GSAT-4+GAGAN=GSLV-D3(Mk.2)- 15.04.10 14:57 ЛМВ -авария

[Sharicoff]

Говорят, что не запустились рулевые; потом пошло кувыркалово.

We saw the vehicle was tumbling, indicating the controllability was lost, most probably [because] the two vernier engines, small cryo engines, would not have ignited and developed the necessary control force.

http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1004/15gslv/

[Salo]

http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=18858.msg576689#msg576689

[SpaceR]

Salo, спасибо, но это увы ничего не объясняет - подобные параметры возможны как при незапуске всего ЖРД, так и при старте только основной камеры и последующем неуправляемом полёте.

[Salo]

При неуправляемом полёте скорость изменялась бы в любом случае.

Водородник не запустился, поскольку зажигание не отрабатывалось на вакуумном стенде:
http://beta.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/article399411.ece

Why didn't the cryogenic engine ignite?
T. S. Subramaniam

The non-ignition of the cryogenic engine on board the Geo-Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-D3) led to the failure of the mission on Thursday (April 15), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has more or less concluded. "The cryogenic engine has not ignited, that is for sure. Why it has not ignited, the reasons have to be found out," said S. Satish, ISRO spokesman, on Friday.

All the telemetry data had come in by 1 p.m. on Friday and the ISRO top-brass was studying them line by line. The GSLV-D3 is a three-stage rocket and it was flying with an indigenous cryogenic engine for the first time.

A cryogenic engine uses liquid hydrogen at minus 253 degrees Celsius as fuel and liquid oxygen at minus 183 degrees as oxidiser. The vehicle lifted off as planned at 4.27 p.m. and its performance was normal up to the end of its second stage till 293 seconds from the lift-off. But the vehicle developed problems when the cryogenic upper stage should have ignited 304 seconds after the lift-off, and it fell into the sea.

An authoritative former ISRO official said: "It is very clear that the cryogenic engine did not ignite when you look at the curve [of the vehicle's trajectory], everything was normal up to the GS2 [second stage] shutdown. Then you can see clearly that there is no increment in the vehicle's velocity. The velocity is the same. It started losing its altitude also."

The ISRO rocket engineers are puzzled why the cryogenic engine did not fire at all. On April 9, they had repeatedly told reporters at Sriharikota that the GSLV-D3 was "the most reviewed vehicle" because it was flying an indigenous cryogenic engine for the first time.

A national panel consisting of former ISRO chairmen, specialists in cryogenic technology and academicians had reviewed the vehicle several times and signalled the go-ahead. But for these repeated reviews, the flight would have taken place in December 2009, they had said.

Besides, the indigenous cryogenic engine was tested on the ground cumulatively for 7,767 seconds, while it would fire for only 720 seconds in flight.

Post-flight, ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan said the entire cryogenic stage, including its engine, passed the qualification test on November 15, 2007 when it fired for 720 seconds. "In the last three years, we have been working on the flight-engine," he said. But he pointed to one big difficulty — the ignition of the cryogenic engine taking place in the vacuum of space [which cannot be simulated on the ground].

S. Ramakrishnan, Director (Projects), Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, also noted, "Ignition in vacuum of the cryogenic engine could be done only in flight."

[SpaceR]

Водородник не запустился, поскольку зажигание не отрабатывалось на вакуумном стенде:
http://beta.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/article399411.ece

Ок, спасибо за информацию.
Однако, легкомысленно с их стороны... Могли бы испытания в России заказать, если уж свой стенд построить жаба задавила.

При неуправляемом полёте скорость изменялась бы в любом случае.

А вот с этим можно спорить, поскольку указанный в таблице параметр показывает приращение скорости в целевом направлении, т.е. для выхода на опорную.
А при неуправляемом полёте наверняка был бы разворот, и приращение именно в эту сторону могло быть нулевым или даже отрицательным. Как раз подобное произошло с довыведением ПГ в первом пуске "Энергии".
Так или иначе спорить по этому поводу особого смысла уже нет, раз официальный вердикт озвучен.

[hecata]

Besides, the indigenous cryogenic engine was tested on the ground cumulatively for 7,767 seconds, while it would fire for only 720 seconds in flight.

Это очень мало, что-то. КБХА вон по РД-0146 уже больше 10000 с наработала, а до квалификации (испытаниях в составе блоков) еще несколько лет.

But he pointed to one big difficulty — the ignition of the cryogenic engine taking place in the vacuum of space [which cannot be simulated on the ground].

S. Ramakrishnan, Director (Projects), Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, also noted, "Ignition in vacuum of the cryogenic engine could be done only in flight."

А здесь он чью задницу этим враньем прикрывает?

[Salo]

Водородник не запустился, поскольку зажигание не отрабатывалось на вакуумном стенде:
http://beta.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/article399411.ece

Ок, спасибо за информацию.
Однако, легкомысленно с их стороны... Могли бы испытания в России заказать, если уж свой стенд построить жаба задавила.

При неуправляемом полёте скорость изменялась бы в любом случае.

А вот с этим можно спорить, поскольку указанный в таблице параметр показывает приращение скорости в целевом направлении, т.е. для выхода на опорную.
А при неуправляемом полёте наверняка был бы разворот, и приращение именно в эту сторону могло быть нулевым или даже отрицательным. Как раз подобное произошло с довыведением ПГ в первом пуске "Энергии".
Так или иначе спорить по этому поводу особого смысла уже нет, раз официальный вердикт озвучен.

Чтобы скорость в целевом направлении не менялась , вектор тяги должен быть направлен строго перпендикулярно вектору скорости. Однако и при этом должна резко меняться высота и/или наклонение орбиты.
Представить, что ступень, при неработающих рулевиках, сначала случайным образом развернулась в такое положение, а затем по неведомой причине постоянно в нём находилась, я не могу. :wink:

[Salo]

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/GSLV-mission-Scientists-say-cryogenic-engine-had-ignited-/articleshow/5828347.cms

GSLV mission: Scientists say cryogenic engine had ignited
18 Apr 2010, 1550 hrs IST,IANS
 

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: A team of Indian space scientists has established that the indigenously built cryogenic engine had ignited for a second during the failed GSLV mission Thursday.

"This took place for a second and then the fuel supply to power turbo got blocked. The (Indian Space Research Organisation) chairman and we knew this on Thursday but then we wanted to be doubly sure about it. And now this has been substantiated with the data. By all means this is a great achievement," said a senior scientist who did not wish to be identified.

Speaking to IANS, senior space scientists said they have with them records to prove that compression had taken place and the cryogenic engine had ignited.

The GSLV D3 blasted off with a GSAT 4 satellite around 5 p.m. Thursday from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh but then stopped emitting signals within minutes.

A high-level meeting began here Saturday to review the flight data of Thursday's failed rocket mission.

The meeting is taking place at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) here, a unit of the ISRO.

ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan, who arrived here Saturday night, is leading the discussion.

"The two-day meeting has also decided to constitute a failure analysis committee, where complete reasons would be listed of the failure of the mission. Finer details of the probable causes of failure would be analysed thread-bare. This committee would be headed by our chairman and would have sittings here and in Bangalore and in a month the report would be ready," added the space scientist.

It was at ISRO's centre at Valiyamala, in the city suburbs, that the cryogenic project took shape from the design stage to the assembly stage.

[Salo]

http://beta.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/article402907.ece

Indigenous cryogenic engine didn't fail to ignite: scientists
S. Anandan

Senior Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) scientists, who met at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Thiruvananthapuram to examine the reasons for the failure of the GSLV-D3 mission with indigenous cryogenic upper stage, on Sunday ascertained that contrary to initial reports the cryogenic stage had doubtless ignited in the vacuum of the space.

After deliberating on the performance parameters of the cryogenic stage (the third stage) of the unsuccessful GSLV development flight last Thursday, they concluded that the mission failed after the fuel turbo pump that supplied fuel to the cryogenic engine had stopped working a second after ignition. ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan chaired the two-day meeting.

"The data clearly shows that combustion [of the cryogenic engine fuel, liquid hydrogen at minus 253 degree Celsius, and the oxidiser, liquid oxygen at minus 183 degree Celsius] had indeed taken place. The rocket's acceleration had increased for a second before it drifted off the designated flight path. Indications are that the turbine that powered the fuel turbo pump had somehow failed. [The propellants are pumped using turbo pumps running around 4,000 rpm.] There could be various reasons for its failure," a senior ISRO scientist told The Hindu.

The ISRO will now constitute a 'Failure Analysis Committee' to close in on the exact reason for the failure. It will come out with its report by May end, following which the national experts' panel, constituted to review and give clearance to the GSLV-D3 mission, will examine the report. Dr. Radhakrishnan will brief Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Tuesday on what had gone wrong with GSLV-D3.

[Salo]

http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=18858.msg578478#msg578478

Re: GSLV-D3 / GSAT-4 launch - April 15, 2010
« Reply #88 on: 04/19/2010 11:16 AM »

on 04/18/2010 08:11 PM

    Screenshot from televised video at T0+505s when telemetry link was lost (curves and scales have been colored for better readability)

    - Nominal altitude vs time in green
    - Nominal relative velocity vs time in magenta
    - Observed deviations in red
    GS2 IGN = second stage ignition
    CUS IGN = third stage ignition
    CUS OFF = third stage cut-off

Using the data given in earlier post

[290.4   GS2
293   GS2
297   4.898
298   4.898
299   4.898
300   4.898
301   4.897
304.9   CUS
308   4.895
309   4.895
310   4.895
316   4.893
317   4.893
318   4.893
319   4.893
320   4.893
321   4.893
322   4.893
323   4.893
324   4.892
325   4.892
326   4.892
327   4.892
328   4.892
329   4.892
373   4.899
379   4.901
446.5   4.951
505   5.023]

I plotted the graph and added trendlines.

Velocity is continuously falling from 293 ( GS2 Shutoff/seperation ) to 329 seconds indicating that there is no force operating to increase the velocity ( Velocity falls from 4.898 to 4.892 ) .

After that the kinetic energy attained by previous ignitions is finished and the free fall starts increasing the freefall velocity to 4.892 to 4.899... from 329 to 373... onwards upto 5.203 at 505 seconds.

So.. even if the cryo ignited it did not impart any force towards increasing the velocity of the rocket.   

[Salo]

I tend to agree. This is illustrated below when zooming in on the period around CUS IGN.

[Salo]

Cryogenic setback

[Salo]

http://www.mynews.in/News/GSLV_failure_analysis_report_expected_in_mid_June_N53120.html

GSLV failure analysis report expected in mid June

New Delhi: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is expected to conclude the Failure Analysis and Review of the recent failure of indigenous cryogenic engine GSLV D-3 by mid June this year, the Rajya Sabha was informed today.

Replying to a question on the failed GSLV launch, Minister of State for Science and Technology Prithviraj Chavan said in a written reply that a preliminary analysis of flight data had been carried out and a two tier process for Failure Analysis and Review had been instituted.

He said next flight testing of indigenous cryogenic engine and a stage with a GSAT satellite was planned to be launched in a year's time. In the meantime, the country was planning to launch two GSAT satellites onboard the GSLV using the available Russian Cryogenic stage engine.

[Salo]

http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_geosynchronous-satellite-relaunch-with-indigenous-cryogenic-engine-in-one-yr-isro_1402900

Geosynchronous Satellite relaunch with indigenous cryogenic engine in one yr: ISRO

PTI
Tuesday, June 29, 2010 17:12 IST

Kolkata: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is planning to relaunch the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) with a home-grown cryogenic engine in a year's time after the failure in April this year.

"We have come across a few scenarios after detailed analysis of the failure. Now the immediate task is to test it on the ground and we look forward to relaunch it next year," ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan told reporters on the sidelines of the 117 birth anniversary celebrations of Professor PC Mahalanobis at the Indian Statistical Institute here.

The five earlier versions of the GSLV had Russia-supplied cryogenic engines. India's cryogenic upper stage (CUS) engine was meant to replace the Russian engines.

The GSLV D-3, the satellite launch vehicle showcasing the country's indigenous cryogenic technology, trailed off its designated course and went out of control shortly after the lift-off on April 15.

The rocket, along with its two payloads -- satellites GSAT-4 and GAGAN -- crashed into the Bay of Bengal minutes after blastoff.

The failed mission caused loss of the GSLV-D3 rocket costing about Rs 180 crore and the satellites valued at Rs 150 crore.

The launch was the key to India's space programme as it would have made it the sixth nation to successfully deploy cryogenic technology, joining US, Russia, Japan, China and France.

Meanwhile, Radhakrishnan said Chandrayaan-II will be launched in 2013.

[Salo]

http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Jul09_2010

July 09, 2010       PRINT THIS PAGE  
GSLV-D3 Failure Analysis Report

The third developmental flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-D3) conducted on April 15, 2010 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, primarily for the flight testing of indigenously developed Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS), could not accomplish the mission objectives. Consequently, ISRO had instituted a two-tier process to carry out an in-depth analysis of the flight performance, identify the causes of failure and recommend corrective measures.

The Failure Analysis Committee comprising multi-disciplinary experts completed the analysis and its findings were further reviewed by a National Group of Eminent Experts. These reviews have brought out that:

   1. Following a smooth countdown, the lift-off took place at 1627 hrs (IST) as planned. All four liquid strap-on stages (L40), solid core stage (S139), liquid second stage (GS2) functioned normally.

   2. The vehicle performance was normal up to the burn-out of GS-2, that is, 293 seconds from lift-off. Altitude, velocity, flight path angle and acceleration profile closely followed the pre-flight predictions. All onboard real time decision-based events were as expected and as per pre-flight simulations.

   3. The navigation, guidance and control systems using indigenous onboard computer Vikram 1601 as well as the advanced telemetry system functioned flawlessly. The composite payload fairing of 4 metre diameter inducted first time in this flight, also performed as expected. Performance of all other systems like engine gimbal control systems and stage auxiliary systems was normal.

   4. The initial conditions required for the start of the indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) were attained as expected and the CUS start sequence got initiated as planned at 294.06 seconds from lift-off.

   5. Ignition of the CUS Main Engine and two Steering Engines have been confirmed as normal, as observed from the vehicle acceleration and different parameters of CUS measured during the flight. Vehicle acceleration was comparable with that of earlier GSLV flights up to 2.2 seconds from start of CUS. However, the thrust build up did not progress as expected due to non-availability of liquid hydrogen (LH2) supply to the thrust chamber of the Main Engine.

   6. The above failure is attributed to the anomalous stopping of Fuel Booster Turbo Pump (FBTP). The start-up of FBTP was normal. It reached a maximum speed of 34,800 rpm and continued to function as predicted after the start of CUS. However, the speed of FBTP started dipping after 0.9 seconds and it stopped within the next 0.6 seconds.

   7. Two plausible scenarios have been identified for the failure of FBTP, namely, (a) gripping at one of the seal location and seizure of rotor and (b) rupture of turbine casing caused probably due to excessive pressure rise and thermal stresses. A series of confirmatory ground tests are planned.

After incorporating necessary corrective measures, the flight testing of Indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage on GSLV is targeted within a year.

In the meantime, the next two GSLVs would fly with the available Russian Cryogenic Stages.

[Salo]

http://www.spacenews.com/launch/100709-gslv-crash-turbo-pump-failure.html

Fri, 9 July, 2010
India Traces GSLV Crash to Turbo Pump Failure
By K.S. Jayaraman

      BANGALORE, India — A turbo pump malfunction is being blamed for the April 15 launch failure of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

    The rocket veered from its flight path nearly five minutes after liftoff and crashed into the Bay of Bengal along with a communications satellite.

    The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said July 9 that investigators traced the failure to a turbo pump malfunction that abruptly stopped the flow of liquid hydrogen fuel to the thrust chamber of the rocket's domestically built third stage just 2.2 seconds after its ignition. ISRO said in a statement that investigators do not know for sure why the turbo pump failed but suspect that excessive pressure built up and thermal stresses produced "gripping at one of the seal locations" that caused a rotor to seize and rupture the turbine casing. A series of ground tests are planned to confirm the scenario, ISRO said.

    The launch failure is a set back for India's plans to attain self-sufficiency in cryogenic propulsion development. ISRO spent 3.3 billion rupees ($70.5 million) to develop the engine.

    ISRO aims to flight test the upper-stage engine within a year "after incorporating necessary corrective measures," the statement said. The next two GSLVs, meanwhile, will use Russian cryogenic stages.

http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1007/09gslv/

India blames April rocket mishap on third stage pump
BY STEPHEN CLARK
SPACEFLIGHT NOW
Posted: July 9, 2010

The doomed launch of India's most powerful rocket in April was brought down by a turbopump failure in the vehicle's homemade third stage engine, the Indian Space Research Organization announced Friday.
 
The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, or GSLV, blasted off April 15 from India's east coast, but the $70.6 million test flight abruptly ended less than 5 minutes after launch.

The GSLV's indigenous third stage, flying for the first time, did not develop the required thrust due to a mishap in its liquid hydrogen turbopump, ISRO said in a statement.

ISRO said its engineers traced the problem to two potential causes.

The scenarios include "gripping at one of the seal location(s) and seizure of rotor and rupture of turbine casing caused probably due to excessive pressure rise and thermal stresses," the statement said.

Engineers say the third stage ignition sequence started as predicted 294 seconds after liftoff, and both the main engine and two steering thrusters worked as planned for approximately 2.2 seconds, based on acceleration data from the rocket.

"However, the thrust build up did not progress as expected due to non-availability of liquid hydrogen supply to the thrust chamber of the main engine," the ISRO report said.

The hydrogen turbopump also started up normally, reaching a peak of 34,800 rpm at nearly full power. But the pump speed started dipping after less than a second and stopped completely moments later, according to ISRO.

The third stage failure put the rocket in an uncontrolled spin and it crashed back into the atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.

Although the flight's primary objective was to test the new third stage, the GSLV was carrying an experimental communications and navigation satellite.

The ISRO press release said the rocket's new navigation and computer systems and the new composite payload shroud all worked as expected during the April launch.

India developed the new cryogenic third stage to replace a Russian engine used on the GSLV's five previous flights between 2001 and 2007.

The Russian stage was blamed for two minor glitches in 2001 and 2007 that stranded payloads in slightly different orbits than planned. A liquid-fueled strap-on booster triggered a dramatic explosion shortly after a launch in 2006.

Three other GSLV flights were completely successful.

Russia sold India seven engines in the 1990s, and two of the powerplants remain in ISRO's inventory.

ISRO said Friday the next two GSLV flights will use the older Russian third stage, while another launch of the Indian-built cryogenic engine should occur within a year.

[Salo]

http://www.infox.ru/science/universe/2010/07/09/Indiyskoy_rakyetye_n.phtml

Индийской ракете не хватает российской ступени

текст: Иван Панин/Infox.ru

Трехступенчатая индийская ракета-носитель GSLV-D3 в апреле потерпела аварию из-за системы подачи топлива в криогенном разгонном блоке. Его впервые проверили в деле, заменив успешный российский аналог.

Индийская тяжелая ракета-носитель GSLV-D3 (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) в апреле этого года не смогла вывести на орбиту спутник из-за системы подачи топлива в криогенном разгонном блоке. Об этом говорится в сообщении Индийской организации космических исследований.

GSLV-D3 запустили 15 апреля для проверки криогенного разгонного блока собственной разработки. Ракета-носитель ранее использовалась с российской ступенью «12КРБ», теперь же индийцы попробовали сделать GSLV целиком. На разработку разгонного блока ушло около $80 млн.

Предстартовая подготовка прошла по нормальному графику. Запуск состоялся по плану, 293 секунды все системы функционировали штатно. После завершения работы первой и второй ступени высота, скорость, направление полета соответствовали расчетным данным. Телеметрическая информация поступала на Землю в полном объеме.

Криогенный разгонный блок включился нормально, заработали его основной и два управляющих двигателя. Проблема с заключительной ступенью возникла через 294,06 с после старта. Основной двигатель перестал получать один из компонентов топлива (жидкий водород) в должном объеме. Проблема с подачей топлива объясняется неполадками в ответственном за это насосе.

В течение года состоится следующее летное испытание ракеты-носителя с новым криогенным разгонным блоком. До тех пор индийцы вернутся к предыдущей схеме GSLV — с третьей ступенью российской разработки. Индийско-российская ракета еще будет использована минимум дважды.

[SpaceR]

Вроде как 12КРБ у индусов больше не осталось, есть только 2 шт. доработанных блоков 15КРБ с форсированным до 9 т движком и заправкой на 15 т топлива.

[Sаlyutman]

Вроде как 12КРБ у индусов больше не осталось, есть только 2 шт. доработанных блоков 15КРБ с форсированным до 9 т движком и заправкой на 15 т топлива.

Все РБ, поставляемые в Индию, имеют индекс 12КРБ.

[Salo]

Но движок то форсированный, не так ли?