Curiosity MSL (Mars Science Laboratory) - Atlas V 541 - Canaveral SLC-41 - 26.11.2011

[Not]

Энергичный или энергоемкий?

Самый энергиевский  

[sol]

Повторяю !!!

Кстати - вопрос, какой реальный носитель самый "энергичный"

Т.е. скажем, у какого из них отношение масса полезной нагрузки/стартовая масса - самое большое?
Хорошо бы на примере реального запуска...

Т.е. имеется в виду - в котором носителе достигнуто максимальное кпд - , - максимум массы полезного груза на еденицу стартовой массы.


Вот навскидку отношение М пол нагр/Ь старт

Скаут - 0,004
Сатурн-5 - 0, 05

Дельта-4  - 0,03
Атлас-5 - 0.034
Протон 0,032

Интересно бы Шатл, зенит и Циклон..

[Apollo13]

Повторяю !!!

Т.е. имеется в виду - в котором носителе достигнуто максимальное кпд - , - максимум массы полезного груза на еденицу стартовой массы.

- Товарищ сержант, а рация на лампах или на полупроводниках?
- А для идиотов повторяю - рация на танке!

 :lol:

[Apollo13]

заведите пожалуйста новую тему для этого вопроса в соответствующем разделе. в msl этому явно не место.

[sol]

заведите пожалуйста новую тему для этого вопроса в соответствующем разделе. в msl этому явно не место.

Завел в средствах выведения

[dmdimon]

детский вопрос - почему облако выхлопа от центавра на видео движется вместе с перелетным модулем (относительно звезд), хотя реально они вроде как летят в противоположные стороны?
имеется в виду вот это видео:

кадр из которого выше по страничке.

[zyxman]

детский вопрос - почему облако выхлопа от центавра на видео движется вместе с перелетным модулем (относительно звезд), хотя реально они вроде как летят в противоположные стороны?

Они реально летят в противоположные стороны один относительно другого, а вот относительно Земли перелетный модуль с центавром движутся со скоростью больше 8км/с, а скорость истечения водородного двигателя по теории максимум порядка 5км/с, следовательно уже просто поэтому относительно Земли выхлоп тоже будет двигаться в том-же направлении что и перелетный модуль.

[mars96]

Я же ж говорил что нормально улетит. А местные русофобы на РД-180 грешили.

[Dude]

детский вопрос - почему облако выхлопа от центавра на видео движется вместе с перелетным модулем (относительно звезд), хотя реально они вроде как летят в противоположные стороны?

потому что это не факел, а пассивация баков, а Центавр летит вместе с MSL.

ELEMENTS OF LAUNCH VEHICLE
PASSIVATION
• All propellants (fuel and oxidizer) should be expended from both the
primary propulsion system and attitude control system
– Normally by depletion burns or venting
• All pressurization fluids should be released
• Batteries should be allowed to discharge
• Rotational energy in gyros or similar devices should be dissipated
• Explosive devices of range safety protection systems should be
deactivated permanently

гуглить картинки по : Centaur venting fuel dump cloud

[dmdimon]

сапсибо, понял

[instml]

MSL уже есть тут: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/eyes/index.html

[instml]

Course Excellent, Adjustment Postponed
Mission Status Report

PASADENA, Calif. – Excellent launch precision for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission has forestalled the need for an early trajectory correction maneuver, now not required for a month or more.

That first of six planned course adjustments during the 254-day journey from Earth to Mars had originally been scheduled for 15 days after the mission's Nov. 26 launch on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket. Now, the correction maneuver will not be performed until later in December or possibly January.

"This was among the most accurate interplanetary injections ever," said Louis D'Amario of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. He is the mission design and navigation manager for the Mars Science Laboratory.

Engineers deliberately planned the spacecraft's initial trajectory to miss Mars by about 35,000 miles (56,400 kilometers). This precaution protects Mars from Earth's microbes, because the Centaur upper stage of the launch vehicle, which is not thoroughly cleaned the way the spacecraft is, leaves Earth on the same trajectory as the spacecraft. The planned trajectory ensures that the Centaur will not hit Mars.

The launch put the spacecraft on an actual trajectory missing Mars by about 38,000 miles (61,200 kilometers). Planned trajectory correction maneuvers will put the spacecraft on course and on timing to land at Mars' Gale Crater on Aug. 6, 2012, Universal Time (evening of Aug. 5, Pacific Daylight Time).

The spacecraft experienced a computer reset on Tuesday apparently related to star-identifying software in the attitude control system. The reset put the spacecraft briefly into a precautionary safe mode. Engineers restored it to normal operational status for functions other than attitude control while planning resumption of star-guided attitude control.

Also on Tuesday, thrusters were used as planned to slow the spacecraft's rotation rate from 2.5 rotations per minute to 2.05 rotations per minute. Telecommunications are active at a downlink rate of 25 kilobits per second. Electrical output from the cruise stage solar array is 800 watts. Thrusters warmed by catalytic bed heaters were originally warmer than expected, but use of the heaters has been reduced to keep the thrusters at intended temperatures.

As of 9 a.m. PST (noon EST) on Friday, Dec. 2, the spacecraft will have traveled 10.8 million miles (17.3 million kilometers) of its 352-million-mile (567-million-kilometer) flight to Mars, and will be moving at 7,500 mph (12,000 kilometers per hour) relative to Earth and at 73,800 mph (118,700 kilometers per hour) relative to the sun.

The Mars Science Laboratory mission will use its car-size rover, Curiosity, to investigate whether the selected region on Mars has offered environmental conditions favorable for supporting microbial life and favorable for preserving clues about whether life existed.

JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Science Laboratory mission for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

More information about Curiosity is online at: http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/ .

You can follow the mission on Facebook at: http://www.facebook.com/marscuriosity and on Twitter at: http://www.twitter.com/marscuriosity .

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20111201.html

[Wishbone]

The spacecraft experienced a computer reset on Tuesday apparently related to star-identifying software in the attitude control system. The reset put the spacecraft briefly into a precautionary safe mode. Engineers restored it to normal operational status for functions other than attitude control while planning resumption of star-guided attitude control.[/size]

Thrusters warmed by catalytic bed heaters were originally warmer than expected, but use of the heaters has been reduced to keep the thrusters at intended temperatures.[/size]

Тьфу, тьфу, тьфу, чтоб не сглазить. Ждём восстановления ПО звездного датчика.

[Wishbone]

http://www.space.com/13783-nasa-msl-curiosity-mars-rover-planetary-protection.html

Кто трогал головку для бура?[/size]

All NASA spacecraft sent to other planets must undergo meticulous procedures to make sure they don't carry biological contamination from Earth to their destinations.

 However, a step in these planetary protection measures wasn't adhered to for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity, now en route to the Red Planet, SPACE.com has learned.

 The incident has become a lessons-learned example of miscommunication in assuring that planetary protection procedures are strictly adhered to.

 The issue involves a set of drill bits carried by the Curiosity rover, which launched Nov. 26 to Mars. When project developers made an internal decision not to send the equipment through a final ultra-cleanliness step, it marked a deviation from the planetary protection plans scripted for the Mars Science Laboratory mission.

 That judgment, however, didn't reach NASA's chief protector of the planets until "very late in the game," said Catharine "Cassie" Conley, NASA's planetary protection officer. "They didn't submit the request for the deviation not to comply with their planetary protection plan until several months ago," she emphasized.

 Conley told SPACE.com that the initial plan called for placing all three of the drill bits inside a sterile box. Then, after Curiosity landed, the box would be opened for access to the sterilized bits via the rover's robot arm, extracted one by one and fit onto a drill head as the mission progressed.

 But in readying the rover for departure to Mars, the box was opened, with one drill bit affixed to the drill head, Conley said. Also, all of the bits were tested pre-launch to assess their level of organic contamination. While done within a very clean environment, that work strayed from earlier agreed-to protocols, she said.

 "That's where the miscommunication happened," Conley said. "I will certainly expect to have a lessons-learned report that will indicate how future projects will not have this same process issue. I'm sure that the Mars exploration program doesn't want to have a similar process issue in the future. We need to make sure we do it right."

Equatorial target

 Conley said the deviation from protocol was reinforced by science and project officials concluding that Curiosity's target landing spot, Gale Crater, is free of potentially life-harboring ice — at least at depths that the drill bits would penetrate.

"That reinforced the reasonableness of not having the drill bits sterilized, because there's unlikely to be 'special regions' in the Gale Crater landing site," Conley said.


 The $2.5 billion Mars Science Laboratory mission was designed to comply with a requirement to avoid going to any site on the Red Planet known to have water or water-ice within 3.3 feet (1 meter) of the surface.

 Adhering to cleanliness standards is a way to make sure the mission does not transport Earth life to Mars. Doing so preserves the ability to study that world in its natural state and also avoids contamination that would obscure an ability to find native life on that planet, if it exists.

 Conley emphasized that the Curiosity assembly team and technicians did an excellent job of keeping Curiosity cleaner than any robot that NASA' s sent to Mars since the Viking lander in the 1970s.

 Still, the decision to not keep the drill bits ultra-clean shows the process needs to be fixed, Conley said.

 "It would have been better for them to check with me before they opened the box of bits to confirm that it was okay ... rather than trying to ask for it afterwards," she said. "In this case it was fine. But for future missions we want to make sure that they ask beforehand."

Habitable environments

 The Mars Science Laboratory is not a life-detection mission. Rather, it will study whether the Gale Crater area of Mars has evidence of past and present habitable environments.

 "Direct life detection is inherently difficult, some would argue currently impossible, because there is no uniform agreement on life," said Scott Hubbard, the former "Mars Czar" for NASA Headquarters in Washington.

 Hubbard is now a professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., and author of the new book "Exploring Mars — Chronicles from a Decade of Discovery," published by the University of Arizona Press.

 "There is no mathematical expression for life as there is gravity ... only a series of attributes such as complexity, reproduction, metabolism, responsiveness and so on," Hubbard told SPACE.com. "We don't have a 'Star Trek' tricorder that says 'It's alive, Jim'."

Mars sample return

 On-the-spot detection of life is difficult, underscoring the need to return to Earth well-selected samples from the Red Planet for analysis in a lab, Hubbard noted.

 There are three reasons for pushing forward on a Mars return sample effort, he said: The best laboratory equipment can be employed, much of which cannot be reduced to spacecraft size; many labs and many scientists can be utilized to cross-check each other with alternate techniques; and discoveries can be followed and rechecked years later with new tools and techniques and hypotheses.

 "The treaty-type agreements on planetary protection specify very rigorous levels of cleanliness to prevent forward and backward contamination," Hubbard said. "Spacecraft going to potential habitable zones on Mars must be cleaned to an amazing degree, even sterilized. Samples returned to Earth will be treated as if they were highly infectious until demonstrated otherwise."

 Price tag estimates for a "Sample Receiving Facility" here on Earth have ranged as high as $300 million, Hubbard said. "Nevertheless, I think it is all worth it to find out 'Are we alone?'... 'Did life ever arise on Mars?'" he said.

Leonard David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. He is a winner of this year's National Space Club Press Award and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society's Ad Astra and Space World magazines. He has written for SPACE.com since 1999.

[Aleks1961]

Американцы отказались от первой коррекции полета своего марсохода

http://www.polit.ru/news/2011/12/02/space_curi_good/

[mefisto_x]

Американцы отказались от первой коррекции полета своего марсохода

http://www.polit.ru/news/2011/12/02/space_curi_good/

Коррекция запланирована на середину января http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20111213.html А пока по пути к Марсу MSL будет "изучать" частицы высоких энергий с помощью детектора, в дальнейшем полученная информация будет использоваться для планирования пилотируемой экспедиции к Марсу

[instml]

Mars Mission Begins Collecting Data While Still Near Earth
http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=124459341

[instml]

Марсоход Curiosity начал первые научные наблюдения в космосе

МОСКВА, 14 дек - РИА Новости. Американский марсоход Curiosity ("Любопытство") начал первые научные наблюдения в космосе - межпланетная станция подсчитывает количество частиц высокой энергии и изучает их состав на своем пути от Земли к Марсу, что поможет оценить вероятную угрозу для здоровья космонавтов при путешествии к Красной планете и создать адекватные меры защиты, сообщает НАСА.

"Инструмент RAD выступает в качестве заменителя космонавта на борту марсохода. Это устройство находится глубоко внутри аппарата, как и располагался бы реальный астронавт, путешествующий к Марсу. Понимание того, как космическое излучение влияет на устройство и того, как оболочка марсохода влияет на это излучение, поможет сконструировать обитаемый космический аппарат, на котором люди полетят к Красной планете", - пояснил руководитель программы RAD Дон Хасслер (Don Hassler) из Юго-западного исследовательского института в городе Боулдер (США).

Как отмечается в сообщении НАСА, внутреннее расположение прибора позволит изучить вторичные эффекты лучевой "бомбардировки" оболочки межпланетной станции. Специалисты НАСА считают, что столкновение частиц высокой энергии с металлом оболочки может породить вторичные лучи уже внутри самого космического аппарата. В некоторых случаях эти частицы могут оказаться опаснее своих "прародителей", и именно это проверит устройство RAD.

"Хотя Curiosity не будет искать признаки жизни на Марсе, его открытия могут перевернуть наши представления о происхождении и эволюции жизни на Земле и в других частях Вселенной. С другой стороны, никто не подвергает сомнению то, что марсоход "откопает" информацию, крайне важную для успешности следующих роботизированных и человеческих экспедиций на Марсе", - добавил руководитель программы исследования Марса Даг Маккьюсшен (Doug McCuistion) из штаб-квартиры НАСА в Вашингтоне.

За время полета марсоход отдалился от Земли на 51,7 миллиона километров, что составляет 9% от общей протяженности пути, который ему предстоит преодолеть до посадки (567 миллионов километров).

Curiosity должен совершить посадку в кратере Гейла. В нем находится конус выноса осадочных пород, вероятно, сформированный потоком воды. Подножие горы в центре кратера содержит соединения серы и глину, которые формируются в присутствии воды. Географическое положение кратера увеличивает вероятность обнаружения ее следов.

Новый марсоход пойдет несколько дальше стратегии "следуй за водой", которая используется в последних миссиях по исследованию Марса. Помимо воды, приборы на его борту позволят обнаружить органические вещества - "строительные блоки" жизни.

"Любопытный" марсоход должен достичь Марса в августе 2012 года. Общая стоимость миссии оценивается примерно в 2,5 миллиарда долларов.

http://ria.ru/science/20111214/516439447.html

[instml]

http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherovernow/

[instml]

Trajectory Maneuver Slated for Jan. 11
Mission Status Report

PASADENA, Calif. -- An engine firing on Jan. 11 will be the biggest maneuver that NASA's Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft will perform on its flight between Earth and Mars.

The action will use a choreographed sequence of firings of eight thruster engines during a period of about 175 minutes beginning at 3 p.m. PST (6 p.m. EST or 2300 Universal Time). It will redirect the spacecraft more precisely toward Mars to land at Gale Crater. The trajectory resulting from the mission's Nov. 26, 2011, launch intentionally misses Mars to prevent the upper stage of the launch vehicle from hitting the planet. That upper stage was not cleaned the way the spacecraft itself was to protect Mars from Earth's microbes.

The maneuver is designed to impart a velocity change of about 12.3 miles per hour (5.5 meters per second).

"We are well into cruise operations, with a well-behaved spacecraft safely on its way to Mars," said Mars Science Laboratory Cruise Mission Manager Arthur Amador, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "After this trajectory correction maneuver, we expect to be very close to where we ultimately need to be for our entry point at the top of the Martian atmosphere."

The mission's schedule before arrival at Mars on Aug. 5 in PDT (Aug. 6 in Universal Time and EDT) includes opportunities for five more flight path correction maneuvers, as needed, for fine tuning.

The Jan. 11 maneuver has been planned to use the spacecraft's inertial measurement unit to measure the spacecraft's orientation and acceleration during the maneuver. A calibration maneuver using the gyroscope-containing inertial measurement unit was completed successfully on Dec. 21. The inertial measurement unit is used as an alternative to the spacecraft's onboard celestial navigation system due to an earlier computer reset.

Diagnostic work continues in response to the reset triggered by use of star-identifying software on the spacecraft on Nov. 29. In tests at JPL, that behavior has been reproduced a few times out of thousands of test runs on a duplicate of the spacecraft's computer, but no resets were triggered during similar testing on another duplicate. The spacecraft itself has redundant main computers. While the spacecraft is operating on the "A side" computer, engineers are beginning test runs of the star-identifying software on the redundant "B side" computer to check whether it is susceptible to the same reset behavior.

The Mars Science Laboratory mission will use its car-size rover, Curiosity, to investigate whether the selected region on Mars inside Gale Crater has offered environmental conditions favorable for supporting microbial life and favorable for preserving clues about whether life existed.

On Jan. 15, the spacecraft operations team will begin a set of engineering checkouts. The testing will last about a week and include tests of several components of the system for landing the rover on Mars and for the rover's communication with Mars orbiters.

The spacecraft's cruise-stage solar array is producing 780 watts. The telecommunications rate is 2 kilobits per second for uplink and downlink. The spacecraft is spinning at 2.04 rotations per minute. The Radiation Assessment Detector, one of 10 science instruments on the rover, is collecting science data about the interplanetary radiation environment.

As of 9 a.m. PST (noon EST, or 1700 Universal Time) on Saturday, Jan. 7, the spacecraft will have traveled 72.9 million miles (117.3 million kilometers) of its 352-million-mile (567-million-kilometer) flight to Mars. It will be moving at about 9,500 mph (15,200 kilometers per hour) relative to Earth and at about 69,500 mph (111,800 kilometers per hour) relative to the sun.

JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Science Laboratory mission for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

More information about Curiosity is online at: http://www.nasa.gov/msl and at http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl . You can follow the mission on Facebook at: http://www.facebook.com/marscuriosity and on Twitter at: http://www.twitter.com/marscuriosity .

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20120106.html