Новости МКС

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2018/07/27/iss-daily-summary-report-7272018/

ISS Daily Summary Report – 7/27/2018

Micro-11:

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Today the crew performed the final two sessions for the Micro-11 investigation. They checked out, configured and calibrated the Micro-11 microscope, thawed samples removed fr om a General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator (GLACIER), fixed those samples and loaded them into the microscope for imaging. Afterwards, they ins erted the samples into a Minus Eighty Degree Celsius Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI). There are thirteen runs for the Micro-11 investigation. Micro-11 examines whether spaceflight alters human sperm, by tracking the swimming patterns of human and bull sperm during spaceflight. This investigation also assesses other aspects of sperm functionality related to male fertility. As a result, Micro-11 provides fundamental data indicating whether successful human reproduction beyond Earth is possible, and whether countermeasures are needed to protect sperm function in space.

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AngieX Cancer Therapy:

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The crew performed microscope and operations sessions for the AngieX Cancer Therapy investigation today. The AngieX Cancer Therapy investigation examines whether endothelial cells cultured in microgravity represent a valid in vitromodel to test effects of vascular-targeted agents on normal blood vessels. AngieX has developed a treatment that targets both tumor cells and vasculature, but needs a better model on which to test it. This study may facilitate development of a cost-effective method that does not require animal testing and which may help develop safer and more effective vascular-targeted drugs.

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Aerosol Samplers:

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Today the crew deployed Active Aerosol Samplers (AASs) in Nodes 2 and 3. The battery-powered AASs actively pull in air and collect particles using the principal of thermophoresis. This is accomplished by flowing the sampled air through a large thermal gradient in a narrow channel. During this process, particles are driven to the cold side of the channel, wh ere an electron microscope (EM) grid is held in place by a tiny magnet. When returned to Earth, these grids are easily removed and placed directly in an EM for analysis.

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Light Microscopy Module (LMM) Biophysics 4:

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Today a crewmember retrieved Biophysics 4 Plate 2 from the Fluids Integrated Rack (FIR) at the end of its science run. They inspected it and then placed it inside a Microgravity Experiment Research Locker / INcubator (MERLIN). Proteins are important biological molecules that can be crystallized to provide better views of their structure, which helps scientists understand how they work. Proteins crystallized in microgravity are often higher in quality than those grown on Earth. LMM Biophysics 4 examines the movement of single protein molecules in microgravity.

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MagVector 3D:

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The crew exchanged a MagVector 3D sample today. Twelve different samples will be processed on the ISS (1 per day). ESA's MagVector investigation supports a study of how Earth's magnetic field interacts with an electrical conductor. Using extremely sensitive magnetic sensors placed around and above a conductor, researchers can gain insight into ways that the magnetic field influences how conductors work. This research is expected to help improve future ISS experiments and electrical experiments, and could offer insights in to how magnetic fields influence electrical conductors in general

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Made in Space Fiber Optics (MSFO):

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The crew disconnected and removed the MSFO and stowed it for return.

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Plant Habitat-1:

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Today the crew cleaned the Plant Habitat facility. The final harvest of the plants was performed on Monday.

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Dragon Cargo Ops:

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Today the crew started work on the fourth SpaceX-15 Cargo Message as they continue to pack and load items slated for return on SpX-15. Specialists estimate the crew will require 10 hours to finish loading the vehicle prior to the planned departure date of 3 August.

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Eye Exams:

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This morning the crew completed routine eye exams using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). OCT is an imaging technique analogous to ultrasound imaging that uses light instead of sound to capture micrometer-resolution, two- and three-dimensional images of tissue; In this case, the objects of interest are the crewmember's eyes. Eye exams are performed regularly onboard in order to monitor eye health. Eyesight is one of the many aspects of the human body that is affected by long-duration stays in a microgravity environment.

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Waste and Hygiene Compartment (WHC) Pre-Treat Tank [E-K] Remove and Replace (R&R):

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Today the crew R&R'd the E-K tank as part of nominal WHC preventative maintenance. Each tank contains five liters of pre-treat solution, a mix of acid, chromium oxide, and water, used for toilet flushing and required for nominal WHC operation.

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Remote Power Controller Module (RPCM) N21A4A-C Remote Power Controller (RPC) 7 Trip:

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On June 30, the RPC feeding the Node 2 Port Aft Intermodule Ventilation (IMV) Valve tripped with indications of a true overcurrent. Today, this RPCM was loaded with the firmware version 07P1 update that enables additional data collection at 1 kHz frequency. RPC 7 was closed, and remained closed for 77 minutes before tripping open again. Review of the trip signature indicates the trip today is due to Overcurrent. Per agreement at the July17 Ops tagup, RPC 7 will remain open (closed command inhibited) and the crew will manually close the IMV valve if required in an emergency. Ground teams will investigate the latest signature and the path forward.

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Today's Planned Activities:
All activities are complete unless otherwise noted.

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• RADIOSKAF. Disconnecting Tanusha-SWSU No.3 nanosatellite from the charger.
• SPHERES Satellite Preparation
  

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2018/07/30/iss-daily-summary-report-7302018/

ISS Daily Summary Report – 7/30/2018

Micro-12:

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On Sunday, the crew activated all eighteen Micro-12 Group Activation Packs (GAPs) by mixing microbial media and inoculum. Then crew terminated one GAP by adding a microbial fixative to preserve the organism for subsequent ground-based characterization. Today the crew terminated additional GAPs. Micro-12 examines the effects of spaceflight on the physiology of an exoelectrogenic microorganism, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Exoelectrogenic microbes can pass electrons through their cell membranes, and so can be used in microbial fuel cells to make electricity fr om waste organic material. This investigation is expected to provide insight into how microgravity affects biological electron transport systems, and microbial fuel cell use in future space missions.

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Space Algae:

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On Sunday, the crew photographed the Space Algae culture bags in the Veggie facility and then removed and placed them in a stowage bag for return. They then shut down the Veggie facility. The Space Algae investigation explores the genetic basis for productivity of algae cultivated in space and whether this requires genetic adaptations or not. Algae may perceive microgravity as an abiotic stress, which can trigger production of high value compounds. Investigators plan whole genome sequencing of the space-grown algal populations to identify genes related to growth in spaceflight and testing of algal composition for production of high value compounds.

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NanoRacks Module-9:

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On Sunday, the crew activated designated mixture tubes for the fourth session of the NanoRacks Module-9 investigation. The experiments contained in these tubes support a variety of experiments sponsored by the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP) National Center for Earth and Space Science Education (NCESSE). The student-designed experiments address challenges of living and working in space. The program is also a key initiative for US science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education, educating and inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers to work on the space program. Findings from student experiments may contribute to future experiments that benefit the space program.

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Japanese Small Satellite Orbital Deployer 9 (J-SSOD#9):

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Today the crew brought the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) Airlock Slide Table into the JEM from the JEM Airlock and removed the Handhold Experiment Platform (HXP), which was used for the Exposed Experiment Handrail Attachment Mechanism (ExHAM) #1 investigation. They then installed a SSOD deployer on the Slide Table. The J-SSODs are used to launch small satellites from the JEM Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS). The crew also set up and photographed flags for Malaysia, Philippines and Bhutan on the deployer. The Slide Table was then retracted back into the JEMAL. J-SSOD#9 satellite deploys are planned for August 10th.

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Microgravity Investigation of Cement Solidification (MICS):

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Today the crew transferred a MICS ampoule kit to the ISS Portable Glovebag, broke the seal between the upper and center ampoules in each of the sample bags, and mixed the contents with a spatula.The MICS investigation supports the evaluation of microstructure and material properties of benchmark cement samples. Different responses to thermal and mechanical loading are expected and will be characterized in detail. Positive attributes found in the hardening process due to the microgravity environment aboard the ISS will be reported with the intent of improving Earth-based cement and concrete processing.

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Aerosol Samplers:

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Today the crew deployed Active Aerosol Samplers (AASs) in Nodes 1 and 3. The battery-powered AASs will actively pull in air and collect particles using the principal of thermophoresis. This is accomplished by flowing sampled air through a large thermal gradient in a narrow channel. During this process, particles are driven to the cold side of the channel, wh ere an electron microscope (EM) grid is held in place by a tiny magnet. When returned to Earth, these grids are easily removed and placed directly in an EM for analysis.

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Time Perception in Microgravity:

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The crew performed an experiment session for ESA's Time Perception in Microgravity investigation today. The accurate perception of objects in the environment is a prerequisite for spatial orientation and reliable performance of motor tasks. Time is fundamental to motion perception, sound localization, speech, and fine motor coordination. The Time Perception experiment quantifies the subjective changes in time perception in humans during and after long-duration exposure to microgravity.

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Meteor:

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Today the crew replaced the diffraction grating of the Meteor camera and adjusted its position relative to the Lab Windowwithin the Window Observational Research Facility (WORF). The Meteor payload is a visible spectroscopy instrument used to observe meteors in Earth orbit. Meteor uses image analysis to provide information on the physical and chemical properties of the meteoroid dust, such as size, density, and chemical composition. Since the parent comets or asteroids of most of the meteor showers are identified, the study of the meteoroid dust on orbit provides information about the parent comets and asteroids.

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AngieX Cancer Therapy:

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The crew performed microscope, sample and therapy operations for the AngieX Cancer Therapy investigation. The AngieX investigation examines whether endothelial cells cultured in microgravity represent a valid in vitro model to test effects of vascular-targeted agents on normal blood vessels. AngieX has developed a treatment that targets both tumor cells and vasculature, but needs a better model on which to test it. This study may facilitate development of a cost-effective method that does not require animal testing and which may help develop safer and more effective vascular-targeted drugs.

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Dragon Cargo Operations:

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Today the crew continued work on the fourth SpaceX-15 Cargo Message as they continue to pack and load items slated for return on SpX-15. Specialists estimate the crew will require up to 10 hours to finish loading the vehicle prior to the planned departure date of 3 August.

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Public Affairs Office (PAO) Event:

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Ricky Arnold participated in an Educational Event with NASA Interns from all NASA Centers. This event was a chance for interns to speak with a crew member on the ISS and make a lasting memory to add to their internship.

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Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) Maintenance:

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The crew performed periodic preventive maintenance on the ARED. They inspected the X-Rotation Dashpots, cycled the Main Arm through full range of motion, and greased ARED Vibration Isolation System (VIS) Rails, Rollers and Upper Stop. This quarterly maintenance is performed every 90 days.

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Today's Planned Activities:
All activities are complete unless otherwise noted.

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• RADIOSKAF. Set up nano-satellite Танюша-ЮЗГУ №4 for charging
• SPHERES Satellite Preparation
• INTER-MAI-75. Setup, config set-up and HAM Radio activation.
• INTER-MAI-75. Hardware deactivation
  

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2018/07/31/iss-daily-summary-report-7312018/

ISS Daily Summary Report – 7/31/2018

Aerosol Samplers:

Спойлер

Today the crew deployed Active Aerosol Samplers (AASs) in Nodes 1 and 3. The battery-powered AASs actively pull in air and collect particles using the principal of thermophoresis. This is accomplished by flowing the sampled air through a large thermal gradient in a narrow channel. During this process, particles are driven to the cold side of the channel, where an electron microscope (EM) grid is held in place by a tiny magnet. When returned to Earth, these grids are placed directly into an EM for analysis.

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Micro-12:

Спойлер

Today the crew terminated specific Micro-12 Group Activation Packs (GAPs) by adding a microbial fixative to preserve the organism for subsequent ground-based characterization. Micro-12 examines the effects of spaceflight on the physiology of an exoelectrogenic microorganism, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Exoelectrogenic microbes can pass electrons through their cell membranes, and so can be used in microbial fuel cells to make electricity from waste organic material. This investigation is expected to provide insight into how microgravity affects biological electron transport systems, and microbial fuel cell use in future space missions.

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Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) Zero Robotics:

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Today the crew will set up the SPHERES Zero Robotics hardware and will complete a test session. The SPHERES Zero Robotics investigation provides an opportunity for high school students to design research for the ISS. As part of a competition, students write algorithms for the SPHERES satellites to accomplish tasks relevant to future space missions. The algorithms are tested by the SPHERES team and the best designs are sel ected for the competition to operate the SPHERES satellites on board the ISS.

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Rodent Research-7 (RR-7):

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Today the crew restocked and cleaned the rodent habitats. They will also stowed fecal pellets and food bar/Habitat swabs in a Minus Eighty Degree Celsius Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI). The RR-7 investigation examines how the space environment affects the community of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of mice (also known as the microbiota). It also looks at microgravity's effects on multiple physiological systems known to be affected by the microbiota, including the gastrointestinal, immune, metabolic, circadian, and sleep systems. These studies should help explain mechanisms underlying interactions between these systems and the role of the microbiota in these interactions.

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Story Time From Space:

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A crewmember participated in the Story Time from Space project by reading from "American Girl: Luciana – Braving the Deep" while being videotaped and photographed. The recording will be downlinked and used for educational purposes. Story Time From Space combines science literacy outreach with simple demonstrations recorded onboard the ISS. Crewmembers read science, technology, engineering and mathematics-related children's books on orbit, and complete simple science concept experiments. Video and data collected during the demonstrations are downlinked to the ground and posted in a video library with accompanying educational materials.

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AngieX Cancer Therapy:

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The crew performed therapy operations for the AngieX Cancer Therapy investigation today. The AngieX investigation examines whether endothelial cells cultured in microgravity represent a valid in vitro model to test effects of vascular-targeted agents on normal blood vessels. AngieX has developed a treatment that targets both tumor cells and vasculature, but needs a better model on which to test it. This study may facilitate development of a cost-effective method that does not require animal testing and which may help develop safer and more effective vascular-targeted drugs.

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Chemical Gardens:

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Today the crew removed one Chemical Gardens 2 ampoule kit from a Cargo Transfer Bag, broke the seal between the two ampoules in each sample bag and mixed the contents of both. In the Chemical Gardens experiment, sel ected metal salts are added to an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), resulting in the formation of inorganic structures that resemble plant growth in a time span ranging fr om minutes to hours. On Earth, gravity-induced flow due to buoyancy differences between the reactants complicates our understanding of the physics behind these "chemical gardens". Conducting this experiment in the microgravity environment onboard the ISS removes the gravity effects, ensures diffusion-controlled growth, and allows researchers a better assessment of initiation and evolution of chemical gardens.

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Dragon Cargo Operations:

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Today the crew continued working on the fourth SpaceX-15 Cargo Message as they continued to pack and load items slated for return on SpX-15. The crew also started the installation of the fences and cribbing arms necessary to secure the degraded Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) Latching End Effector (LEE) hardware inside Dragon for return. Specialists estimate approximately 4.5 hours of cargo operations remain to finish loading the Dragon vehicle prior to the planned departure date of 3 August.

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Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) UHF Communication Unit (CUCU) Crew Command Panel (CCP) Checkout:

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In preparation for SpX-15 Dragon vehicle departure, currently planned for August 3rd, the crew will check out the CUCU and Dragon Crew Command Panel (CCP). The CUCU system provides a command and telemetry communications link between the ISS and Dragon vehicle during free flight operations while in close proximity of the ISS.

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Hardware Transfer Vehicle (HTV) On Board Training (OBT) ROBoT:

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Today the crew will perform self-study OBT using Robotics Onboard Trainer (ROBoT) in preparation for HTV approach and rendezvous. They will practice HTV approach and retreat monitoring as well as HTV capture using simulated Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) operations.

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Mobile Servicing System (MSS) Operations:

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Yesterday, the Robotics Ground Controllers powered up the Mobile Servicing System (MSS) and translated the Mobile Transporter (MT) fr om Worksite 4 (WS4) to WS6. The Ground Control team is currently walking off the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) off the Node2 Power Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) onto Mobile Base System (MBS) PDGF4. Finally, the Robotics Ground Controllers will maneuver the SSRMS as required to survey the Latching End Effector A (LEE-A) Snare Cables using the P1 Lower Outboard (LOOB) External High Definition Camera (EHDC) and then perform LEE-A diagnostics.

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Today's Planned Activities:
All activities are complete unless otherwise noted.

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• SPHERES Test Setup
• SPHERES Test Run
• SPHERES Test Shutdown
• INTER-MAI-75. HAM Radio Hardware Activation
• INTER-MAI-75. Closeout
  

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2018/08/01/dragon-packing-eye-science-and-spacewalk-preps-today/

Dragon Packing, Eye Science and Spacewalk Preps Today

Mark Garcia
Posted Aug 1, 2018 at 12:48 pm


Astronaut Alexander Gerst practices cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as cosmonaut Sergey Prokopev looks on during an emergency training session aboard the International Space Station.

The Expedition 56 crew has nearly completed loading the SpaceX Dragon resupply ship with cargo for retrieval back on Earth this Friday. The orbital residents are also busy with an intense day of space research and Russian spacewalk preparations.

Dragon is due to be released Friday at 12:37 p.m. EDT from the International Space Station carrying several tons of experiment results and orbital lab hardware. The crew has been packing the crucial research samples this week inside specialized, portable freezers onboard the commercial space freighter.

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SpaceX technicians will pick up Dragon with its precious cargo after it splashes down in the Pacific Ocean and return to shore in southern California. Scientists and engineers will then begin the process of analyzing the critical space science and refurbishing station hardware.

Astronauts Serena Auñón-Chancellor and Alexander Gerst spent Wednesday morning helping doctors understand how living in space impacts the human eye. They are exploring the hypothesis that upward fluid shifts in the body caused by microgravity increases pressure on the brain possibly pushing against the eyes. This may affect the shape of the eye and permanently affect vision.

Cosmonauts Oleg Artemyev and Sergey Prokopyev are getting ready for a spacewalk on Aug. 15. The duo reviewed the translation paths to their work sites on the outside of the station's Russian segment. During the near seven-hour excursion, the spacewalkers will hand-deploy four tiny satellites, install antennas and cables on the Zvezda service module and collect exposed science experiments.

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Проверка зрения в невесомости.

Пресс-Центр РКК Энергия

Опубликовано: 1 авг. 2018 г.

Оказывается, невесомость влияет на остроту зрения. Иногда космонавты отмечают ухудшение зрения во время длительных космических полётов.
В этом видеоролике Пресс-Центра РКК "Энергия" космонавты Олег Артемьев и Антон Шкаплеров проверяют зрение на орбите в условиях невесомости.
Все эти эксперименты проводятся в рамках программы долгосрочных космических полётов, в том числе и будущих экспедиций на Луну и Марс.

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Tiny Organisms, Big Impact

NASA Johnson

Опубликовано: 1 авг. 2018 г.

Trillions of microorganisms live on and in the human body, many of them essential to its function and health. These organisms, collectively known as the microbiota, outnumber cells in the body by at least five times.

Microorganisms in the intestinal tract, the gut microbiota, play an especially important role in human health. An investigation on the International Space Station, Rodent Research-7 (RR-7), examines how the gut microbiota changes in response to spaceflight, and how that change in turn affects the immune system, metabolic system, and circadian or daily rhythms.

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30 июля была проведена предварительная подготовка к запуску микроспутников механизмом выпуска малых спутников (J - SSOD). Работа будет продолжена 3 августа.
Планируемая дата запуска - 10 августа.

JAXAウェブ‏Подлинная учетная запись @JAXA_jp 1 авг.

「きぼう」の利用状況と今後の予定 小型衛星放出機構（J-SSOD）による、超小型衛星の放出に向けた準備作業を7月30日に行いました。8月3日にも行う予定です。 放出の予定は8月10日です。 詳細はhttps://bit.ly/2mZFf9C  #ISS #JSSOD #JAXA

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https://ria.ru/space/20180802/1525795603.html

В NASA оценили расходы на вывод МКС с орбиты
10:25 02.08.2018 (обновлено: 11:19 02.08.2018)

МОСКВА, 2 авг — РИА Новости. Сведение Международной космической станции (МКС) с орбиты потребует 950 миллионов долларов и двух лет работ, говорится в отчете офиса генерального инспектора NASA, опубликованном на сайте агентства.

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Сборка МКС началась в 1998 году. Первоначально планировалось, что станция прекратит работу в 2020 году, но ее эксплуатацию продлили до 2024 года. Сейчас обсуждается возможность продления работы еще на четыре года. Основными партнерами по МКС выступают Россия, США, Европа, Япония и Канада.

В отчете описывается, что перед сведением станции с орбиты экипаж должен будет покинуть ее, а сама операция будет проводиться в автоматическом режиме российским Центром управления полетами.

По оценкам NASA, около 16 процентов массы станции (на сегодняшний день она ориентировочно составляет 417 тонн) выдержит вход в атмосферу и достигнет поверхности Земли. Речь идет о падении от 24,3 до 78,6 тонн (от 53,5 тысячи до 173,25 тысячи фунтов в американской мере весов) мусора.

Как отмечают авторы отчета, задача при сведении станции с орбиты состоит в том, чтобы уложить все обломки в незаселенной южной части Тихого океана. "Предполагается, что воздействие на окружающую среду будет незначительным, поскольку любые токсичные жидкости или материалы, как ожидается, сгорят во время входа в атмосферу", — говорится в документе.

При этом, считают авторы, обломки будут иметь достаточную кинетическую энергию, чтобы нанести ущерб людям, постройкам или морским судам.

В отчете также указывается, что пока нет утвержденного и согласованного плана сведения МКС с орбиты. План, составленный NASA в январе 2017 года, сейчас находится на согласовании в "Роскосмосе". При этом само NASA продолжает работать над различными техническими деталями такой операции.

По данным оператора российского сегмента МКС — Ракетно-космической корпорации "Энергия" — на конец 2016 года общая стоимость создания и поддержания работоспособности станции оценивалась в 121,6 миллиарда долларов. Из них вклад США составил 81,8 миллиарда, России — 9,3 миллиарда, Европы — 12,9 миллиарда, Японии — 14,8 миллиарда и Канады — 2,8 миллиарда долларов.

Ранее РКК "Энергия" предлагала построить транспортный корабль повышенной грузоподъемности на базе "Прогресс МС", который можно было бы использовать для сведения МКС с орбиты. Однако, как сообщалось, проект заморозили.

На случай ЧП

Помимо планового сведения с орбиты по завершении эксплуатации, NASA рассматривает и сценарии затопления МКС в случае ЧП на орбите. Основными причинами, которые могут привести к такой ситуации и немедленной эвакуации экипажа, американские специалисты называют разгерметизацию из-за удара метеорита или космического мусора (вероятность 1 к 120), пожара (1 к 46 тысячам) или выделения во внутренний объем станции токсичного аммиака (1 на 5,6 миллиона).

В случае разгерметизации у руководства полетом будет только 180 суток на затопление станции. Именно на такой срок работы в разгерметизированном объеме рассчитана авионика в российском сегменте МКС, откуда ведется управление двигателями.

В документе утверждается, что у NASA нет на случай ЧП четкого плана действий, который предполагал бы безопасное затопление МКС в океане. Кроме того, на такой маневр потребуется больше топлива, чем запасено на станции, а значит, на безжизненную станцию придется отправлять несколько грузовых кораблей с топливом и все это время поддерживать ее орбиту.

Кроме того, из-за сокращения количества запусков российских грузовиков "Прогресс" после 2021 года может возникнуть проблема с доставкой топлива на МКС. "Без альтернативы у NASA есть риск получить недостаток ракетного топлива для гарантированного и контролируемого сведения станции в экстренной ситуации", — говорится в отчете.

Поэтому в июле NASA провело тестовую коррекцию орбиты МКС с помощью американского частного грузового корабля Cygnus, чтобы протестировать саму возможность использования какой-то другой космической техники, кроме "Прогрессов".

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https://ria.ru/science/20180802/1525801064.html

Коммерческие структуры пока не способны содержать МКС, заявили в НАСА
11:22 02.08.2018

МОСКВА, 2 авг — РИА Новости. Коммерческие компании не имеют достаточных средств для эксплуатации Международной космической станции и текущие планы НАСА по этому вопросу малоосуществимы, говорится в аудиторском отчете офиса генерального инспектора НАСА, опубликованном на сайте агентства.

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"Мы признаем, что планируемые агентством усилия находятся на ранней стадии, и мы подтверждаем наши выводы, что это будет трудно для НАСА способствовать коммерческим интересам в управлении станцией, учитывая высокие расходы на ее содержание в 1,2 миллиарда долларов США. Для этого потребуется достаточный "бизнес кейс", благодаря которому коммерческие компании смогут развивать самостоятельный и прибыльный бизнес, независимый от федерального бюджета. На данный момент мы нашли мало примеров того, что частные компании готовы взять на себя такие высокие расходы", — говорится в документе.

В отчете указано, что НАСА тратит ежегодно на поддержание работы МКС по 3-4 миллиарда долларов США, что составляет половину бюджета агентства на пилотируемые программы.

Ранее власти США поручили НАСА после 2025 года прекратить бюджетное финансирование МКС и передать финансирование МКС частным компаниям. Составленный НАСА график такого перехода вызвал, как отмечается в документе, "яростное противодействие конгресса".

"В частности, мы задаемся вопросами о том, существуют ли достаточное экономическое обоснование, при котором частные компании смогут развивать самоокупаемый и прибыльный бизнес независимо от значительного федерального финансирования в течение следующих шести лет", — говорится в отчете.

Генеральный инспектор НАСА отмечает, что проведенная аудиторская проверка планов НАСА ставит под сомнение планы агентства по увеличению коммерческой активности на околоземной орбите.

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О своем желании приватизировать американский сегмент ранее заявляла компания Boeing. В след за ней о своем желании взять в концессию российский сегмент станции объявила российская компания S7 Space, владеющая комплексом "Морской старт".

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2018/08/01/iss-daily-summary-report-8012018/

ISS Daily Summary Report – 8/01/2018

Fluid Shifts:

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A 55S crewmember performed their Fluid Shifts Dilution Measurements activities today. They collected saliva, blood and urine at multiple points during the day and ins erted them into a Minus Eighty Degree Celsius Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI). Fluid Shifts is a joint NASA-Russian experiment divided into Dilution Measurements, Baseline Imaging, and Baseline Imaging with Chibis (Lower Body Negative Pressure). The Fluid Shifts experiment investigates the causes for severe and lasting physical changes to astronaut's eyes. Because the headward fluid shift is a hypothesized contributor to these changes, reversing this fluid shift with a lower body negative pressure device is being evaluated as a possible intervention. Results fr om this study may help to develop preventative measures against lasting changes in vision and to prevention of eye damage.

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Micro-12:

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Today the crew terminated specific Micro-12 Group Activation Packs (GAPs) by adding a microbial fixative to preserve the organisms for subsequent ground-based characterization. Micro-12 examines the effects of spaceflight on the physiology of an exoelectrogenic microorganism, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Exoelectrogenic microbes can pass electrons through their cell membranes, and so can be used in microbial fuel cells to make electricity from waste organic material. This investigation is expected to provide insight into how microgravity affects biological electron transport systems, and microbial fuel cell use in future space missions.

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Aerosol Samplers:

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Today the crew removed cartridges from Aerosol Samplers (AASs) in Nodes 1 and 3 and then removed and stowed all active and passive samplers. The active battery-powered AASs actively pull in air and collect particles using the principal of thermophoresis. This is accomplished by flowing the sampled air through a large thermal gradient in a narrow channel. During this process, particles are driven to the cold side of the channel, wh ere an electron microscope (EM) grid is held in place by a tiny magnet. When returned to Earth, these grids are placed directly into an EM for analysis.

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TangoLab-2:

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The crew removed three cards and the experiment cubes they contain from the TangoLab-2 facility today. TangoLab-2 is a reconfigurable general research facilities designed for microgravity research and development and pilot manufacturing in the ISS.

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Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) 11:

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Today the crew removed the CASIS PCG 11 hardware from a Microgravity Experiment Research Locker / INcubator (MERLIN), deactivated each of the cells on a Handheld High Density Protein Crystal Growth (HDPCG) unit, and then inserted the hardware in to a MELFI. CASIS PCG 11 produces acetylcholinesterase crystals, a neurotransmitter enzyme. Crystals grown in microgravity are larger, of higher quality and can be used for a technique called macromolecular neutron crystallography to locate hydrogen atoms in the crystal's structure. These hydrogen atoms play critical roles in the enzyme's function and knowing their location clarifies the protein's structure and function. This research advances the development of better antidotes to fatal organophosphate nerve agents, which act by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system.

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NanoRacks Module-9:

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The crew activated designated mixture tubes for the fifth session of the NanoRacks Module-9 investigation today. The experiments contained in these tubes support a variety of experiments sponsored by the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP) National Center for Earth and Space Science Education (NCESSE). The student-designed experiments address challenges of living and working in space. The program is also a key initiative for US science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education, educating and inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers to work on the space program. Findings from student experiments may contribute to future experiments that benefit the space program.

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Advanced Combustion via Microgravity Experiments (ACME):

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The crew opened the Combustion Integration Rack (CIR) and replaced one of the ACME controllers. The ACME experiment series being performed in the CIR includes five independent studies of gaseous flames. The primary goals of ACME are to improve fuel efficiency and reduce pollutant production in routine fuel combustion activities on Earth. Its secondary goal is to improve spacecraft fire prevention through innovative research focused on materials flammability.

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Lighting Effects:

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The crew obtained light meter readings in designated ISS locations today. The Lighting Effects investigation studies the impact of the change from fluorescent light bulbs to solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with adjustable intensity and color. The investigation aims to determine if the new lights can improve crew circadian rhythms, sleep, and cognitive performance.

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Biomolecule Extraction and Sequencing Technology (BEST):

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Today the crew swabbed designated surfaces to collect samples and stowed them in a MELFI. The BEST investigation studies the use of sequencing for the identification of unknown microbial organisms living on the ISS, and how humans, plants and microbes adapt to living on the ISS.

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Starboard Solar Array Imagery:

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Today the crew conducted a photo-survey of the starboard solar array masts and the non-cell side (amber side) of the solar array blankets. Periodic solar array photo surveys are used to quantify any potential damage from Micrometeoroid/Orbital Debris (MMOD) impacts and are a bi-yearly maintenance requirement.

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Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Tether Inspection:

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Today the crew inspected for damage on USOS equipment tethers, and tools with integral tethers, needed during the upcoming Russian EVA 45 on 15 August. Prior to EVA use, soft goods on each Safety Tether, Waist Tether, and D-Ring Extender must be checked for Micrometeoroid/Orbital Debris (MMOD) damage, broken tack stitches, and fraying prior to clearing them for EVA use.

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Dragon Cargo Operations:

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Today the crew finished the last tasks on SpaceX-15 Cargo Message #4, including installation of the LEE Fence Hardware, as they continued to pack and load items slated for return on Dragon. Today's activities were required before the tomorrow's activity to install the degraded Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) Latching End Effector (LEE) in Dragon. Current weather forecasts are a GO for Dragon departure on 3 August.

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Mobile Servicing System (MSS) Operations:

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Yesterday and overnight, the Robotics Ground Controllers walked the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) off onto Mobile Base System (MBS) Power Data Grapple Fixture (PDGF) 3. The SSRMS was then maneuvered as required to perform the Latching End Effector B (LEE-B) Snare Cables survey before a walk-off from MBS PDGF3 to N2 allowed for controllers to grapple the Dragon vehicle in preparation for Friday's release.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2018/08/02/station-teams-are-go-for-dragons-return-to-earth-friday/

Station Teams Are Go For Dragon's Return To Earth Friday

Mark Garcia
Posted Aug 2, 2018 at 10:57 am


The SpaceX Dragon resupply ship, on its 15th Commercial Resupply Services mission (CRS-15), is pictured the day after it was captured and installed on the Harmony module. The orbital complex was flying over northern central China near the Mongolian border at the time this photograph was taken.

The International Space Station Partners and mission managers polled "go" for tomorrow's release of the SpaceX Dragon cargo craft for its deorbit and splashdown in the Pacific Ocean to wrap up the CRS-15 mission.

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With favorable weather conditions forecast in the splashdown zone, Dragon's hatch will be closed early Friday around 3 a.m. Central time. Robotic ground controllers will then use the Canadarm2 robotic arm to detach Dragon from the Earth-facing port of the Harmony module around 5:30 a.m. Central time and will maneuver Dragon into the release position.

With Expedition 56 Flight Engineer Serena Auñón-Chancellor of NASA monitoring Dragon's systems, the ground controllers will release Dragon from Canadarm2 at 11:37 a.m. Central time. After its release, Dragon will conduct a series of "departure" burns to move to a safe distance away from the station.

Several hours later, at 4:23 p.m. Central time, SpaceX flight controllers at Hawthorne, California will command Dragon's engine to fire for 12 minutes and 53 seconds in the deorbit burn that will enable Dragon to slip out of orbit for its descent back to Earth.

Dragon's parachute-assisted splashdown is scheduled at 5:17 p.m. Central time, 3:17 p.m. Pacific time, about 410 miles southwest of Long Beach, California. It will take about two days for Dragon to be brought back to port for its cache of cargo and scientific experiments to be unloaded.

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https://ria.ru/space/20180802/1525851994.html

Dragon покинет МКС в пятницу
18:50 02.08.2018 (обновлено: 18:53 02.08.2018)


© NASA TV

ВАШИНГТОН, 2 авг – РИА Новости. Грузовой корабль Dragon компании SpaceX в пятницу покинет Международную космическую станцию (МКС), сообщили в НАСА.

Ориентировочно в 13.30 мск в пятницу корабль будет отстыкован от американского модуля "Грамония" (Harmony), но останется прикрепленным к механическому манипулятору Canadarm2 еще несколько часов.

На сегодняшний день Dragon является единственным космическим кораблем, который способен доставлять грузы с МКС на Землю. Его приводнение в Тихом океане в районе побережья Калифорнии ожидают в субботу в 01.17 мск. Для Dragon это 15 грузовая миссия к МКС по контракту с НАСА. Корабль прибыл на орбиту 2 июля с 2,676 тонны груза: предметами первой необходимости, материалами для научных экспериментов.

SpaceX отрабатывает технологию многоразового использования космических аппаратов, на регулярной основе запуская в повторный полет первую ступень ракеты-носителя Falcon 9, а также повторно используя капсулу грузового корабля Dragon. Возвращающийся на Землю аппарат уже бывал на МКС в 2016 году.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2018/08/02/dragon-ready-for-return-ahead-of-commercial-crew-announcement/

Dragon Ready for Return Ahead of Commercial Crew Announcement

Mark Garcia
Posted Aug 2, 2018 at 1:42 pm


The SpaceX Dragon cargo craft is pictured attached to the International Space Station's Harmony module framed on the left by the Canadarm2 robotic arm and a pair of the station's main solar arrays.

The SpaceX Dragon cargo craft is packed with science and hardware ready for return to Earth on Friday. NASA is also introducing a team of astronauts who will soon fly Boeing and SpaceX vehicles to the International Space Station.

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The Expedition 56 crew has finished loading Dragon with sensitive research results and station gear for analysis and refurbishment back on Earth. Space station officials from around the world gave the "go" on Thursday for Dragon's release from the orbital complex.

Mission controllers, with astronaut Serena Auñón-Chancellor monitoring, will command the Canadarm2 robotic arm to release Dragon at 12:37 p.m. EDT Friday. Splashdown in the Pacific Ocean will occur less than six hours later under a trio of huge parachutes off the coast of Baja California.

NASA will introduce Friday at 11 a.m. on NASA TV new astronauts assigned to spaceflights launching from the United States for the first time since July 8, 2011. NASA's Commercial Crew Program is partnering with Boeing and SpaceX to launch humans on U.S.-built spaceships from Kennedy Space Center on test flights to the space station.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2018/08/02/nasas-commercial-crew-program-target-test-flight-dates-3/

NASA's Commercial Crew Program Target Test Flight Dates

Stephanie Martin
Posted Aug 2, 2018 at 2:00 pm

The next generation of American spacecraft and rockets that will launch astronauts to the International Space Station are nearing the final stages of development and evaluation. NASA's Commercial Crew Program will return human spaceflight launches to U.S. soil, providing safe, reliable and cost-effective access to low-Earth orbit on systems that meet our safety and mission requirements. To meet NASA's requirements, the commercial providers must demonstrate that their systems are ready to begin regular flights to the space station. Two of those demonstrations are uncrewed flight tests, known as Orbital Flight Test for Boeing, and Demo-1 for SpaceX. After the uncrewed flight tests, both companies will execute a flight test with crew prior to being certified by NASA for crew rotation missions. The following schedule reflects the most recent publicly releasable dates for both providers.

Targeted Test Flight Dates:
Boeing Orbital Flight Test (uncrewed): late 2018 / early 2019
Boeing Crew Flight Test (crewed): mid-2019
SpaceX Demo-1 (uncrewed): November 2018
SpaceX Demo-2 (crewed): April 2019

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Expedition 56 Education Interview with Wallops Flight Facility - August 2, 2018

NASA Video

Опубликовано: 2 авг. 2018 г.

(29:00)

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Alexander Gerst‏Подлинная учетная запись @Astro_Alex 5 ч. назад

What looks like the preparation for a bank robbery is actually training for emergencies like a fire or a toxic atmosphere. Living on a space station requires staying vigilant at all times. #Horizons

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https://www.nasa.gov/feature/us-cargo-ship-to-depart-international-space-station-with-critical-scientific-research

Aug. 1, 2018

U.S. Cargo Ship to Depart International Space Station with Critical Scientific Research

After delivering more than 5,900 pounds of science and supplies, a SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft will depart the International Space Station on Friday, Aug. 3 at 12:37 p.m. EDT and splash down in the Pacific Ocean about 6:17 p.m.

Ground controllers will use the space station's Canadarm2 robotic arm to detach Dragon from the Earth-facing side of the station's Harmony module and maneuver the vehicle into its release position. Expedition 54 Flight Engineer Serena Auñon-Chancellor of NASA will monitor its departure as the spacecraft is released through ground-controlled commands.

Dragon's thrusters will fire to move the spacecraft a safe distance from the station before SpaceX flight controllers in Hawthorne, California, command its deorbit burn. The SpaceX recovery team will retrieve Dragon and more than 3,800 pounds of cargo. This will include science samples from human and animal research, biology and biotechnology studies, physical science investigations and education activities.

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The Space Algae investigation sequenced the entire genome of an algae population grown in space to identify genes related to growth. Algae may perceive microgravity as physical rather than biological stress, which can trigger production of oils that may help mitigate the harmful effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation during spaceflight, consume waste carbon dioxide, and provide basic human nutrition.

A cellular biology investigation (Micro-12) aims to understand how microgravity affects the growth, gene expression and the ability of a model bacterium to transfer electrons through its cell membrane along bacterial nanowires it produces. Such bacteria could be used in fuel cells to make electricity from waste organic material.

Endothelial Cells in Microgravity as a Model System for Evaluation of Cancer Therapy Toxicity (Angiex Cancer Therapy) examines whether endothelial cells cultured in microgravity represent a valid model to test effects of vascular-targeted agents on normal blood vessels. Endothelial cells are the tissue that form a single layer of cells lining blood vessels and the heart, and all other organs. Angiex was developed as a potential treatment that targets tumor cells, but a better model is needed for future testing. The study may facilitate a cost-effective method that avoids animal testing and can develop safer and more effective drugs to combat circulatory diseases.

Dragon will also be returning a Latching End Effector that was removed from the station's robotic arm to be refurbished on Earth and returned to the orbiting complex as a spare.

NASA and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS), the nonprofit organization that manages research aboard the U.S. national laboratory portion of the space station, will receive time-sensitive samples and begin working with researchers to process and distribute them within 48 hours of splashdown.

Dragon, the only space station resupply spacecraft currently able to return to Earth intact, launched June 29 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, and arrived at the station July 2, for the company's 15th NASA-contracted commercial resupply mission to the station.

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Last Updated: Aug. 2, 2018
Editor: Mark Garcia

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Погрузка LEE в Дракон

Kristen Facciol‏ @kfacciol 16 ч. назад

What a view! Thanks to @Astro_Feustel and @astro_ricky for taking good care of our hardware! They are currently preparing one of the #Canadarm2 end effectors we replaced earlier this year to be sent down on @SpaceX's #Dragon vehicle tomorrow. Godspeed little guy! @csa_asc

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Состояние Дракона

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на 17:15 ДМВ