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http://zeenews.india.com/news/space/manned-mission-should-have-been-a-priority-nair_791750.html
ЦитироватьManned mission should have been a priority, not Mars: Nair[/size]
Last Updated: Saturday, August 04, 2012, 21:08

Bangalore: The Mars mission should not have been a priority at this stage for India which, instead, ought to have devoted time and energy on getting its rocket operational again and give momentum to the human space flight programme, former ISRO chief G Madhavan Nair said.

"My personal opinion is: this (Mars mission) is not a big priority project for us. We should have concentrated more on qualifying the cryogenic engine (for GSLV-Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) and make our manned mission initiative move forward," Nair told PTI here.

The Union Cabinet last night gave go-ahead to the Mars mission, clearing the proposal of Department of Space to put a satellite in an orbit around Mars to study the Red Planet.

Nair, who has accomplished 25 successful missions during his tenure of six years as Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Secretary in the Department of Space, argued that for India, the manned mission (human space flight programme) is the "immediate priority".

"That's where the big gap is. The United States space shuttle has failed and they don't have a launch vehicle. Only Russians have an operating system. China went to the extent of creating a mini (space) station," he said.

"So, in that race India is lagging behind and unless we give a major thrust to Indian manned mission, I think we will be left behind."

Nair said India's proposed Mars mission is "only a very small payload with not very big scientific objective".

"We cannot say we can make an impact even nationally or internationally in that (Rs 450 crore Mars mission).

Terming the Mars mission as a "peripheral thing", he said ISRO should, instead, spend its time and energy on qualifying the indigenous cryogenic engine and stage for GSLV (rocket) as also for GSLV-Mk III, which is being developed to carry four-tonne class of satellites.

Nair expressed the view that Mars mission is not a "big challenge". India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV rocket) has proven a number of times it can put satellites into highly elliptical orbit and "if you (Mars satellite) are in the right direction, it will go around Mars".

"It's not even as complex as Chandrayaan-1 mission. By increasing velocity, you will reach Mars. There is not much sophistication involved (in Mars mission) whereas moon mission (Chandrayaan-1) was complex."

Nair also noted that announcement by China that it would land an exploratory craft on the moon next year, and pointed out that India's own similar programme (Chandrayaan-2) has been put on a "low key" compared to the Mars mission, which ISRO plans to undertake in November next year with a 25 kg scientific payload.

"It shows that the priorities are not in the right direction," he said. In an orbit of 500 x 80,000 km around Mars, the Indian orbiter can get only "very sketchy picture" of the Red Planet. "With highly elliptical orbit, it's not good for imaging".

This orbit might be good for "atmospheric sounding" but NASA has published enough data on Martian atmosphere and "I don't think we can add much value", he said.

But he acknowledged that the Indian orbiter will have a payload to detect the presence of methane. "If that's a success, then that could be a unique point.

GSLV flight with indigenous cryogenic engine and stage conducted by ISRO in April 2010 and the one with Russian engine and stage in December that year had failed.

ISRO Chairman K Radhakrishnan had said last month the space agency had done a lot of studies to find out the reason for the failure and taken corrective actions, and the cryogenic engine and flight stage should be ready by November.

The space agency needs to conduct two more ground tests thereafter before carrying out the flight, which is expected by the year-end or January next year.

When the Chandrayaan-I mission was launched in 2008, ISRO said Chandrayaan-2 venture would happen four years later (2012). The ISRO now says Chandrayaan-II mission is slated for 2014, after successfully conducting two GSLV flights.

On human space flight programme, ISRO conducted initial studies for four years from 2002 to examine the technological challenges.

In 2006, about 80 senior scientists from across the country who attended a meeting convened by ISRO, were highly appreciative of the study conducted by the space agency and unanimous in suggesting that the time is appropriate for India to undertake such a mission.

By the year 2008, ISRO officials had indicated that they are eyeing the 2015-2016 time-frame for the mission but the back-to-back failure of GSLV has put the clock back by at least a couple of years.[/size]
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Salo

http://www.firstpost.com/tech/isros-priorities-not-right-says-former-chief-nair-404986.html
ЦитироватьISRO's priorities not right, says former chief Nair[/size]

Aug 4, 2012

Bangalore: The Mars mission should not have been a priority at this stage for India which, instead, ought to have devoted time and energy on getting its rocket operational again and give momentum to the human space flight programme, former ISRO chief G Madhavan Nair said.

"My personal opinion is: this (Mars mission) is not a big priority project for us. We should have concentrated more on qualifying the cryogenic engine (for GSLV-Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) and make our manned mission initiative move forward," Nair told PTI here.

G Madhavan Nair said ISRO's priorities are misplaced. Reuters.

The Union Cabinet last night gave go-ahead to the Mars mission, clearing the proposal of Department of Space to put a satellite in an orbit around Mars to study the Red Planet.

Nair, who has accomplished 25 successful missions during his tenure of six years as Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Secretary in the Department of Space, argued that for India, the manned mission (human space flight programme) is the "immediate priority".

"That's where the big gap is. The United States space shuttle has failed and they don't have a launch vehicle. Only Russians have an operating system. China went to the extent of creating a mini (space) station," he said.

"So, in that race India is lagging behind and unless we give a major thrust to Indian manned mission, I think we will be left behind." Nair said India's proposed Mars mission is "only a very small payload with not very big scientific objective".

"We cannot say we can make an impact even nationally or internationally in that (Rs 450 crore Mars mission). Terming the Mars mission as a "peripheral thing", he said ISRO should, instead, spend its time and energy on qualifying the indigenous cryogenic engine and stage for GSLV (rocket) as also for GSLV-Mk III, which is being developed to carry four-tonne class of satellites.

Nair expressed the view that Mars mission is not a "big challenge". India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV rocket) has proven a number of times it can put satellites into highly elliptical orbit and "if you (Mars satellite) are in the right direction, it will go around Mars".

"It's not even as complex as Chandrayaan-1 mission. By increasing velocity, you will reach Mars. There is not much sophistication involved (in Mars mission) whereas moon mission (Chandrayaan-1) was complex."

Nair also noted that announcement by China that it would land an exploratory craft on the moon next year, and pointed out that India's own similar programme (Chandrayaan-2) has been put on a "low key" compared to the Mars mission, which ISRO plans to undertake in November next year with a 25 kg scientific payload.

"It shows that the priorities are not in the right direction," he said. In an orbit of 500 x 80,000 km around Mars, the Indian orbiter can get only "very sketchy picture" of the Red Planet.

"With highly elliptical orbit, it's not good for imaging". This orbit might be good for "atmospheric sounding" but NASA has published enough data on Martian atmosphere and "I don't think we can add much value", he said.

But he acknowledged that the Indian orbiter will have a payload to detect the presence of methane. "If that's a success, then that could be a unique point.

PTI[/size]
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Salo

http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/asd_08_14_2012_p02-01-485662.xml
ЦитироватьIndia Eyes New Pad As Space Launch Plans Grow[/size]
By Jay Menon
Source: Aerospace Daily & Defense Report

August 14, 2012

NEW DELHI — The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is building a third launch pad as it eyes plans to significantly boost its launch tempo to 58 space missions during the next five years, according to a senior government official.

"To be precise, the program will consist of 33 satellite missions and 25 launch vehicle missions to be undertaken during the 12th five-year plan, which ends March 31, 2017," says V. Narayanasamy, minister of state in the prime minister's office, which is in charge of the space department.

Preliminary studies for establishing the third launch pad, to be located at the spaceport at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, are under way, according to Narayanasamy.

He says the proposed plan is currently "under consideration" and the funds required to carry it out will be "finalized in the next few months."

A government panel on space and technology earlier this year recommended a financial allocation of nearly $10 billion for various space missions for the next five years. India has so far completed at least 10 missions in each of the 8th, 9th and 10th planing periods, and 29 in the 11th five-year plan period, which ended on March 31.[/size]
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http://www.timesnow.tv/INDIA/India-launches-new-space-plan/videoshow/4409238.cms
ЦитироватьIndia's space policy is finally ready. Keeping in mind that space is critical for India's defence and considering the large number of communication and information gathering satellites that India has, protecting them is very important. After significant contributions from ISRO, MEA DRDO, Air Force and the National Security Council India is ready for war in space[/size].
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http://www.thehindu.com/arts/books/article3828527.ece
ЦитироватьThis is India's rocket science[/size]
N. Gopal Raj
 
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ROCKETRY IN' ISRO'
TOPICS



 In November next year, the Indian space programme will look back 50 years to an iconic event in its history – the launch of a small U.S.-built rocket from the southern state of Kerala. That rocket did no more than shoot up to a height of about 200 km and release a cloud of sodium vapour which, set aglow by the light of a setting sun, could be seen from afar in the gathering dusk.

 It nevertheless marked the beginning of a long journey. These days, India is able to build rockets that dwarf the one launched in 1963. The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) has proved to be remarkably rugged and versatile, transporting a variety of operational satellites, such as those for communications and remote sensing, as well as spacecraft like the country's first Moon probe, Chandrayaan-1, into orbit around the Earth.

 This book charts the technological course of that journey, from initially making smaller and simpler types of rockets, known as 'sounding rockets', and then progressing to developing launch vehicles that became increasingly more powerful and capable. The authors of the book, P.V. Manoranjan Rao and P. Radhakrishnan, have both worked for many years and occupied senior positions at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, the lead agency for the rocket programme.

 The tale they tell is not new. Even so, the richness of detail and the anecdotes that have been incorporated make their book interesting. Such information is particularly useful in respect of events in the early years of the programme that are often poorly documented.

Visionary

 It is a measure of how little capability in modern rocketry existed within the country at the time that a small group of young men, among them A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (who later became President of India), had to be sent to America for training before the first imported sounding rocket could be launched. But Vikram Sarabhai, scientist, industrialist and, above all, a man with a vision, was undaunted. The founder of India's space programme looked ahead to a time when the country would be able to build satellites as well as the rockets to launch them.

 In April 1968, Sarabhai set up a group to study the feasibility of developing a launch vehicle to carry a satellite weighing about 30 kg. Following its favourable report, design options for such a vehicle were studied in detail. "The configuration of the launch vehicle was chosen after a thorough comparative study of three-stage and four-stage combinations," according to this book. A four-stage configuration, which was closely modelled on America's Scout rocket, was selected and came to be known as SLV-3.

 But, interestingly, the book also notes that Homi Bhabha, who established and headed the atomic energy programme, had, as early as February 1965, approached the U.S. space agency, NASA, seeking technology transfer of the Scout vehicle. (The Indian space programme was under the Department of Atomic Energy in its early years, and a separate Department of Space was created only in 1972.) The Americans politely refused to oblige.

 The SLV-3 was a small and relatively simple launch vehicle. Even so, much of the 1970s went into its development, a reflection of the many different technological elements that had to be mastered and integrated into a single system.

 The first launch of the rocket in August 1979 ended in failure. A year later, when the rocket was brought to the launch pad for a second attempt, a problem cropped up. The book narrates how the umbilical cable from the launch tower, which was used to service the satellite, failed to detach and retract shortly before lift-off. Ordinarily, no one is allowed to approach a launch vehicle that is ready to be fired. In this case, however, a technician by the name of Bapaiah volunteered to climb the launch tower. With a kick from him, the recalcitrant umbilical cable came loose and a short while later "India became a space-faring nation."

 Two more flights of the SLV-3 followed. Then came the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), the PSLV and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

Back to Indigenous method

 In writing about the GSLV, the authors have gone along with the Indian Space Research Organisation's view that it was preferable to import, rather than indigenously develop, the cryogenic engine technology required for the rocket. But after the Russians backed off from supplying the technology in the face of a U.S. embargo, the space agency had necessarily to return to indigenous development. The end result has been that much time, effort and money was needlessly spent on pursuing the import option and the country still does not have a reliable GSLV to show for it.

 All said and done, this book is a useful contribution to understanding the path that the Indian rocket programme has followed over the past five decades.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF ROCKETRY IN ISRO: P.V. Manoranjan Rao, P. Radhakrishnan; Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 3-6-741/A & 3-6-754/1, Himayat Nagar, Hyderabad-500029. Rs. 450.[/size]
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ISRO successfully launches PSLV-C21 from Sriharikota
Цитировать

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh talks with ISRO chief K Radhakrishnan during a visit to the GSLV Mk III vehicle assembly facility at Sriharikota on the eve of the launch of the PSLV-C21 on Saturday.




Prime Minister Manmohan Singh with ISRO scientists at the PSLV launch facility in Sriharikota on the eve of the launch of the PSLV -C21 vehicle on Saturday.


The Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO) PSLV-C21 launch vehicle, carrying two satellites, blasted off from the first launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on Sunday, with the launch being witnessed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

The rocket carried two foreign satellites — SPOT 6, a French satellite and a Japanese micro satellite called PROITERES.

Dr Manmohan Singh along with Minister of State in Prime Minister Office, V Narayanasamy, were present to witness the launch at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) here. Sriharikota is around 80 km north of Chennai.

Exactly at 9.51 a.m., the rocket — Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C21 (PSLV-C21), standing around 44 metres tall and weighing around 230 tonne, with a one way ticket — hurtled towards the skies ferrying the two foreign satellites — SPOT 6, a French earth observation satellite weighing 712 kg and 15 kg micro satellite PROITERES of Japan.

The cost of the rocket is around Rs. 75 crores.

PROITERES is intended to study powered flight of a small satellite by an electric thruster and observe Japan's Kansai district with a high resolution camera.

Dr Manmohan Singh watched the historic 100th mission of the Indian space agency and scientists at Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) rocket's mission control room kept an eye on the rocket that escaped the earth's gravitational pull.

ISRO officials are hoping that the agency's 100th space mission will turn out to be a grand success.

The PSLV-C21 rocket is expected to deliver SPOT 6 and PROITERES into a 655 km polar orbit.

Remote sensing satellites send back pictures and other data. The SPOT and Indian remote sensing satellites are the two leading earth observation satellite series.

Interestingly SPOT 6 is the heaviest foreign satellite to be carried by a PSLV rocket since 1999 when ISRO started launching satellites owned by foreign agencies.

ISRO has been carrying foreign satellites since 1999 initially as an add-on luggage to its own satellite.

It was with Agile, a 350 kg Italian satellite, that ISRO started flying a full commercial rocket. Till date ISRO has launched 27 foreign satellites successfully and the Sunday mission would take the tally to 29.

The successful launch of SPOT-6 would make ISRO's PSLV rocket a strong contender to carry SPOT-7 planned by French company Astrium SAS soon.

According to ISRO, the satellite launch agreement between Antrix and Astrium is part of the long-term agreement signed between the two agencies in September 2008.

The space agency has also jointly built two heavy satellites — 3,453 kg W2M and 2,541 kg Hylas — for the French agency.

India has the largest constellation of remote sensing satellites in the world providing imagery in a variety of spatial resolutions, from more than a metre ranging up to 500 metres, and is a major player in vending such data in the global market.

With 12 remote sensing/earth observation satellites orbiting in the space, India is a world leader in the remote sensing data market. The 12 satellites are TES, Resourcesat-1, Cartosat-1, -2, -2A and -2B, IMS-1, Risat-2, Oceansat-2, Resourcesat-2, Megha-Tropiques and Risat-1.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3877023.ece
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http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pslvc21-launch-at-951-am-today/289762-60-114.html
ЦитироватьAndhra Pradesh | Posted on Sep 09, 2012 at 09:08am IST
PSLV-C21 launch at 9.51 am today[/size]

Prime minister Manmohan Singh  arrived at Sriharikota, near here, on Saturday evening to witness the launch of Indian Space Research Organisation's PSLV-C21 on Sunday morning.

This is Singh's third visit to SHAR and second as prime minister. His first visit in the 80s was as a member of the Space Commission.

Governor ESL Nara-simhan, chief minister N.Kiran Kumar Reddy, ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan, district in-charge minister Pithani Satyanarayana, Nellore City MLA M Sreedhar Krishna Reddy, district collector B.Sridhar were among those who received him.

After arrival by a special helicopter from Chennai around 5.35 pm, Singh inspected the First Launching Pad (FLP) at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre from where the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C21, ISRO's 100th mission, will be launched into the orbit at 9.51 am on Sunday. He also visited the Second Launching Pad( SLP) and the GSLV Mark-3 solid stage assembly building. Later, he interacted with the ISRO chief and other scientists at Bhaskara Guest House. Future space missions, including Chandrayaan-2, are believed to have been discussed by them. ISRO is likely to launch the 3.40-tonne communication satellite, GSAT-10, between September 21 and 23 by European consortium's Ariane-5 rocket from Kourou in French Guiana. The entire Sriharikota area has come under a thick security blanket as the prime minister and renowned space scientists arrived at SHAR to watch ISRO's 100th launch.

Five helipads were prepared, three for the prime minister and two for the governor and the chief minister. According to superintendent of police BV Ramanakumar seven ASPs, 25 DSPs, 60 CIs, 140 SIs, 100 ASIs, 1,000 constables, 750  CISF personnel have been deployed to provide full-scale security for two days.  Round-the-clock vigil is being kept along the 165-km-long coast on the Bay of Bengal and the Pulicat Lake where thousands of marine cops have been deployed.[/size]
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http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/article3877463.ece
ЦитироватьMars mission aimed at scientific development, not space war: ISRO
PTI[/size]

 Sriharikota (AP) Sep 9:

ISRO today denied it is locked in a space war with China and said its Mars Mission was aimed at learning more valuable lessons as a scientific community.

"We never raced with anybody. In space, science drives technological development and that will subsequently result in developing an application," ISRO chief Dr K. Radhakrishnan said in reply to a question from a reporter on whether India is locked in a space war with China.

He said the Mars Mission has relevance and one may understand many problems, including methane (there). "The mission, approved recently by the Cabinet, is a challenge and ISRO is geared to face it," he said.

K. Radhakrishnan said the Mars Mission is a time-bound programme which would ensure development of new technology and applications. He mentioned India is one among the top six countries to have a successful space programme.

The satellite would be ready by November 2013 and the conducive period to launch it would be during that time when Mars would come close to Earth, he said. "Challenges include developing new technology, reliable launch vehicle and the objective was to achieve an elliptical orbit of 500 km closest and 80,000 km farthest," he said.

The mission would involve a voyage of 300 days and there would be a series of operations after the vehicle leaves Earth's orbit, the ISRO chief said.

"From the lessons learnt in Chandrayaan (lunar) mission, we need to build on-board automation so that the satellite will manage itself in any eventuality," he said.

Speaking to reporters after the successful launch of two foreign satellites on board PSLV here, a jubilant ISRO chief said more such foreign ventures, including SPOT 7, were in the pipeline.

ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) placed in orbit French spacecraft SPOT 6 and Japanese micro satellite PROITERES some 18 minutes after lift-off at 9:53 am today.

The historic mission was described as a "spectacular success" by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who watched the launch sequence at the mission control centre at Satish Dhawan Space Centre here, about 110 km from Chennai.

On Chandrayaan 2, K. Radhakrishnan said the Indo-Russian Joint Venture on a GSLV launch vehicle would be on an Indian rover and Russian landing station. But there could be some delay in the latter as there was a 'major' review of Russian space programme following a recent failed mission.

"The orbiter is in very good shape (and the launch could be) possibly by 2014. When exactly the landing module is made available is to be seen but we are ready for 2014," K. Radhakrishnan, flanked by ISRO's top scientists said at a press conference here.

Radhakrishnan said with today's successful launch, enquiries were on for injecting more foreign satellites into orbit. ISRO's commercial arm, Antrix, was in discussion with many customers, he said.

A range of launches and other efforts were lined up in the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17), including 25 launch vehicles and 33 satellites, he said, adding this included navigation and communication satellites such as the advanced Cartosat.

On the ambitious indigenous cryogenic stage engine, which is yet to taste success, he said a series of efforts were on in this regard, including redesigning the engine shroud, wind tunnel tests and focus on structural engineering.

"GSLV per se has been audited," and action is being taken to overcome all scenarios, he said.

There was no Cabinet approval for human space flight as a plan but a pre-project exercise had been okayed with an allocation of Rs 150 core, he said.

On expansion plans at the SHAR here, he said a Multi-Object Tracking Radar would be set up which will among others, keep track of debris (ahead of launches) and allow scientists to make necessary adjustments.

He declined to divulge details on the financial part of ISRO, but said it spent Rs 20,000 crore in the 11th FYP.[/size]
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http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/9/9/33-Indias-next-moon-mission-depends-on-Russia-ISRO-chief.html
ЦитироватьIndia's next moon mission depends on Russia: ISRO chief[/size]
Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh), Sun, 09 Sep 2012 NI Wire

India's second moon mission will depend on Russia's decision after a failed inter-planetary mission with China, said ISRO chairman on Sunday after successful launching its 100th indigenous mission.

"Russia is reviewing its inter-planetary missions after a failed joint mission with China," said ISRO Chairman K Radhakrishnan.

For India's lunar mission "Chandrayaan-2", India need a lander which would be provided by Russia.

"India will build the lunar orbiter and rover. Russia has said they would come to us with a decision after their review," K Radhakrishnan told reporters.

The Chandrayaan 2 is planned for 2014 with India's heavier rocket - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

Radhakrishnan said Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will ready the rocket and also the lunar orbiter and rover.

While reports are there that the Chandrayaan 2 project may get delayed to 2016, Radhakrishnan did not comment on it.

For its 100th mission, ISRO Sunday launched a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C21 carrying SPOT 6, a 712-kg French earth observation satellite, and Proiteres, a 15-kg Japanese micro satellite, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.

ISRO is now eagerly looking forward to its Mars mission planned for next year.

Ruling out that India was in race with China for the Mars mission, Radhakrishnan said, "Mars mission is a challenging one where we will develop new technologies."

He said ISRO was studying the Mars mission since August 2010 and the union cabinet had recently approved the project.

He said the Mars mission was much more challenging than Chandrayaan 1 mission since it required taking the orbiter from the initial orbit into the Mars orbit as the distance to be covered was huge.

Radhakrishnan said the other major challenge was tracking the satellite with deep space network.

He said to realise the Mars mission next year, ISRO centres were working hard to perfect the GSLV rocket technology including the cryogenic engine technology.

On the expansion of facilities at the spaceport here, Radhakrishnan said ISRO had decided to set up a Multi Object Tracking Radar to track the space debris and to time its rocket launches precisely.

He said ISRO was also planning to have a second vehicle (rocket) assembly building to facilitate increasing launch frequency.

He said ISRO would build two more communication satellites - GSAT 15 and GSAT 16 - to augment its transponder (transmitters that receive and send signals) capacity.

--With IANS Inputs--[/size]
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http://hillpost.in/2012/09/09/indias-next-moon-mission-banks-on-russia-no-mars-race-with-china-isro-chief/50898/latest-news/hp_bureau
ЦитироватьHe said to realise the Mars mission next year, ISRO centres were working hard to perfect the GSLV rocket technology including the cryogenic engine technology.

On the expansion of facilities at the space port here, Radhakrishnan said ISRO had decided to set up a multi object tracking radar to track the space debris and to time its rocket launches precisely.

He said ISRO was also planning to have a second vehicle (rocket) assembly building to facilitate increasing launch frequency.

He said ISRO would build two more communication satellites – GSAT 15 and GSAT 16 – to augment its transponder (transmitters that receive and send signals) capacity.

According to Radhakrishan, the Indian space agency has planned 58 missions (25 rockets and 33 satellites) during the 12th Plan Period (2012-2017).

"The 25 rockets would include PSLV, GSLV and GSLV Mark III. The satellites include seven navigation satellites with the first one to be expected in 2013. Then there will be series of remote sensing, microwave and communication satellites," Radhakrishnan said.

He said the Planning Commission has not yet allocated any sum for the space sector for the 12th Plan Period while the spend during the last five years was around Rs.20,000 crore.

By Venkatachari Jagannathan/IANS[/size]
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ЦитироватьС большим успехом индийских ракетчиков и всю космическую отрасль поздравил премьер-министр страны Манмохан Сингх, который находился на космодроме и сам наблюдал за [...........] ракетным стартом. "Индия по праву гордится своими учеными, которые, несмотря на все трудности, создали технологии для изучения и освоения космического пространства", - поздравил ученых глава правительства.

Выступая на пресс-конференции, Манмохан Сингх подчеркнул, что Индия сейчас готовится к пилотируемому космическому полету, который предварительно запланирован на 2016 г. А раньше, в в 2013 г., индийская научная станция должна отправиться к Марсу. Стоимость этой миссии, по данным СМИ, оценивается в 4-5 млрд рупий (70-90 млн дол).

Однако многие как в самой Индии, так и за ее рубежами задаются вопросом, не слишком ли дорогое это удовольствие тратить огромные средства на космос, когда они требуются для борьбы с бедностью и решения острых социальных проблем в стране. Ответом на него послужили слова премьер- министра, который сказал: "Сейчас у нас самих возникают вопросы о том, насколько благоразумно выделение финансовых средств на реализацию космической миссии в то время, как в стране очень низкий уровень жизни. Может ли такая бедная страна, как Индия, позволить себе дорогие полеты в космос. Может быть, этим деньгам можно было найти более достойное применение. Однако Индия гордится своими учеными и достойна того, чтобы показать свое могущество в космической отрасли".
http://www.itar-tass.com/c19/516297.html
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http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/asd_09_19_2012_p03-01-497035.xml&p=1
ЦитироватьIndia Looks For Greater Industry Participation In Space[/size]
By Jay Menon
Source: Aerospace Daily & Defense Report

September 19, 2012

NEW DELHI — The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) plans to support its indigenous space technology industry to make launch vehicles and communication satellites.

"If industry takes up launch vehicles and satellites through a consortium and [working] with ISRO, it will benefit all of us in several ways. ISRO could focus on more challenging tasks," according to ISRO chief K. Radhakrishnan.

Since space missions have become a lucrative business for private industry, and in order to meet the huge demand for satellite services, "in the next two years, we need to work the with industry on this in a mission mode and show the new face of Indian space industry," he says.

"ISRO would like to sit on one side and look at Indian Space Industry Consortia [to] take leadership in niche areas of operational and launch vehicle systems. If we fail to move into such a production regime now, we will feel the pinch in the next decade," Radhakrishnan said recently.

ISRO has sketched out future scenarios and concluded that India's operational launch vehicles — currently the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and in the future the Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle or GSLV-Mk III — could be produced by Indian industry.

"In the future, operational launch vehicles such as the PSLVs, GSLVs and GSLV Mark III could be produced by the industry, starting from basic raw materials to actual launch," he says.

Radhakrishnan suggests studying the relationships between European and U.S. space agencies and their respective supporting industries.

"There are 20 big companies in the EADS consortium and in the U.S., NASA has a large number of industries connected to space technology working with it," Radhakrishnan says.

"This has led them to achieve big-time success. We can also achieve this with active participation of the industry, at least to a smaller extent," he says.

The national space agency and the Confederation of Indian Industry are already in talks to kick-start intensive industry participation in space technology.

Radhakrishnan says he expects several industry consortia to emerge in the country in the next two years to make raw materials, components and subsystems for space hardware.

With another 10 missions lined up until September 2013, Radhakrishnan says ISRO and the Indian industry consortia can perform that many missions in a year. "We are looking at a target of 10 to 12 missions a year," he says.

ISRO expects to launch 60 space missions over the next five year.[/size]
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В трех центрах Индийской организации космических исследований сменились директора  
               
 В трех центрах Индийской организации космических исследований – Космическом центре имени Викрама Сарабхаи (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre), Центре двигательных систем (Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre) и Космическом центре имени Сатиша Дхавана (Satish Dhawan Space Centre) новые директора. С 1 января 2013 года к своим обязанностям приступили С. Рамакришнан, М. Чандрадатхан и М. Прасад соответственно.
 
 К.И.

http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/news/4227/
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http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/TheIndianSpaceProgrammein2012_rrao_020113
ЦитироватьThe Indian Space Programme in 2012: A Review

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Radhakrishna Rao

January 2, 2013

By all means, 2012 can be considered a watershed year for the Indian space programme. The programme had begun modestly in November 1963 with the launch of a 9-kg sounding rocket from a modest facility in the fishing hamlet of Thumba on the outskirts of Thiruvananthapuram. 2012 saw the 100th space mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). On September 9, 2012, the four stage workhorse PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) orbited the 720-kg French remote sensing satellite Spot-6 along with the 15-kg Japanese Proiteres probe as a piggy back payload on commercial terms, and in the process helped ISRO complete the saga of a "space century". The significance of the mission lay in the fact that the PSLV, considered a highly reliable space vehicle, launched the heaviest ever satellite of an international customer on commercial terms.

The PSLV has so far launched 29 satellites for international customers on commercial terms. Its versatility lies in the fact that it can launch satellites into a variety of orbits. But then ISRO's continued dependence on a single operational launch vehicle in the form of the PSLV implies that heavier class home grown INSAT/GSAT series of communications satellites are hoisted into space by means of procured launch services. Not surprisingly then the 3,400-kg GSAT-10 satellite carrying 30 communications transponders and a payload designed to support the Gagan satellite based, civilian aircraft navigation and management system was launched by the Araine-5 vehicle in September 2012. The continued dependence on Ariane-5 for deploying the heavier class Indian communications satellites not only implies a huge foreign exchange outgo but also makes for a far from sound strategic approach. For, in the context of the rapidly shifting global geopolitical dynamics, the timely accessibility to a procured launch service could become a difficult and challenging proposition in the years ahead.

Indeed, the failure of ISRO to qualify the home grown cryogenic engine stage, meant to power the three-stage Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), has forced India to go in for commercial launch services to get its heavier class communications satellites off the ground. The long delay in mastering the complexities of the cryogenic propulsion system based on liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen mix implies that there are serious challenges ahead in putting in operational mode the GSLV-MKII capable of placing a 2.5-tonne class satellite and the high performance GSLV-MKIII capable of deploying a 4-tonne class satellite into geosynchronous transfer orbits. The failure of the two GSLV missions during 2010—one with a home grown upper cryogenic stage and the other with a Russian origin cryogenic engine stage—proved to be a setback for the Indian launch vehicle development programme.

Though ISRO had planned a GSLV-MKII launch with an indigenous upper cryogenic stage during 2012, it stood postponed to 2013. The qualification of a 400-tonne plus GSLV is critical for ISRO to sustain some of its high profile projects including the Chandrayaan-II mission slated for take off sometime during the middle of this decade. The Chandrayaan-II mission to the moon, which would feature an Indian orbiter and rover and a Russian lander, is a follow up to India's maiden lunar probe Chandrayaan-1 launched in 2008.

Nevertheless, the successful launch of India's fully home grown microwave earth imaging satellite RISAT-1 by means of a PSLV flight in April 2012 stood out as a sort of achievement for ISRO. For, very few countries have built up the technological expertise to engineer an all weather remote sensing satellite like RISAT-1, which is capable of collecting data even under conditions of cloud, darkness, haze and dust storm. RISAT-1 can be harnessed for both civilian and defence applications. It can be used for disaster prediction and monitoring agricultural dynamics as well as for surveillance by the armed forces.

Though ISRO had hinted at a couple of space missions from the space port in Sriharikota island on India's eastern coast before the end of 2012, these did not materialize. In particular, the launch of the Indo-French research satellite Saral by means of the core alone version of PSLV—without the usual six strap on boosters attached to the first stage—originally planned for the end of 2012 was postponed to the first quarter of 2013. ISRO has cited technical glitches as the reason for the postponement of this space mission. The 400-kg Saral built at the ISRO Satellite Centre in Bangalore is designed to monitor the circulation of oceanic currents and measurement of sea surface heights. This PSLV mission will also launch five small payloads of international customers on commercial terms.

ISRO also plans to launch the first of the seven satellites constituting the space segment of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) by means of a PSLV flight sometime in 2013. IRNSS makes for great strategic sense as it would free India from its dependence on the American GPS system whose specialized services at times are difficult to access. The Indian defence forces would stand to benefit from IRNSS for purposes ranging from location identification to launching precision weapons including long range missiles with a high degree of accuracy.

However, the highpoint of ISRO's march into space would be the plan to launch India's Mars probe in November 2013 when the earth moves closest to the Red planet. This is the earliest launch window available for the Indian Mars probe. The launch of the Indian Mars orbiter by means of an augmented version of the PSLV would make India the sixth country in the world to send a mission to the Red Planet. The Indian Mars mission will focus on life, climate, geology, origin, evolution and sustainability of life forms on the planet. ISRO considers the Rs. 4500-million Indian Mars probe, to be called Mangalyaan, as a major technology build up exercise for accelerating India's forays into deep space. After the accomplishment of the Mars mission, ISRO plans to send probes to Venus and the asteroid belt.

But then India's much talked of plan for a human space mission, which is yet to receive final clearance from the Government of India, has been kept in the backburner. Even as ISRO has done some preliminary ground work for identifying the cutting edge technologies for this high profile project, the country is yet to build up "the infrastructure and capability" robust enough for this "complex and challenging mission." According to ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan, "A human space flight is a complex mission requiring a host of things such as a heavy rocket, re-entry vehicle, space capsule, space suit, environmental control, life support system and an escape system for the crew... As of now, we don't have a programme to launch a human space flight over the next five years."

In the ultimate analysis, both the planetary missions and human flight represent a dilution of the original philosophy with which the Indian space programme took off. In the late 1960s, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the architect of the Indian space programme, had elaborated:

    "There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned spaceflight. But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally, and in the comity of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society."

In this context, ISRO points out that the societal commitment of the Indian space programme continues to be in an expansion mode even as efforts are on for forays into deep space.

In the context of fast expanding space missions resulting in a growing constellation of satellites, there is a concern in India over the safety of its space assets. This concern assumed serious dimensions in early 2007 when China successfully carried out an anti-satellite test followed by a well conceived plan for mastering the techniques of a full fledged space war. Of course, both ISRO and DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) have made it clear that India has all the resources required to engineer an anti-satellite system to take on a "rogue satellite". In the aftermath of the successful flight test of India's long range Agni-V missile in April 2012, DRDO chief V.K. Saraswat had noted that the "Agni-V launch has opened a new era. Apart from adding a new dimension to our strategic defence, it has ushered in fantastic opportunities in building anti satellite weapons."

By all means India's space weaponization programme, the realization of which is subject to the approval of the political leadership of the county, would stand to benefit enormously from the technological advances made by ISRO and DRDO. Not long ago, India's Defence Minister A.K. Antony had wondered as to how long India would "remain committed to the policy of the non weaponization of space even as counter space systems are emerging in India's neighbourhood (read China)."But then India, which is officially committed to the peaceful uses of outer space, will find it difficult to go ahead with plans for developing the building blocks for engaging in a full fledged space war.
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#37
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-06/bangalore/36173679_1_polar-satellite-launch-vehicle-pslvs-gslvs
ЦитироватьGISAT set for 2016-17 launch: ISRO chairman
Rhik Kundu, TNN Jan 6, 2013, 06.27AM IST

In an exclusive interview to TOI, ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan speaks about the increasing number of commercial launches by the space agency, entrusting private players with the task of building rockets and satellites and on the formation of a consortium to build PSLV for 21 consecutive launches by 2017.

How does increasing the number of commercial launches help the space agency in its quest for space success?

While the primary mandate for our launch vehicle development programme is to meet the national needs of orbiting satellites for remote sensing, communications, navigation and space science, the commercial launch opportunities enabled us to benchmark our Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) series in the global context. In the next mission of PSLV, we are set to launch six more foreign satellites from Austria, Canada, Denmark and the UK. Discussions are on for launching a few more foreign satellites during 2013-15. This is a tacit recognition by international community of the technological maturity, reliability and cost-effectiveness of our PSLVs. Also, these commercial endeavours foster international cooperation in the field of space technology.

How does the trend of entrusting private players with the task of building rockets and satellites help Isro?

In the late 1970s, Isro took a seminal decision to induct Indian industry as a partner in executing our space programme. At present, about 500 firms from both public sector and private sector (large, medium, small and micro) are contributing to the Indian space programme in a major way. While we accomplished a quantum jump in terms of missions and their complexities over the decades, Isro's human capital has remained more or less constant at about 16,000 since the mid 1980's. It is the track record of this alliance that gives us the confidence to further enhance the role and responsibility of Indian industry for managing the operational component of our space programme. To start with, that does include building the PSLV rockets and communication satellites.

How far has the idea, to form a consortium to build PSLV for 21 consecutive launches by 2017, materialized?

We have had 22 launches of PSLV series so far. During the 12th Five Year Plan period, 17 launches of PSLV have been envisaged. The PSLV has earned a niche in the international market which needs to be harnessed. However, we need to fly a few GSLVs and GSLV Mk III during the next five years. There is also a suite of major developmental tasks on hand -- essentially in the area of semi-cryogenics, re-usable launch vehicle technology, air-breathing propulsion technology and space exploration -- which would place a heavy demand on our internal resources.

In this context, the idea to form a consortium with industry to build PSLVs to meet national needs and international commercial opportunities was mooted by Isro. We are delighted to see the positive response from the industry and their representative bodies. We have to complete a number of studies form the industrial organization and obtain the necessary approvals so that by 2017 we could roll out a PSLV through this organizational arrangement.

The 12th Five Year Plan sanctions at least 58 missions in the next five years, at almost one launch a month. What's the progress?

As of now, 58 space missions have been planned during the 12th Five Year Plan period, comprising of 33 satellite missions and 25 launch vehicle missions (17 PSLVs, 6 GSLV and 2 GSLV MK III). This plan necessitates 25 launches from Sriharikota over a five year period for orbiting 23 Indian satellites and a few foreign satellites onboard PSLV. The 10 heavier Indian geostationary satellites would be launched from abroad.

When do you plan to launch the Geo Imaging Satellite?

Geo Imaging Satellite (GISAT) will observe earth from geo-stationery orbit, enabling continuous observation of Indian sub-continent, to facilitate quick monitoring of natural hazards and disaster. The project is progressing well for a launch by GSLV in 2016-17.
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

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"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

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#39
http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130222/news-current-affairs/article/desi-engine-power-gslv
ЦитироватьDesi engine to power GSLV
DC | N. Arun Kumar | 3 hours 14 min ago


S. Ramakrishnan.

Chennai: The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) has plans to launch GSLV with its indigenous cryogenic engine in May this year.

Speaking to Deccan Chronicle on the sidelines of the national propulsion conference at IIT Madras on Thursday, S. Ramakrishnan, director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), said Isro had done extensive review of what went wrong in the cryogenic stage in the Geo Synchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV). "We also did a detailed analysis of the booster pump which failed during the mission", he said.

Pointing out that Isro had already conducted one of the crucial tests at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre at Mahendragiri, Ramakrishnan said they would soon do the high altitude test in vacuum to check the engine's stability in upper space.

"Once this test is over we will integrate the cryogenic stage in GSLV rocket for launch in May this year, which will carry one of GSATs, India's advanced communication satellite. Now we have addressed all issues, including the failed booster pump, and we are certain that we will have a successful mission in May", he added.

Listing out launches to be made by Isro this year, the VSSC director said PSLV would soon place SPOT 7 satellite in orbit after which there would be couple of launches with foreign satellites.
Ramakrishnan noted that India would demonstrate its technology in re-entry launch vehicles segment. "Every country is doing re-entry launch vehicles as a demonstration vehicles. We have been working re-entry launch vehicles technology. Currently we have a small vehicle. We will attempt for a bigger one in one year", he said.

Saraswat: India's tech gap with other countries widening

Scientific advisor to the defence minister and DRDO's director general V.K. Saraswat on Thursday lamented that India had to depend mostly on foreign nations for technology and the ap between India and other developed nations had widened in the recent past.

Delivering the inaugural address at the national propulsion conference at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, Dr Saraswat said even though India had made greater advancements in technology based on solid and liquid rocket propulsion it needs to develop a lot in tactical missile propulsion system.

"The present state of engine technology in our country is not up to the mark and the aerospace industry in our country is at crossroads. We have achieved partial success with Kaveri engine flight tested in flying test bed abroad", he said.

Raising concern over the dependence on foreign technology in aircraft, both defence and civilian, Dr Saraswat said the import cost of technology would cripple national economy and endanger national security, if the country's scientists didn't' develop indigenous technology.

"We don't have state-of-the-art indigenous system worth mentioning. Even simple fuel injection systems are not made on par with international standards", he added.
Dr Saraswat pointed out that Indian war tanks had no engine manufactured in India and the defence forces had to rely on foreign technology for it.
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