Boga Ha Mapce

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СМОТРИТЕ ПРЕДЫДУЩИЮ СТРАНИЦУ

[Старый]

... Всё, дальше можно не читать. ...

Владимир, сделайте над собой усилие, пожалуйста... :wink:

Ронату, что вы мучаетесь? При чём тут я? В том что в полярных областях и на северных равнинах полно льда сомневался только слепой и глухой. Что касается меня то по моей гипотезе изо льда состоят какраз кратерированные плато. Поэтому открытие льда во всех иных местах кроме кратерированных плато а также Фарсиды прошу со мной не связывать и обсуждать как-нибудь отдельно без апеляций ко мне.

[ronatu]

Я не мучаюсь... Так жду развлекухи...

[Старый]

Я не мучаюсь... Так жду развлекухи...

Ну и как?

[ronatu]

Как, как - Старый молчит... Ворон молчит.... Скучно.... :cry:

[Старый]

Как, как - Старый молчит... Ворон молчит.... Скучно.... :cry:

Ну дык хоть вы нас повеселите...

[ronatu]

Как, как - Старый молчит... Ворон молчит.... Скучно.... :cry:

Ну дык хоть вы нас повеселите...

Во-первых я квадратные колеса не изобретаю
а во-вторых пожалуйста:

Clouds in Noctis Labyrinthis on Mars[/size]


This image shows early morning fog in the Noctis Labyrinthis,at the westernmost end of Valles Marineris. This fog, which isprobably composed of water ice, is confined primarily to the low-lyingtroughs, but occasionally extends over the adjacent plateau. Theregion shown is about 300 kilometers (186 miles) across. (CourtesyNASA/LPI)

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Туман над Маринером:[/size]



Taken from this report:

Adsorption water-driven processes on Mars.
D. M

[ronatu]

И еще о воде:



MOC image 7707 (above) shows a portion of the wall and floor of an ancient impact crater in the southern cratered terrain of Noachis Terra. The MOC image reveals v-shaped depressions on the crater wall that are characteristic of water seepage from an underground layer that is exposed in the crater walls. The image also shows a smooth, dark surface on the crater floor that might be interpreted as the remains of a pond or lake. There are two types of dark surfaces on the floor of this 50 kilometer (31 miles) diameter crater, located at 65°S, 15°W. One dark surface shows a rippled texture and is known from Viking images to be a field of windblown dunes. The other is a relatively smooth surface with "islands" of bright material within it. The boundary between the dark floor materials and the lighter materials of the crater wall suggests, by the formation of bays and peninsulas, a "ponding" relationship.

There are four general hypotheses that might explain the "pond":

(1) Water seeped out of a layer in the crater wall, ran downslope, and ponded on the crater floor. This water would have eventually dried up, leaving a dark surface of sand similar to the material that comprises the dunes.

(2) The meteorite impact that formed the crater created cracks in the martian crust beneath the crater. Eventually, dark (basaltic) lava came up through these cracks and "ponded" on the crater floor (this kind of process is not unusual and is known to have created the "mare" on the Moon). Heat from the magma and lava melted ground ice which then seeped as liquid water from a layer high in the crater wall.

(3) The seepage features are not related to the "ponding" feature. The "ponding" feature is actually coarse sand and/or gravel related to deflation of the crater floor and creation of the large field of dark sand dunes.

(4) None of the above are correct, and the features cannot be explained without additional information.


+[/size] снимки:

http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/msss/camera/i...00728_sub50.gif

http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2003/0...11.R0700378.jpg

http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/0...04.R0902972.gif

ОСОБЕННО ЭТОТ:

http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/1...13.E1700009.gif

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...The team's analysis led them to conclude that water is not responsible for Mars' red colour. Instead, said Professor Bibring, a slow oxidation of the minerals with small levels of peroxides in the atmosphere created the red-coloured ferric oxides, rather than liquid water...

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4926370.stm

http://www.newscientistspace.com/article/dn9026-mineral-maps-redraft-martian-history.html

[X]

снимки:

http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/msss/camera/i...00728_sub50.gif

http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2003/0...11.R0700378.jpg

http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/0...04.R0902972.gif

ОСОБЕННО ЭТОТ:

http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/1...13.E1700009.gif

Картинки не открываются :cry:

[ronatu]

Go to root:

http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/

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A dust layer sandwiched between layers of ice near Mars's north pole suggests the planet's climate has shifted dramatically in the past 100,000 years or so, reveal images recently obtained by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).

Previous research has suggested that the tilt of Mars's axis of rotation fluctuates from 10° to 40° with time, leading to major climate shifts (see Wrecking ball could break the ice on Mars).

Now MRO, which started returning close-up images of the Red Planet in late September, has provided new evidence that Mars's climate has undergone major shifts relatively recently.

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Благодаря новым данным, переданным космическим аппаратом Mars Express, ученые из Европейского космического агентства (ESA) получили возможность составить более точную картину геологической истории Марса. В частности, подтвердились высказываемые ранее предположения о наличии на планете воды.

С помощью радара MARSIS ученые открыли под поверхностью Марса большие скопления водяного льда.

При этом не только в районе так называемых "полярных шапок", но также под равниной Хриса (15 градусов северной широты 55 градусов западной долготы), где лед заполняет опустившийся под землю метеоритный кратер диаметром около 250 километров.

Кроме того, оптический и ИК спектрометр OMEGA, установленный на орбитальном спутнике Mars Express, обнаружил на некоторых участках марсианской поверхности глинистые минералы, которые могли образоваться в результате длительного воздействия воды.

Это дает ученым дополнительное основание утверждать, что на протяжении некоторого времени вода на Марсе существовала не только в замороженном, но также в жидком состоянии. Потом, как полагают, вода начала испаряться, о чем свидетельствуют обнаруженные OMEGA на поверхности планеты сульфаты.

Предположение о том, что когда-то по поверхности Марса текли реки, подтверждается также снимками со стереокамеры HRSC, которая позволяет различать марсианские объекты диаметром до 10 метров. На переданных HRSC кадрах отчетливо видны следы эрозии марсианской поверхности, вызванные потоками воды.

Появление марсианских рек ученые связывают с деятельностью вулканов, которые растопили лед, находящийся под поверхностью планеты, в результате чего вода вытекла наружу.

Напомним, что Mars Express, принадлежащий Европейскому космическому агентству, обращается вокруг Марса с декабря 2003 года.



This HRSC image provides a perspective view of residual water ice on the floor of Vastitas Borealis Crater on Mars.
The image is centred at 70.17

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This HRSC image shows a perspective view of a possible dust-covered frozen sea near the Martian equator.
The image is centred at 5.46

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"We are re-writing the history of Mars," says Gerhard Neukum, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany, and the Principal Investigator on Mars Express's High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC). "The big picture of a warm wet Mars is not completely correct. Any warm wet period lasted only a few hundred million years. By four thousand million years ago, it was over," he adds.

Three instruments on Mars Express have been at the centre of this revolution in thought. One is the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS). Since July 2005, MARSIS has probed beneath the surface of Mars to depths of thousands of metres. This is the first time such investigations have taken place.

"MARSIS has shown that many of the upper layers of Mars contain water ice," says Jeffrey Plaut of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, who is the co-Principal Investigator on the MARSIS experiment.

The scientists detected abundant water ice in the Martian polar regions and also received a surprise from some of the very first results that MARSIS returned. When the radar passed over the mid northern latitudes of Chryse Planitia, the signals showed a buried impact crater, below the surface. Inside this impact structure was a thick layer of possibly water-ice-rich material. "We are finding reservoirs of ice that have never been seen before," says Plaut, "But we are still puzzling out when and where the water on Mars was liquid."

"The last MARSIS observations have been done on the South Pole," adds Giovanni Picardi, MARSIS Principal Investigator, from the University of Rome 'La Sapienza'. "The quality of the preliminary results of the advanced analysis we are still performing are really exciting and promising, with respect to the main scientific objectives of our experiment." The objectives include the detection of subsurface water.


The OMEGA Visible and Infrared Mineralogical Mapping Spectrometer has taken giant steps towards answering that question. OMEGA detects minerals on the surface of Mars. Three in particular reveal the history of Martian water. "We have demonstrated that water could have been stable on Mars's surface but not for very long," says Jean-Pierre Bibring, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, France, and OMEGA's Principal Investigator.

OMEGA detected clay-like minerals that form during long-term exposure to water, but only in the oldest regions of Mars. That suggested water flowed during the first few hundred million years of the planet's history only. When these bodies of water were lost, water then occasionally burst from inside the planet but quickly evaporated.

During the evaporation they made sulphates, the second mineral that OMEGA detected. When even this stopped and the remaining water on Mars became permanently frozen, then the atmosphere gradually turned the soil red by creating the third mineral OMEGA detected, ferric oxide.

Mars has been like this for thousands of millions of years. "It is remarkable that, for the first time, we have identified where and when liquid water might have been present on Mars. It is not where one thought of before," says Bibring.


The images from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) point towards the same conclusions. They show the Martian surface in the most exquisite detail, revealing features just 10 metres across. They clearly show extremely old Martian regions that have been eroded by flowing water.

The pictures also show a huge valley, Kasei Valles, carved by a gigantic Martian glacier that persisted for a thousand million years during the time when the temperature of Mars had dropped too low for liquid water to flow across the surface.

"We see a clear link between volcanic regions and water flows," says Neukum. Wherever there has been volcanic activity on Mars, it has melted water inside Mars and let it flow to the surface.

Some of these flows are recent - geologically speaking. "At the foot of Olympus Mons, HRSC sees evidence for water flows that have happened within the last 30 million years," says Neukum.

[В А Д И М]

полную картинку можно скачать отсюда: http://themis.asu.edu/features/granicusvalles#div_flash