The HALO module represents a critical component of NASA's Gateway serving as both a crew habitat and docking hub for cislunar spacecraft, or spacecraft that navigate between the Earth and the moon. HALO will feature three docking ports for visiting spacecraft, including the Orion spacecraft and other lunar support vehicles.

Спойлер

From the first lunar lander to the space shuttle boosters, to supplying the International Space Station with vital cargo, Northrop Grumman has pioneered new products and ideas that have been put into orbit, on the moon, and in deep space for more than 50 years. As a part of NASA's Artemis program, we are building on our mission heritage with new innovations to enable NASA to return humans to the moon, with the ultimate goal of human exploration of Mars.

Northrop Grumman solves the toughest problems in space, aeronautics, defense and cyberspace to meet the ever evolving needs of our customers worldwide. Our 90,000 employees define possible every day using science, technology and engineering to create and deliver advanced systems, products and services.

[свернуть]

Т.к. проектирование то тут ничего - https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/search-everything/press-releases
Хотя thalesgroup расписали свое сотрудничество с ЕКА в
https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide-space/orbital-infrastructure-and-space-transport/magazine/back-moon-step-towards-future

Как рисуют грузовик в иллюстрациях на сайте НАСА


Различие между набросками "PPE+HALO" между картинками ранее и в пресс релизе за 5 июня сильно бросается в глаза

[triage]

а это как обычно читать нежелательно, т.к. контракт на разработку, а не создание-строительство.

https://ria.ru/20200606/1572551869.html
05:05 06.06.2020 (обновлено: 08:24 06.06.2020)
ВАШИНГТОН, 6 июн — РИА Новости. НАСА заключило контракт стоимостью 187 миллионов долларов на создание пилотируемого модуля окололунной станции Gateway с компанией Orbital Science Corporation, сообщило ведомство.
Контракт на разработку и строительство получило дочернее предприятие Northrop Grumman Space — базирующаяся в Виргинии компания Orbital Science Corporation.
Сумма контракта включает разработку дизайна жилого и логистического блока (Habitation and logistics outpost, HALO) станции. Ожидается, что его представят до конца нынешнего года.

Спойлер

HALO, по проекту, станет местом проживания экипажа по прибытии на окололунную станцию. Планируется, что он будет размером с небольшую квартиру-студию и обеспечит совместно с кораблем Orion обитаемую среду для людей. Ожидается, что подробности о жилом модуле окололунной станции станут известны после утверждения проекта НАСА, но до начала его производства.
Администрация президента США Дональда Трампа ранее объявила о намерении возобновить пилотируемые полеты к Луне в 2024 году. Новая лунная программа получила название "Артемис" (Artemis, Артемида) в честь греческой богини плодородия и Луны, сестры-близнеца бога Аполлона, чьим именем была названа первая лунная программа США, в рамках которой было совершено шесть высадок человека на Луну в 60-70-х годах ХХ века.
Помимо этого США планируют построить на окололунной орбите станцию Gateway и приглашают к участию в проекте партнеров по МКС.

[свернуть]

[Димитър]

Сумма контракта включает разработку дизайна

А строить когда будут !? Ведь запуск на 2023 году назначен ?

[triage]

https://tass.ru/kosmos/8653717
МОСКВА, 5 июня. /ТАСС/. ...Об этом сообщил ТАСС источник в ракетно-космической отрасли.

"9 июня состоится встреча в режиме видеоконференции с участием главы Роскосмоса и руководителей космических агентств США, Канады, Европы и Японии по вопросам сотрудничества по изучению Луны", - сказал собеседник агентства.

Как отметил источник, в частности, по просьбе главы NASA Джима Бранденстайна в ходе переговоров будет поднят вопрос о вкладах стран в реализацию американской лунной программы "Артемида".

Также участники обсудят сотрудничество по Международной космической станции.

В свою очередь Рогозин расскажет об испытаниях новых российских модулей для орбитальной станции и о работах над перспективным пилотируемым кораблем "Орел".

Спойлер

Ранее NASA представило основные принципы, на которых будет строиться предлагаемое международное соглашение об освоении Луны. "Соглашения Артемиды" будут представлять собой ряд двусторонних договоров между США и странами-партнерами. Среди перечисленных принципов NASA называло в том числе положения о добыче ресурсов на Луне и идею создания так называемых зон безопасности, которые должны предотвратить "вредоносное вмешательство".

Россия разрабатывает собственную программу изучения и освоения Луны, которая начнется с запусков автоматических миссий. Затем планируются пилотируемые посадочные миссии на Луну, и в перспективе РФ начнет строительство на Южном полюсе естественного спутника своей посещаемой базы.

[свернуть]

https://tass.ru/kosmos/8709909
МОСКВА, 11 июня. /ТАСС/. Представители Роскосмоса приняли участие в многосторонней онлайн-конференции руководителей космических агентств ряда зарубежных стран, инициированной NASA, где обсуждались пилотируемая и робототехническая программы освоения Луны. Об этом сообщили в четверг ТАСС в пресс-службе госкорпорации.

"Большая часть времени была посвящена докладам руководства NASA по вопросам пилотируемого и робототехнического освоения Луны и дальнего космоса, в частности планам США по реализации лунной программы Artemis, подготовке Artemis Accords, а также перспективам участия зарубежных партнеров в проекте по созданию Лунной орбитальной платформы гражданского назначения Gateway, - сказали в госкорпорации.

В ходе конференции с комментарием о российских планах по исследованию Луны, а также о возможном участии российской стороны в проекте Gateway выступил директор департамента пилотируемых космических программ Александр Быков, уточнили в пресс-службе.

Помимо руководства зарубежных космических агентств стран - участниц программы Международной космической станции в мероприятии приняли участие главы национальных космических ведомств ОАЭ, Южной Кореи, Индии, Австралии.

Спойлер

Весной 2019 года NASA анонсировало проект лунной программы Artemis, которая будет состоять из трех этапов. Помощник заместителя директора NASA Том Уитмайер в середине мая информировал, что начало реализации первого этапа Artemis будет перенесено на конец 2021 года в связи с задержками, возникшими при создании ракеты-носителя SLS (Space Launch System) из-за распространения коронавируса. "Соглашения Артемиды" будут представлять собой ряд двусторонних договоров между США и странами-партнерами. Подчеркивается, что за основу будут в значительной степени взяты принципы Договора по космосу 1967 года. Среди перечисленных принципов NASA называло в том числе положения о добыче ресурсов на Луне и идею создания так называемых зон безопасности, которые должны предотвратить "вредоносное вмешательство".

Соединенные Штаты ранее предложили концепцию окололунной станции Gateway, которая станет пересадочным пунктом для миссий на естественный спутник Земли и в дальний космос. США предлагали международным партнерам по МКС принять участие в создании окололунной станции. В частности, NASA направила в адрес Роскосмоса меморандум с проектом станции и изложением возможностей для взаимодействия по этой программе. Гендиректор Роскосмоса Дмитрий Рогозин ранее в интервью ТАСС заявлял, что госкорпорация пока не приняла окончательного решения по участию в американском проекте создания окололунной станции Gateway.

[свернуть]

Представители России, Канады, США и Японии обсудили пилотируемую программу освоения Луны

вот кого забыли ТАСС

[Alex Immortal]

This award funds HALO's design through its preliminary design review, expected by the end of 2020.

Как такие контракты работают? Деньги вперед?
А если они не успеют представить запрошенный дизайн к концу 2020, тогда что? На заплатят последний транш или НАСА "накинут" ещё денег на доработку?

[triage]

Какой раз уже подписали

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/ru/news/243875/
Министерство образования, культуры, науки, спорта и техники Японии и американское Агентство по освоению аэрокосмического пространства (NASA) договорились обсудить план сотрудничества, который может привести к полету японских астронавтов на Луну.

Министр науки Хагиуда Коити и представитель администрации NASA Джим Брайденстайн провели онлайновую встречу в пятницу по японскому времени. Они подписали совместную декларацию о намерениях, касающуюся участия Японии в возглавляемой США программе Artemis.

NASA планирует использовать космическую станцию Gateway для долгосрочных исследований лунной поверхности.

Спойлер

Агентство ставит целью осуществление первой в рамках программы высадки на Луну с участием женщины-астронавта к 2024 году.

[свернуть]

Две стороны подробно обсудят четыре аспекта работы, в частности, численность японских членов экипажа Gateway, доставку грузов японским грузовым космическим кораблем и разработку пилотируемого лунохода.

en

Спойлер

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20200710_21/
Japan's science ministry and the US space agency NASA have agreed to discuss cooperation plans that could lead to Japanese astronauts visiting the moon.

Science minister Hagiuda Koichi and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine held a virtual meeting on Friday, Japan time, and signed a joint declaration of intent for discussing Japan's contributions to the US-led Artemis program.

NASA plans to use the "Gateway" space station for sustainable exploration of the lunar surface. It aims to achieve the program's first human landing, including the first woman on the moon, by 2024.

The two sides will discuss four areas in detail. Topics include the number of Japanese crew members on the Gateway, cargo delivery by Japanese spacecraft, and the development of a manned lunar rover.

Government sources say a Japanese astronaut could set foot on the moon in the late 2020s, and that nearly 2 billion dollars will be needed by the end of fiscal 2026 to fund projects in the four areas.

[свернуть]

И без никаких личных поездок

Источник для ТАСС
https://r.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO61368940Q0A710C2MM0000?s=4

[The Heart of the Moon]

Агентство ставит целью осуществление первой в рамках программы высадки на Луну с участием женщины-астронавта к 2024 году.

  Аж скулы сводит от таких топорных фраз. А самая коронка — "к 2024 году"... С какой стороны, хочется спросить.

[zandr]

https://tass.ru/kosmos/8941509

Япония и США подписали декларацию о сотрудничестве в освоении Луны
ТОКИО, 11 июля. /ТАСС/. Представители Министерства образования, культуры, спорта, науки и технологий Японии и Национального управления США по аэронавтике и исследованию космического пространства (NASA) подписали совместную декларацию о сотрудничестве в программе по освоению Луны. Как сообщает в субботу газета Nikkei, она предусматривает высадку на спутнике Земли к 2024 году.
Отмечается, что декларация, в частности, подразумевает участие японской стороны в создании окололунной станции Gateway.

Ранее

18 октября 2019 года правительство Японии объявило о решении присоединиться к лунной программе NASA.

NASA весной прошлого года сообщила, что новая программа освоения Луны получила название Artemis. Она будет состоять из трех этапов: первый (Artemis 1) предусматривает непилотируемый полет установленного на тяжелой ракете Space Launch System корабля Orion вокруг Луны и его возвращение на Землю, этот этап запланирован на вторую половину 2020 года. Второй этап (Artemis 2) - облет естественного спутника Земли с экипажем на борту, он намечен на 2022 год. На третьем этапе (Artemis 3) NASA рассчитывает осуществить высадку астронавтов на Луну в 2024 году.

[свернуть]

[triage]

https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/07/maxar-progress-ppe-gateway/
Maxar making progress with Power and Propulsion Element for Gateway
written by Toufiq Tahmid
July 13, 2020
..
In a recent interview with Maxar's Vice President of Space Infrastructure and Civil Space, Al Tadros provided greater insight into Maxar's progress on the PPE to Toufiq Tahmid for NASASpaceflight.com.
...

В соответствии с первоначальным контрактом Максар отвечал за выбор и запуск коммерческой ракеты-носителя для запуска СИЗ в 2022 году.  Но так как СИЗ уже не запускается один, кто отвечает за закупку этой ракеты-носителя?

«Поскольку СИЗ будут собираться с опорным пунктом службы жилья и материально-технического обеспечения на местах, Максар больше не несет ответственности за запуск», - заявил г-н Тадрос. «Программа обслуживания запуска НАСА взяла на себя инициативу по организации запуска комбинированного космического корабля в 2023 году».

кажется есть большое изменение распределения денежных средств внутри контракта т.к. покупка запуска не их проблема, или изменили и финансирование?

[triage]

Про Международную посещаемую платформу

https://www.nasa.gov/johnson/HWHAP/gateway/

Aug. 14, 2020
Gateway

...On Episode 157, Dan Hartman and Lara Kearney, Gateway Program Manager and Deputy Program Manager, respectively, detail the plans for our orbiting lunar outpost and how Gateway will serve as a docking and service station for Artemis missions as we prepare for sustainable human presence on the Moon. This episode was recorded on July 9, 2020.....

Есть интересные моменты в текстовке

[Zhilinsky Valerij]

И без никаких личных поездок

Это договор между НАСА и Science minister Hagiuda Koichi, и то только до конца 2020х. После первого полёта астронавта НАСА на Старшипе - лунном лендере, и строительства всей инфраструктуры для обеспечения его полётов, а это не позднее 2026-2028 годов можно будет договариваться не с НАСА.
   
Давайте не забудем ещё и европейцев, которым тоже не хочется быть чужими на этом празднике жизни.