SPaDEx Chaser, SPaDEx Target, POEM-4 – PSLV-C60 CA – Шрихарикота FLP – 30.12.2024 16:30 UTC

[zandr]

20 декабря - SPaDEx Chaser, SPaDEx Target - PSLV-C61 CA - Шрихарикота FLP

Пара спутников для отработки автоматической стыковки на орбите.

[zandr]

Ранее

Спойлер

Chethan Kumar@Chethan_Dash 7:10 AM - Feb 19, 2020

EXCLUSIVE: Later this year, @isro will "split-up and unite" a satellite in Space. This #space docking experiment will be key to India's proposed space station, human missions beyond LEO. Pics of first model of space station in thread.

Full Story Here: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-split-up-unite-a-satellite-in-space-this-year/articleshow/74201580.cms ...

https://video.twimg.com/ext_tw_video/1229981520804212736/pu/vid/640x352/ZwDQykw_OBCFvI0_.mp4 (0:35)


7:20 AM - Feb 19, 2020

As promised. Here's the first look at the model of the proposed space station India hopes to put in space.

Интервью К.Сивана - более подробно (1:07)

[свернуть]

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-split-up-unite-a-satellite-in-space-this-year/articleshow/74201580.cms

Isro to 'split up & unite' a satellite in space this year

Chethan Kumar | TNN | Updated: Feb 19, 2020, 13:25 IST

BENGALURU: Among things in Isro's pipeline this year, the space agency will be splitting up a satellite and then re-uniting it in space. This Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX) will be key in realising technologies for future human missions and the proposed space station.

While the technology Isro is aiming to eventually have is one that will allow it to transfer humans from one vehicle or spacecraft to another, the immediate goal is to enable refuelling of spacecraft to give them a longer life and also transfer other crucial systems to an existing spacecraft, by transporting another to space.

Confirming this to TOI, Isro chairman K Sivan, said: "The satellite we will launch will have two components. It will be separated into two pieces and then they will get docked into a single piece. This single unit will then function as a full-fledged satellite. This is a very crucial technology."

A successful SPADEX experiment will also give Isro data on space rendezvous technology — capabilities wherein two spacecraft can find each other and remain in the same orbit — advancements in which are critical if India wants to have its own space station built in the future.

"The space station is a long-term project. We are working on it, but the immediate focus is on big missions like Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1, Gaganyaan, and other satellite launches," Sivan said. The SPADEX project has so far received Rs 10 crore, but Isro will need more money in the future.

The challenges of the experiment would be that docking has to be automatic and many of the functions thereon will have to be robotic. There is also the challenge of managing the speeds of each of the crafts (or two units in this case) when they near each other and to then dock one vehicle in a manner that it doesn't crash or collide into each other.

The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) is working on rendezvous and docking. "To achieve docking during the final phase of the mission, the relative position and velocity of the target spacecraft and chaser spacecraft has to be brought to zero. To ensure proper alignment of the docking port, the relative angular orientation needs to be precisely aligned," an Isro document reads.

This technology will be a forerunner to future planetary missions including crew transfer, international participation et al, the document added.

"The satellite will be ready by mid-year but then we have a lot of tests to be done. The experimental launch may happen towards the end of this year," Sivan added.

Isro has already worked on several systems like signal analysis equipment, high-precision videometer for navigation, docking system electronics and real-time decision making for landing systems, all of which will be used in this experimental flight.

In Video: Isro to 'split up & unite' a satellite in space this year: K Sivan

[zandr]

Два года назад

https://twitter.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1575842366027862016

ISRO Spaceflight  @ISROSpaceflight
(1/3) Here's our first detailed look at the design of the docking mechanism being developed by ISRO! This will be used on the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDEx) currently scheduled to launch in Q3, 2024. #ISRO #SpaDEx


(2/3) As of now what we now about SpaDex is that it's gonna consist of two 200kg satellites - a target vehicle and a chaser vehicle. At launch they'll be stacked on top of each other held together by only the docking ports.


(3/3) After separation from launch vehicle both vehicles will undock and drift apart. Later the chaser vehicle will perform autonomous rendezvous and docking with the target vehicle.
The docking mechanism in itself appears to be highly inspired from NASA's IDSS used on the ISS.

[zandr]

https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-gears-up-for-space-handshake-spadex-private-firm-delivers-two-satellites-768653

ISRO gears up for 'Space handshake' SPADEX; private firm delivers two satellites
Chennai, IndiaWritten By: Sidharth MPUpdated: Oct 18, 2024, 03:50 PM IST
As part of this mission, these two satellites will be hurled into slightly different orbits by a single rocket.
Story highlights
Ananth Technologies Private Limited (ATL), completed the integration of two 400kg satellites for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and handed them over at ISROs UR Rao Satellite Centre(URSC), Bengaluru.
The Indian Space agency has taken possession of two 400kg satellites that are part of a crucial upcoming mission known as SPADEX – Space Docking Experiment. As part of this mission, these two satellites will be hurled into slightly different orbits by a single rocket.
Eventually, the satellites that are travelling at around 28,000 kmph will precisely align themselves in a manner where they can perform a 'space handshake' and dock (mechanically attach themselves) to form a single orbiting entity. This experiment gains significance as docking is a major enabler of future missions such as Chandrayaan-4 and Bharatiya Antariksha Space Station (the proposed Indian Space Station).
Ananth Technologies Private Limited (ATL), completed the integration of two 400kg satellites for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and handed them over at ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC), Bengaluru, the facility meant for designing and developing satellites.
ISRO always builds their satellites at the URSC, but this is the first time that ISRO is getting their satellites completely assembled, integrated and tested by the Indian private industry at a private facility. This shift is enabled by the space sector reforms that grant greater opportunities to the Indian private sector.

"We have been manufacturing electronic subsystems for ISRO since 2000 and have been an integral part of every Indian space mission over the last two decades," said Dr Subba Rao Pavuluri, chairman of ATL. The assembly, integration and testing of the satellites were done at our Bengaluru facility in a record three months, the ISRO scientist-turned-entrepreneur told WION.
SPADEX is a mission that is meant to demonstrate autonomous rendezvous and docking, the ability of two spacecraft to function as one unit, manoeuvre itself etc. Docking is a fundamental requirement for building and maintaining a space station.
Every time astronauts are launched to the space station, their capsule has to precisely dock with the space station, following which the crew and cargo can enter the space station.
SPADEX is crucial to India's ambitions as the country looks to assemble an Indian space station from 2028 onwards.
By scaling up the technologies demonstrated in SPADEX, it will be possible to robotically assemble the modules (large components) of the space station. India's Chandrayaan-4 mission to return Lunar samples will also involve autonomous docking while circling the moon.
Given that the satellites have been delivered to the URSC, they would soon be trucked to the Indian Spaceport at Sriharikota, from where they could be further tested, fuelled, and launched in the coming months.

[zandr]

https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=42851.msg2639796#msg2639796
Re: PSLV C61? : SPADEX : FLP :

At 1:30:57 ISRO's Chairman says the launch is planned by December 20th:
https://www.youtube.com/live/uOmOUjb65aA

Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.

[zandr]

Дата - вправо.

https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Dec/06/isro-may-test-space-docking-on-december-26

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is likely to conduct the much-awaited Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX) on December 26, sources said on Thursday. ISRO Chairman S Somanath, soon after the successful launch of European Space Agency's (ESA) Proba-3 mission on Thursday, said the next launch would be PSLV-C60 which will demonstrate SPADEX...

[zandr]

https://tass.ru/kosmos/22635253

Индия в декабре отправит в космос беспилотную миссию
НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 11 декабря. /ТАСС/. Индия до конца года отправит в космос беспилотную миссию в рамках подготовки к реализации программы пилотируемых космических полетов "Гаганьян". Об этом сообщил госминистр Джитендра Сингх, который курирует в индийском кабинете министров науку и технологии, а также атомную и космическую отрасли.

"Первая беспилотная миссия запланирована на конец 2024 года", - сказал он, добавив, что аналогичные миссии "намечены на третий квартал 2025 года и первый квартал 2026 года соответственно", - говорится в распространенном ответе госминистра, направленном в парламент.

По его словам, все двигательные системы пилотируемой ракеты-носителя доставлены на космодром Шрихарикота, система спасения экипажа для миссии также достигла стартового комплекса, а системы орбитального модуля находятся на завершающей стадии интеграции. Космонавты также завершили два из трех семестров индийского этапа своей подготовки. Первая пилотируемая миссия запланирована на четвертый квартал 2026 года...

[zandr]

ISRO Spaceflight  @ISROSpaceflight
#ISRO is set to launch their SPADEX mission on December 30 on PSLV-C60 at around 9:30 pm IST!! (based on NOTAM)

It will launch from the First Launch Pad at SHAR, as the Second Launch Pad will be busy with the Gaganyaan-G1 launch campaign starting next week!

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1870428296413958379

ISRO  @isro
PSLV-C60/SPADEX Update:

The launch vehicle has been integrated and now moved to the First Launch Pad, for further integration of satellites and launch preparations.
Stay tuned for updates on #PSLV-C60 and watch this space for exciting info on the upcoming PSLV-C60/SPADEX mission!

РН перевезена на СК-1 для сборки с ПН.

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1871134161160851838

ISRO  @isro
 PSLV-C60/SPADEX Mission Update
 Launch scheduled on 30th December 2024, 21:58 IST from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.
 Witness the launch live at the Launch View Gallery!
 Register here: https://lvg.shar.gov.in/VSCREGISTRATION/index.jsp
Registration starts: 23rd December 2024, 18:00 IST.

Пуск в тёмное время суток.
19:28 мск.

[zandr]

https://tass.ru/kosmos/22756917

Индия 30 декабря запустит два спутника для отработки их стыковки на орбите
НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 24 декабря. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) планирует 30 декабря запустить в космос два спутника для отработки их стыковки на орбите.

"Запуск запланирован на 30 декабря 2024 года в 21:58 (19:28 мск - прим. ТАСС) с космодрома в Шрихарикоте", - говорится в сообщении ISRO в Х.

Используя ракету PSLV-C60, ISRO выведет два спутника Chaser и Target на высоту 470 км для демонстрации технологии космической стыковки. Основная цель - разработать и протестировать системы, необходимые для сближения, стыковки и расстыковки двух космических аппаратов. Миссия также включает эксперименты с микрогравитацией.

Как указывают в организации, миссия, получившая название SpaDEX, представляет собой ключевой шаг для подготовки к созданию в будущем индийской космической станции и миссий на Луну. "Миссия SpaDEX имеет решающее значение для амбиций Индии в исследовании космоса", - сказал журналистам представитель ISRO. "Она делает Индию четвертой страной в мире, которая достигла передовых технологий стыковки", - добавил он...

[zandr]

https://x.com/nkknspace/status/1872311196940193814

Karthik Naren (கார்த்திகேயன்)  @nkknspace
Orbital launch no.259 of 2024
India's  5th launch.
#ISRO launching SpaDeX mission onboard the PSLV-CA #PSLVc60   from Sriharikota.
#SpaDeX Demonstrating in-space docking technology with 2, the POEM-4 (ps4) stage Hosting 24 passive research payloads.

[zandr]

https://x.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1872635044331999431

ISRO Spaceflight  @ISROSpaceflight  ·  Dec 27
We are only 3 days away from the launch of ISRO's SpaDeX mission on PSLV-C60!!
In this mission, ISRO will attempt to dock two spacecrafts in orbit for the first time!
Docking requires a complex and precise set of maneuvers to gradually bring the spacecrafts closer to one another, cancel out their relative velocities, and mechanically secure them together.
Successfully demonstrating this capability will be an extremely important milestone toward the Chandrayaan-4 Lunar Sample Return mission and the construction of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station.
Check out our graphic to learn more about the sequence of steps leading up to the moment of docking

[zandr]

https://x.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1872902598929596493

ISRO Spaceflight  @ISROSpaceflight
The Mobile Service Tower has been retracted by ISRO, and PSLV-C60 is now standing tall on the First Launch Pad ahead of its launch on day after tomorrow!

РКН в сборе.

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1873217657811742859

ISRO  @isro
 T-1 Day to Liftoff!
 PSLV-C60 is ready to launch SpaDeX and 24 innovative payloads into orbit.
 Liftoff: 30 Dec, 9:58 PM (21:58 hours)
 Watch live: https://youtube.com/live/_OBGAiJrjJU
        (from 21:30 hours)
 More info: https://isro.gov.in/mission_SpaDeX.html

[zandr]

По нижней ссылке

PSLV C60/SPADEX Mission is scheduled on 30th December 2024 at 21:58 hrs IST from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota
Registration for the public for witnessing the launch from Launch View Gallery at SDSC SHAR starts on 23-12-2024 at 18.00 Hrs. Register here

December 21, 2024

SpaDeX mission is a cost-effective technology demonstrator mission for the demonstration of in-space docking using two small spacecraft launched by PSLV. This technology is essential for India's space ambitions such as Indian on Moon, sample return from the Moon, the building and operation of Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), etc. In-space docking technology is essential when multiple rocket launches are required to achieve common mission objectives. Through this mission, India is marching towards becoming the fourth country in the world to have space docking technology.

More Details

SpaDeX MissionPOEM-4 Payload
Brochure PDF - 8.4 MB
Launch Streaming
Vehicle movement from PIF to MST time lapse video
Gallery
Objectives:

Спойлер

The primary objective of the SpaDeX mission is to develop and demonstrate the technology needed for rendezvous, docking, and undocking of two small spacecraft (SDX01, which is the Chaser, and SDX02, the Target, nominally) in a low-Earth circular orbit. Secondary objectives include:

• Demonstration of the transfer of electric power between the docked spacecraft, which is essential for future applications such as in-space robotics,
• Composite spacecraft control, and
• Payload operations after undocking.

Mission Concept:

The SpaDeX mission consists of two small spacecraft (about 220 kg each) to be launched by PSLV-C60, independently and simultaneously, into a 470 km circular orbit at 55° inclination, with a local time cycle of about 66 days. The demonstrated precision of the PSLV vehicle will be utilized to give a small relative velocity between the Target and Chaser spacecraft at the time of separation from the launch vehicle. This incremental velocity will allow the Target spacecraft to build a 10-20 km inter-satellite separation with respect to the Chaser within a day. At this point, the relative velocity between the Target will be compensated using the propulsion system of the Target spacecraft.
At the end of this drift arrest maneuver, the Target and Chaser will be in the same orbit with identical velocity but separated by about 20 km, known as Far Rendezvous. With a similar strategy of introducing and then compensating for a small relative velocity between the two spacecraft, the Chaser will approach the Target with progressively reduced inter-satellite distances of 5 km, 1.5 km, 500 m, 225 m, 15 m, and 3 m, ultimately leading to the docking of the two spacecraft. After successful docking and rigidization, electrical power transfer between the two satellites will be demonstrated before undocking and separation of the two satellites to start the operation of their respective payloads for the expected mission life of up to two years.

New Technologies:

The indigenous technologies developed for enabling this docking mission are as follows:

• Docking mechanism,
• A suite of four rendezvous and docking sensors,
• Power transfer technology,
• Indigenous novel autonomous rendezvous and docking strategy,
• Inter-satellite communication link (ISL) for autonomous communication between spacecraft, incorporated with inbuilt intelligence to know the states of the other spacecraft,
• GNSS-based Novel Relative Orbit Determination and Propagation (RODP) processor to determine the relative position and velocity of the other spacecraft,
• Simulation test beds for both hardware and software design validation and testing.

In addition, SpaDeX, because of its small size and mass, is even more challenging due to the finer precision required for the rendezvous and docking maneuvers compared to docking two large spacecraft. This mission will be a forerunner for autonomous docking needed for future lunar missions like Chandrayaan-4 without the support of GNSS from Earth.

Docking Mechanism:

The docking mechanism is a low-impact docking system (approach velocity is in the order of 10 mm/s), androgynous (docking systems are identical for both spacecraft, Chaser & Target), and is a peripheral docking system (concept similar to the International Docking System Standard used by other agencies for human missions). The mechanism is smaller (450 mm) with one degree of freedom for extension and uses two motors compared to the IDSS (800 mm) on a hexapod with 24 motors. Multiple test beds were established to test the hardware and software simulation of the docking kinematics to verify and finalise the docking approach parameters.

Sensor Suite:

The additional sensor suite in this mission includes Laser Range Finder (LRF) and Corner Cube Retro Reflectors to work for a range of 6000 to 200 m for determining range (R). The set of Rendezvous Sensors (RS) is used in the range of 2000 to 250 m and from 250-10 m. RS provides the relative position (x, y, z) while LRF determines both relative position and velocity independently.
Proximity and Docking Sensor (PDS) provides relative position and velocity over a range of 30 m to 0.4 m. Laser Diodes (LDs) are used as targets for RS & PDS. A video monitor is used in the 20 to 0.5 m range and it will capture the video of the docking event. A Mechanism Entry Sensor (MES) is used from 8 cm to 4 cm to detect chaser entry into the target spacecraft during docking. Multiple test beds were used to calibrate and validate these sensors before accepting them for the mission.

ISL-Enabled GNSS-Based RODP:

Like all ISRO satellites in low-Earth orbit, both the SpaDeX spacecraft carry a differential GNSS-based Satellite Positioning System (SPS), which provides PNT (Position, Navigation, and Timing) solutions for the satellites. In SpaDeX, a novel RODP processor is included in the SPS receiver, which allows accurate determination of the relative position and velocity of the Chaser and the Target. By subtracting the carrier phase measurements from the same GNSS satellites in both Chaser and Target SPS receivers, highly accurate relative states of the two satellites are determined. The VHF/UHF transceivers in both satellites aid this process by transferring the GNSS satellite measurements from one satellite to the other. Hardware and software test beds, including closed-loop verifications, were carried out to characterise the RODP performance.

Rendezvous and Docking Algorithms:

Up to an inter-satellite distance (ISD) of 5 km, standard orbit maintenance and attitude control algorithms employed in ISRO LEO spacecraft are used. As the spacecraft are in circular orbit, and any addition or reduction of velocity to the satellites will result in orbit change, the V-bar strategy using n-Pulse, Glideslope and PV guidance algorithms are employed to reduce the ISD between the satellites, hold at fixed ISDs to evaluate the sensors and software, and finally docking. These algorithms were converted into software for achieving the rendezvous and docking. These software solutions were tested and validated in multiple digital, hardware-in-loop, onboard-in-loop, software-in-loop, and robotic simulations.

[свернуть]

Post-Docking Activities:

After the docking and undocking events, the spacecrafts will be separated and used for application missions.

• A High-Resolution Camera (HRC) with a 4.5 m IGFOV and a swath of 9.2 x 9.2 km (snapshot mode) and 9.2 x 4.6 km (video mode) from a 450 km altitude is mounted in SDX01. This is a miniature version of the surveillance camera developed by SAC/ISRO.
• A Miniature Multi-Spectral Payload (MMX) is mounted in SDX02, developed by SAC/ISRO. This has four VNIR bands (B1/B2/B3/B4) at 450 nm to 860 nm and a 25 m IGFOV with a swath of 100 km from a 450 km altitude. The imaging is useful for natural resource monitoring and vegetation studies.
• A Radiation Monitor (RadMon) payload is mounted in SDX02, which will measure radiation dose encountered in space. This will help in generation of a radiation database for future Total Ionization Dosimeter (TID) and Single Event Upset (SEU) measurements for space science studies, with applications in human spaceflight.

Spacecraft Development:

The SpaDeX spacecraft were designed and realized by the UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC) with the support of other ISRO centers (VSSC, LPSC, SAC, IISU, and LEOS). The spacecraft, in its orbital phase, will be controlled from ISTRAC using ISRO ground stations and other externally hired ground stations. The full integration and testing of the satellite were carried out at M/s Ananth Technologies, Bangalore, under the supervision of URSC. Presently, after completing all tests and clearances, the spacecraft has moved from URSC to SDSC and is undergoing preparations for launch.

Спойлер

[свернуть]

Click here for PSLV C60/SPADEX Image Gallery
Click here for PSLV C60/SPADEX Video Gallery

[zandr]

Из PDF - профиль миссии
Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OBGAiJrjJU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OBGAiJrjJU
PSLV-C60/SPADEX Mission
  ISRO Official

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1873576484381622478

ISRO  @isro
 Launch Day is Here!
Tonight at precisely 10:00:15 PM, PSLV-C60 with SpaDeX and innovative payloads are set for liftoff.
SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) is a pioneering mission to establish India's capability in orbital docking, a key technology for future human spaceflight and satellite servicing missions.
 Liftoff: 30 Dec, 10:00:15 PM
      (22:00:15 hours)
Stay tuned for updates!
 Watch live: https://youtube.com/live/_OBGAiJrjJU (from 21:30 hours)
...

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RxqSQMJnvo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RxqSQMJnvo 1:10
Launch of PSLV-C60/SPADEX Mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR), Sriharikota
  Doordarshan National
SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) is a pioneering mission to establish India's capability in orbital docking, a key technology for future human spaceflight and satellite servicing missions.

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OBGAiJrjJU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OBGAiJrjJU
PSLV-C60/SPADEX Mission
  ISRO Official

Трансляция идёт.

[zandr]

Т-20 мин.
Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.

[zandr]

Т-7 мин.
Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.

[zandr]

Пуск!
Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.

[zandr]

Отделение первой ступени
Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.

[zandr]

Отделение второй

[zandr]

Всё по плану

[zandr]

Отделение третьей

[zandr]

РБ в работе

[zandr]

Отделение В, отделение А

[zandr]

ISRO  @isro
 SpaDeX Deployed!
Successful separation of SpaDeX satellites marks another milestone in India's space journey.
 Watch live: https://youtube.com/live/_OBGAiJrjJU
 More info: https://isro.gov.in/mission_SpaDeX.html

Миссия РН по выведению успешна.

[zandr]

https://tass.ru/kosmos/22805199

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 30 декабря. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) запустила в космос два спутника для отработки их стыковки на орбите. Запуск состоялся с космодрома в Шрихарикоте и транслировался в прямом эфире.

"Успешное отделение спутников SpaDEX знаменует собой еще одну веху в космическом путешествии Индии", - говорится в сообщении ISRO, размещенном в X. Как указал на брифинге председатель ISRO Шридхара Соманатх, "миссия проходит очень хорошо". "Два спутника перемещаются один за другим, - сообщил он. - Мы надеемся, что процесс стыковки может произойти в течение следующей недели".

Используя ракету PSLV-C60, ISRO вывела в космос спутники Chaser и Target. Они размещены на орбите на расстоянии нескольких километров друг от друга. Теперь ученые в штаб-квартире ISRO попытаются сократить эту дистанцию до 3 м, что впоследствии приведет к их стыковке на высоте около 470 км над Землей...

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjDC58iBINQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjDC58iBINQ 1:19
SpaDeX deployment
  SciNews
ISRO's SpaDeX mission has successfully separated from the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) in the "CA" configuration (PSLV-CA) launched from the First Launch Pad (FLP) of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR), Sriharikota, India, on 30 December 2024, _{at 10:34 UTC (16:04 IST)}. According to ISRO, SpaDeX is a cost-effective technology demonstration of in-space docking using two small spacecraft (~220 kg each): SpaDeX-A (SDX01) and SpaDeX-B (SDX02). The mission will also test the fourth PS4-Orbital Experiment Module (POEM-4), using the spent fourth stage of the PSLV to carry out certain in-orbit microgravity experiments for an extended duration of up to three months.
Credit: Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO)

Что-то с временем напутали.

[zandr]

Три объекта, как и должно быть

2024-253A    62459   2024-253A    94.02   55.00   476   466   0.0007492
2024-253B    62460   2024-253B     94.02   55.00   476   466   0.0007573
2024-253C    62461   POEM-4        91.63   55.22   360   349   0.0008466

https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements
POEM понизил орбиту в два включения до околокруговой.

[zandr]

ISRO Spaceflight  @ISROSpaceflight
ISRO will telecast the docking of the SpaDeX satellites set to take place at 4 pm IST on 7 January, from ISTRAC Bengaluru, with live on board video!!

[zandr]

Что-то ПН модернизированной ступени POEM-4 выпала из внимания (

 https://vk.com/search?q=SPaDEx%20%20POEM-4&w=wall-106122233_133594

Индия сделала шаг к пилотируемой космонавтике — на орбиту запущены демонстраторы стыковки
Индия как может приближает день первого национального пилотируемого полёта в космос. Это должно произойти в 2026 году, а пока производятся испытания оборудования на промежуточных этапах. В частности, вчера Индия запустила на низкую орбиту ракету со спектром полезных нагрузок, важнейшими из которых стали два спутника с элементами стыковочных узлов для будущих пилотируемых кораблей и станции.
Ракета PSLV-C60 с полезными нагрузками SpaDeX и POEM-4 стартовала 30 декабря в 21:00 по местному времени с космодрома Сатиш Дхаван на полуострове Шрихарикот (19:30 мск). Полезная нагрузка SpaDeX была представлена двумя 220-кг спутниками с демонстраторами стыковочных узлов. Узлы оборудованы элементами для автоматической стыковки (лазерными дальномерами и уголковыми отражателями). Один из спутников будет мишенью, а второй будет маневрировать.
Ожидается, что стыковка будет произведена 7 января 2025 года. Оба аппарата выведены на целевую орбиту высотой 475 км с наклонением 55 градусов. Они развернут солнечные батареи и, в целом, созданы для работы как автономные платформы. После стыковки будет поставлен эксперимент по передаче питания с одного аппарата на другой. Затем они расстыкуются и продолжат выполнять миссии самостоятельно ещё примерно в течение двух лет.
Для агентства ISRO важно, чтобы этап сближения и автоматической стыковки прошли как можно глаже. В будущем эти узлы будут установлены на пилотируемые корабли, станцию и лунные аппараты агентства, ведь Индия движется к возврату образцов с Луны, а для этого возвращаемый и пускаемый модуль должны уметь стыковаться и расстыковываться.
Второй пакет полезной нагрузки — POEM-4 — также доставленный в космос минувшей ночью, содержал 14 нагрузок ISRO и других правительственных организаций Индии, а также 10 полезных коммерческих нагрузок. В число последних вошли роботизированный манипулятор, манипулятор для захвата мусора, модуль для выращивания растений в космосе и ряд других.

Спойлер

Интересно добавить, что до конца текущего года Индия также собиралась отправить в космос корабль с манекеном «космический друг». Для этого готовилась другая ракета, но пока об этом ничего не слышно. Ожидается, что в 2025 году будет совершён запуск корабля в беспилотном режиме, а в 2026 году Индия впервые отправит людей в космос на собственной ракете, что сделает её четвёртой страной в истории космонавтики, совершившей этот научный подвиг.

[свернуть]

[Брабонт]

Космосы-186 и -188 с ароматом сандалового дерева:
https://www.ixbt.com/news/2025/01/01/indija-zapustila-ambicioznuju-missiju-spadex-dlja-avtonomnoj-stykovki-v-kosmose.html

Но вот что эта тема делает в пилотажке?!

[zandr]

Вопрос, конечно, интересный! (с)
Что делают в пилотажке беспилотные корабли снабжения космических станций - не вопрос?
А первый полёт Старлайнера? Или беспилотный Союз?
Ну да - в них могут (в принципе) войти космонавты.
А если миссия снабжения всю ПН (дополнительные СБ, теоретически) привезёт на внешней подвеске - здесь или в прикладную?
А танкер?
А если танкер к ЛОС - в межпланетные?

Из второго поста этой темы:
"Этот эксперимент по космической стыковке (SPADEX) станет ключевым в реализации технологий для будущих пилотируемых миссий и предлагаемой космической станции." - ПМСМ, непосредственное отношение к разделу.

Спорные, переходные между разделами миссии будут случаться, и у возражающих всегда найдутся аргументы на перенос.
Чем дальше, тем мне понятнее позиция Старого: все пуски - в один раздел. Но ФНК слишком объёмен для такой пертурбации, а подвести черту и начать с завтра - более коряво, чем есть, ИМХО.

Сейчас же, либо разводить демократию, и открывать голосовалку по каждой спорной теме, либо - куда положил - там лежит.
Если только старшие товарищи (по опыту и званию) не решат перенести в другой раздел. Возражать не буду.
Если место сильно раздражает - жалуйтесь им.

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1875453759893205295

ISRO  @isro
Life sprouts in space!  VSSC's CROPS (Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies)  experiment onboard PSLV-C60 POEM-4 successfully sprouted cowpea seeds in 4 days. Leaves expected soon.
#ISRO #BiologyInSpace

На POEM-4 пророс горох...

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1875421219652301144

ISRO  @isro
#RRM_TD, India's first space robotic arm, is in action onboard #POEM4! A proud #MakeInIndia milestone in space robotics.
<видео>

Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.
На POEM-4 шевелится роборука.

[zandr]

https://x.com/ISROSight/status/1875480287490068751

ISRO InSight  @ISROSight
The inaugural space robotic arm of India, RRM-TD aka Walking Robotic Arm, is actively functioning on #POEM4!
This is a significant achievement for ISRO's upcoming project Bharatiya Antariksha Station (BAS).

·
Key Points: RRM-TD - Walking Robotic Arm
1. Overview:
• RRM-TD (Relocatable Robotic Manipulator-Technology Demonstrator), also known as the Walking Robotic Arm, is India's first space robotic manipulator with walking capability.
• Developed by IISU (ISRO Inertial Systems Unit).

2. Specifications:
• 7 Degrees of Freedom (DoF).
• Performs inch-worm walking for relocation on the POEM-4 platform.

3. Features:
• Large Workspace: Supports in-orbit servicing with robotic manipulators.
• Key Components:
• Indigenous robotic joints and arm  controllers.
• Grappling mechanism and standardized power/data adaptors.
• Cameras for eye-in-hand operation.
• Advanced Software: Obstacle-aware motion planning with safety features on a high-compute processor.

4. Applications:
• Demonstrates end-on-end walking and robotic arm operations in microgravity.
• Enables vision-based 6DoF pose estimation and visual inspection of space structures.
• Facilitates robotic manipulation via visual servoing and compliance control.
• Harness-free operations using power and data grappling fixtures.
• Tele-operation and Digital Twin integration.

5. Objective:
• Acts as a precursor for technologies to be used in the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).

[zandr]

https://x.com/ISROSight/status/1875371220771992030

ISRO InSight  @ISROSight
𝗦𝗽𝗮𝗗𝗲𝗫 𝗠𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗨𝗽𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲:
SpaDeX A and SpaDeX B are now about 2 kilometres apart.

Аппараты сблизились до двух километров.

[Брабонт]

Трансляция стыковки:

https://www.youtube.com/live/UCs1UWAo2I0

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1876185193645834737

ISRO  @isro
Leaves have emerged!  VSSC's CROPS (Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies) aboard PSLV-C60 POEM-4 achieves a milestone as cowpea sprouts unveil their first leaves in space.

Залиствился горошек.

[zandr]

ISRO  @isro
The SpaDeX Docking scheduled on 7th is now postponed to 9th.
The docking process requires further validation through ground simulations based on an abort scenario identified today.

Stay tuned for updates.

Стыковка перенесена на 9-ое.

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1876196202062156061

ISRO  @isro
Sharing SPADEX onboard video showcasing SDX02 launch restraint release & docking ring extension.
<короткое видео>

Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.Вы не можете просматривать это вложение. 
Репетиция.

[zandr]

На POEM-4 шевелится роборука.

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Oy_F8TJZuY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Oy_F8TJZuY 1:48
ISRO India's first space robotic arm, is in action onboard POEM4 SpaDeX Mission
  Moter World
Developed by VSSC, the objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the capturing of tethered debris by a robotic manipulator using visual servoing and object motion prediction in the space environment. It also includes the demonstration of a parallel end-effector for object capture and manipulation. Upon successful demonstration of the first experiment, the robotic manipulator will be capable of capturing free-floating debris and refuelling tethered and free-floating spacecraft in future POEM missions.

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtuE6m5qynw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtuE6m5qynw 0:53
Watch: ISRO shares timelapse video of leaves emerging in space | ISRO Mission | ISRO news
  Business Standard
ISRO tweets, "Watch the timelapse of leaves emerging in space! VSSC's CROPS (Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies) experiment aboard PSLV-C60 captures the fascinating growth of cowpeas in microgravity"

[zandr]

https://x.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1876642961204924499

ISRO Spaceflight  @ISROSpaceflight
After the successful completion of the CROPS experiment, ISRO has announced an upcoming CROPS-2 experiment!
While the goal of CROPS (now CROPS-1) was to demonstrate seed germination and plant growth till the 2 leaf stage, CROPS-2 will aim for sustained plant growth beyond 2 leaf stage.
CROPS-1 consisted of 8 cowpea seeds inside a sealed box in a temperature controlled environment. However, other environmental parameters such as O2 & CO2 concentration, relative humidity, and soil moisture were kept unregulated and were only passively measured.
CROPS-2 will involve active control of all the above-mentioned environmental factors to facilitate sustained plant growth.
Time-lapse video of the germination and growth of cowpea seeds in CROPS-1

За экспериментом CROPS-1 - прорастание семян без контроля среды, последует CROPS-2 - выращивание растений с контролем среды.
Однако, не понял: там же завтра или когда-нибудь потом?

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1876635405845414386

ISRO  @isro
 Watch the SpaDeX Docking Event Programme.
 Date: 9th January 2025
 Time: 8:00 AM onwards
 Watch live: https://youtube.com/live/UCs1UWAo2I0?feature=share

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCs1UWAo2I0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCs1UWAo2I0
SPADEX Docking event programme
  ISRO Official
SPADEX Docking event programme
Date: 9th January 2025
Time: 8:00 AM onwards

Трансляция 9 января 05:30 мск.

[zandr]

https://x.com/ISROSight/status/1876981286188781827

ISRO InSight  @ISROSight
𝗦𝗽𝗮𝗗𝗲𝗫 𝗠𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗨𝗽𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲:
SpaDeX A and SpaDeX B are now about 400 metres apart.
Docking is scheduled for tomorrow from 8:00 AM IST onwards.
Stay tuned for updates...

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1877015368230650167

ISRO  @isro
While making a maneuver to reach 225 m between satellites the drift was found to be more than expected, post non-visibility period.
The planned docking for tomorrow is postponed. Satellites are safe.
Stay tuned for updates.

После периода невидимости, дрейф оказался больше ожидаемого.
Стыковка отложена.

[zandr]

ISRO  @isro
SpaDeX Docking Update:
The drift has been arrested and spacecrafts put in a slow drift course to move closer to each other. By tomorrow, it is expected to reach initialisation conditions.

Вернулись к режиму сближения. Уточнение завтра.

[zandr]

https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1877993577378185244

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
This morning's SpaDeX update from South America. The estimated distance between the two spacecraft is ~500 m. Recorded at 2025-01-11, 07:59:08 UTC.

[zandr]

ISRO Spaceflight  @ISROSpaceflight
The two SpaDeX satellites have achieved an inter-satellite distance of 500 m and will now proceed towards 225 m waypoint!
This is the phase during which ISRO experienced issues last time around.

Вроде процесс пошёл.

[zandr]

ISRO  @isro
SpaDeX Status Update:
Arrested at Inter Satellite Distance (ISD) of 230 m, all sensors are being evaluated. Spacecraft's health is normal.

Выдерживается зависание на 230 м.

[zandr]

ISRO Spaceflight  @ISROSpaceflight
The SpaDeX satellites have achieved a distance of 230m. This is the closest they've been to each other since deployment!
Judging from their previous attempt, if everything goes right, the docking of the SpaDeX satellites can be expected to take place TOMORROW morning!

На завтра.

[zandr]

Однако
https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1878159820777205992

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
The latest SpaDeX image from Australia. The distance between the two satellites on 2025-01-11 at 18:58:09 UTC was about 180 m.

[zandr]

ISRO  @isro  ·  4h
SpaDeX Docking Update:

At 15m we see each other clearer and clearer, we are just 50 feet away for an exciting handshake

[zandr]

ISRO  @isro  ·  3h
SpaDeX Docking Update:

SpaDeX satellites holding position at 15m, capturing stunning photos and videos of each other!

Зависание на 15 м. Фото, видео.

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1878254580825497776

ISRO  @isro  ·  2h
SpaDeX Docking Update:
A trial attempt to reach up to 15 m and further to 3 m is done.
Moving back spacecrafts to safe distance
The docking process will be done after analysing data further.
Stay tuned for updates.

После сближения 3 м, разошлись. Анализируют.

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVg64bXlCDg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVg64bXlCDg 1:10
SpaDeX in Space Docking satellites holding position at 15m
  Moter World

[zandr]

https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1878347299081814464

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
The latest SpaDeX image from South America. The distance between the two satellites on 2025-01-12 at 07:26:17 UTC was about 4.3 km. So the satellites are back at safe distance, as stated by ISRO in their recent post:

Разошлись на 4,3 км.

[zandr]

s2a systems  @s2a_systems  ·  Jan 12
SpaDeX A & B on 2025-01-12, 18:27:02 UTC over Australia. Estimated distance between the two spacecraft near max elevation: ~10.9 km.

После расхождения на 11 км, начался новый этап сближения:
https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1878867969813696816

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
SpaDeX A & SpaDeX B on 2025-01-13, 17:55:56 UTC during this evening's high elevation pass over Australia. Estimated distance between the two spacecraft near max elevation: ~1.6 km.

[zandr]

https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1879106404973437252

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
The last SpaDeX update from South America for today. Estimated distance between the two spacecraft: ~1.5 km. Recorded at 2025-01-14, 09:38:47 UTC.

Держат дистанцию.

[zandr]

https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1879337210681700826

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
SpaDeX low elevation pass over South America. The estimated distance between the two spacecraft is approximately 1.2 km. Recorded on 2025-01-15 at 00:53:35 UTC

Чуть ближе.
ISRO молчит.

[zandr]

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
SpaDeX A & B over South America on 2025-01-15 at 07:31:29 UTC. Estimated distance between the two spacecraft: ~900m.

[cross-track]

Эта музыка будет вечной
Если я заменю батарейки
Эта музыка будет, будет вечной
Эта музыка будет вечной
Если я заменю батарейки
Если я заменю батарейки (с)

[zandr]

https://x.com/iamkrishradha/status/1879072117196734790

Radha Krishna Kavuluru  @iamkrishradha
There has been some news for SPADEX docking "Window" closing in next few days. It was mentioned that SPADEX will no more be visible from ground stationsl This is wrong.
There are 2 main reasons , for this window and here are they breifly.
1) Power generated by solar panels in inclined orbit.
2) Continuous visibility for entire docking sequence.

Want to know more? Read on. (1/n) 
ps : all the analysis done by myself with opensource tracking data. Nothing official.

Спойлер

Okay so before going to actual reasons, let me show you RF Visibility of SPADEX over India. This is a direct indication of the news published in media being wrong.

Next going to power
(2/n)

Satellites are usually powered by Solar panels. The energy depends on the illuminated area ( depends on area of solar panels ) and illuminated time.

But here comes the tricky part. The earth hides sun for a certain period of orbit for every LEO Satellite ( imagine the satellite is in the night part of earth ).

For a usual Sun synchronous orbit , this period is mostly constant with every orbit taking 1.5 hour and eclipse time ( sun hidiing time ) being ~32 minutes

There is a very slight variation because of RAAN shifting , but we can neglect it for now.

Day / Night / Day / Night and the cycle continues. For example here is the total eclipse time per day ( for one year ) for RESOURCESAT-2 ( Sun sync. orbit ) - ISRO'S satellite.
(3/n)

But for inclined satellites , Like SPADEX/ISS , this eclipse time is not constant. Infact, this is the major benefit of inclination. There are certain times of the year where you can almost be lit by sun and certain times of the year when you're mostly in eclipse.

So here is a simulated Eclipse time per day for SPADEX
for the entire year. See the first valley??

That's saying SPADEX will have eclipse for only 30 minutes of day.

One week from today ( JAN 20 ) the eclipse time will go to 200 + minutes and then exponentially go to 500 minutes.

So this is the constraint. The next valley is only in MARCH. That too a very narrow one.

The conditions similar to the first window is only attainable again in JUNE ending.
(4/n)

Here is one week eclipse graph for on-going window.
Now yes sure, Resourcesat-2 operates with 400 minutes eclipse why can't spadex?

Well it depends on what the satellite is supposed to do.
Resourcesat-2 has to point nadir and turn on ccd for th day lit time. That's it ( other than health keeping )

But spadex, is all about so many subsystems and control system and "DOCKING"

+ The power storage ( batteries ) on both spacecraft may be entirely different.

My GUT feeling is that, ISRO planned the entire mission to be finished in this window and did not envision functioning in eclipses. ( as we will for sure have another window ) and saved on battery/mass in EPS.

This may be a mission constraint. Something that was planned for. So yeah , this is the window is what i can gather. 

+ There may also be a requirement for continuous visibility for entire docking sequence ( which will depend on the antennas they are having in hand , which i have no idea about , so can't model it ). But for sure we have many >25 degree passes and many >60 degree passes also.

So a major window constraint might be with power.

PS : All analysis personal and not  reviewed. May have mistakes. Deal with caution
(END)

[свернуть]

(иллюстрации пропущены)
Есть мнение (частное), что благоприятное окно закрылось, и надо ждать следующее.

[Rocinante]

https://x.com/ISROSpaceflight/status/1879736371889283363

ISRO has successfully docked 2 spacecrafts in Earth orbit for the first time!! 🛰🤝

This makes India the 4th nation to indigenously develop docking technology & it's also a crucial milestone for ISRO's future missions

https://x.com/isro/status/1879754403306967291

Post docking, control of two satellites as a single object is successful.

Undocking and power transfer checks to follow in coming days

https://x.com/indianspacepost/status/1879763063223795735

Successful SPADEX docking is the biggest thing happened to ISRO since Chandrayaan-3 and Aditya-L1.

Power transfer and cross attitude control demonstration yet to follow, but this is already a massive feat.

[спец]

Шутка из фейсбука.
Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1879749119759311078

ISRO  @isro  ·  12h
SpaDeX Docking Update:
Docking Success
Spacecraft docking successfully completed! A historic moment.

Let's walk through the SpaDeX docking process:
Manoeuvre from 15m to 3m hold point completed. Docking initiated with precision, leading to successful spacecraft capture. Retraction completed smoothly, followed by rigidisation for stability. Docking successfully completed.

India became the 4th country to achieve successful Space Docking.
Congratulations to the entire team! Congratulations to India!

Без картинок (

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9REPYHXjBIo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9REPYHXjBIo
SPADEX EVENT VIDEO
  ISRO Official
ISRO successfully completed docking of two SPADEX satellites (SDX-01 & SDX-02) in the early hours of 16 January, 2025.

Долгожданное видео
и экран подтверждения стыковки (все аплодируют)

Вы не можете просматривать это вложение.

[zandr]

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/science/isro-preps-for-more-docking-trials-with-same-spadex-sats-to-perfect-precision-in-space/amp_articleshow/117378839.cms

Isro preps for more docking trials with same SpaDeX sats to perfect precision in Space
^{Chethan Kumar | TNN | Jan 20, 2025, 08:48 IST}
BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) is preparing for additional docking attempts with its recently (Jan 16) linked satellites, focusing on achieving greater precision in its automated docking capabilities.
M Sankaran, director of the UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC), which spearheaded the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) told TOI exclusively that the space agency is conducting detailed assessments of the docking accuracy before proceeding with the next phase of experiments.
"We have to gain more information about how accurately we have achieved this docking and how much more accuracy we can achieve," Sankaran said, emphasising that the actual act of docking is just one aspect of the mission.
"How accurately we are docking is important. We will make an assessment of how accurately we have docked and how much we can improve," he said.

Small separations
Isro, which launched the SpaDeX mission on Dec 30, with two 220kg satellites put in space as separate units, had achieved a peak a inter-satellite distance of 12.8km before initiating a series of mamanoeuvres that eventually culminated in the Jan 16 docking.
Isro employed a petal-based docking system, aligned with international standards including the International Docking System Standard (IDSS).
On whether the fuel remaining on the satellites were sufficient to carry out more docking attempts, Sankaran said that for the upcoming trials, Isro plans to separate the satellites by shorter distances, potentially not exceeding 100 metres, unlike the initial approach.
"Fuel consumption won't be a constraint for these experiments, as the focus will be on perfecting the final approach and docking mechanism rather than long-range maneuvers," Sankaran said.

Sensors & Sat Capture
The success of these operations relies on a sophisticated array of five different types of sensors, each activated at specific ranges. These sensors, which were evaluated at each step in the run-up to Isro's first successful attempt on Jan 16, are crucial to both the rendezvous and the eventual docking.
The Proximity and Docking Sensor (PDS) becomes operational from 20 meters, while other sensors work at varying distances – some at long range, others at 200 meters, and some specifically for close proximity operations.
The final phase of docking involves specialised mechanism entry sensors that detect when one satellite's petals enter the other satellite's mechanism.
"...After it enters, we have to trigger mechanisms to grab the satellite. Once it is entered, it should get trapped there. It should not go out," Sankaran explained.
Currently, Isro's team is analysing data from the successful docking and running simulations to prepare for the next attempt. While the exact timeline for satellite separation remains under review, Sankaran indicated it would take "a few days" as they carefully evaluate their options.

Mastery & future missions
The decision to activate the satellites' payloads between docking attempts remains flexible.
"If we can do what we want to do immediately, we will do those things and then turn on the payload later. If that is going to take time, then we will turn on the payload and go ahead with the other observations. When we are ready, we will do the docking experiment again," he added.
As reported by TOI, the successful docking achieved by Isro was the first step towards mastering the technology, which will have to be done multiple times in different configurations, before Isro could confidently use it for future missions like Chandrayaan-4 and India's own space station.
And, the planned additional trials will help Isro decide how future docking experiments are designed. For Chandrayaan-4, which requires docking to bring back samples, Isro will be operating spacecraft of different sizes, while docking for the space station would have different challenges.

Планируют развести на 100 метров и повторить стыковку.

[zandr]

Однако
https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1891496114248892886

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
It's been some time since the last SpaDeX post - so here we go: SpaDeX A & B, still docked, during today's morning pass over South America, 2025-02-17 10:02:13 UTC.

до сих пор состыкованы.

[zandr]

https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1900266474180170136

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
SpaDeX A & B (after successful undocking), during a low elevation pass over Australia, today 2025-03-13 at 19:03:44 UTC. Thx for the heads-up
@this_is_tckb

Разошлись.

[zandr]

Код Выделить Развернуть

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0BTq12Ypr4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0BTq12Ypr4 4:54
ISRO SpaDex Mission's De-Docking Complete Footage #isro
  thebhp
ISRO Successfully Completes SpaDex Mission's De-Docking, Paving Way For Future Space Endeavors.
On Thursday, ISRO announced the successful completion of the SpaDex Mission's de-docking.
The undocking process involved a precise sequence of events, culminating in the separation of the SDX-01 (Chaser) and SDX-02 (Target) satellites that was launched on December 30 in 2024, using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)-C60, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. It included the successful extension of SDX-2, the planned release of Capture Lever 3, and the disengagement of the Capture Lever in SDX-2.
After these maneuvers, the decapture command was issued in both SDX-1 and SDX-2, leading to the successful separation of the satellites. ISRO successfully completed docking of the two SPADEX satellites (SDX-01 and SDX-02) in the early hours of January 16 this year, marking India's entry towards becoming the fourth country -alongside China, Russia and the United States-in the world to have space docking technology.

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1900077225476767766

ISRO  @isro
Spadex Undocking Successful!
Key sequence of events:

- SDX-2 extension successful
- Capture Lever 3 released as planned
- Capture Lever in SDX-2 disengaged
- Decapture command issued in SDX-1 & SDX-2

FINALLY, SUCCESSFUL UNDOCKING!
Congratulations, Team ISRO!

[zandr]

https://x.com/isro/status/1908220390864044439

ISRO  @isro
Atmospheric Re-entry of POEM-4
On December 30, 2024, ISRO's PSLV-C60 launched twin SPADEX satellites and after injecting satellites at 475 km altitude, the specially configured upper stage (PS4) of PSLV-C60 (called PSLV Orbital Experimental Module in short POEM-4) was also almost in the same orbit. Subsequently, POEM-4 was de-orbited by engine restarts to a nearly circular orbit at 350 km altitude with 55.2 degree inclination. PS4 was then passivated by venting the leftover fuel to minimise any potential risk for accidental break-up. During its mission life, POEM-4 hosted altogether 24 payloads (14 payloads from ISRO and 10 from various NGEs) and all payloads worked as expected yielding valuable science data.

While the POEM-4 was in orbit, it was continuously tracked by ISRO's Radar Facilities and United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) facilities as well. The tracking data was in turn utilised in the re-entry prediction process. It was observed that POEM-4's orbit had decayed to 174 km x165 km and the platform was predicted to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere on April 04, 2025.

The atmospheric re-entry event of POEM-4 was then closely monitored by ISRO System for Safe and Sustainable Space Operations Management (IS4OM) and regular updates in predictions were made. Finally, the POEM-4 module re-entered the atmosphere and impacted at 02:33 UTC (08:03 IST), April 04, 2025, in the Indian Ocean. The safe re-entry of POEM-4 is yet another accomplishment to ISRO's commitment to contain the growth of space debris, reaffirming the prominent role of ISRO in the long-term sustainability of outer space environment and Debris Free Space Mission (DFSM).
Image: Final traces of POEM-4

POEM-4 ПБС

[zandr]

https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1913764298679009573

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
Getting closer again: SpaDeX A & B, recorded from Switzerland on 2025-04-20 at 01:00:50 UTC, with an inter-satellite distance of approximately 550 meters.

Вновь сблизились на полкилометра.
Будет ещё стыковка?

[zandr]

https://x.com/DrJitendraSingh/status/1914173905335464417

ISRO reposted
Dr Jitendra Singh  @DrJitendraSingh
#ISRO SPADEX Update:
Glad to inform that the second docking of satellites has been accomplished successfully.
_{As informed earlier, the PSLV-C60 / SPADEX mission was successfully launched on 30 December 2024. Thereafter the satellites were successfully docked for the first time on 16 January 2025 at 06:20 AM and successfully undocked on 13 March 2025 at 09:20 AM.}

Further experiments are planned in the next two weeks.

Вторая стыковка выполнена успешно.

[zandr]

https://x.com/planet4589/status/1914497530634686648

Jonathan McDowell  @planet4589
ISRO's SPADEX SDX01 and SDX02 spacecraft redocked at 1450 UTC Apr 20  after carrying out manuevers at a range of 0 to 20 km since undocking  from each other on Mar 13.

[zandr]

https://x.com/s2a_systems/status/1916620236775678346

s2a systems  @s2a_systems
SpaDeX Update: After successfully raising their orbit, the two satellites have once again undocked.
SpaDeX A & B, recorded on 2025-04-27 at 21:47:40 UTC over Europe.

Разошлись.

[triage]

https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-satellites-practising-dogfights-in-space-what-it-means-8320645

India is conducting a rare and very sophisticated "dogfight" in space between a 'chaser' and 'target' satellite orbiting nearly 500 kilometers above the Earth. This comes close on the heels of Chinese defence satellites practising "dogfights" in low Earth orbits in 2024.

Dogfighting in space refers to the concept of coordinated, close-range maneuvers between spacecraft, similar to the aerial dogfights between fighter jets.

The Indian attempt is one more useful extension of the ambitious SPADEX Mission by the Indian Space Research Organization or ISRO. A mission with many societal and strategic objectives rolled in seamlessly.

Two Indian satellites - zipping through space at 28,800 kilometers per hour, or at a speed which is 28 times faster than cruising a commercial passenger jet and 10 times the speed of a bullet - are autonomously participating in this precision flight pattern orchestrated by the ISRO. Both satellites have been conducting rendezvous and proximity tactics.

This current "dogfight" was preceded by an extended but manually conducted circumambulation or parikrama between the chaser and target satellite a few weeks ago.

In the SPADEX mission, India has already "successfully demonstrated docking and undocking twice over", ISRO Chairman Dr V Narayanan told NDTV.

After these extended docking and undocking maneuvers, the ISRO chief said, there was still 50% of the fuel left on the two satellites.

A precision rocket launch and frugal orbital management has left the two satellites with nearly 2.5 kilograms of fuel each, said the ISRO chief, adding that this helps extend the mission life.

....

Earlier, the ISRO successfully demonstrated the docking of the SPADEX satellites (SDX 01 & SDX 02) for the second time on April 20.

Subsequently, power transfer from SDX 02 to SDX 01 satellite as well as vice versa was also exercised and accomplished on April 21.

The experiment involved operating a heater element in one of the satellites through power from the other satellite. The duration of power transfer was approximately 4 minutes and the performance of the satellites was as expected.

In the second docking attempt, the docking was completed with full autonomy from an inter-satellite distance of 15m till docking, whereas in the first docking attempt, an additional hold point was manually exercised at an inter-satellite distance of 3m.

The second docking experiment was preceded by detailed ground simulations and on-orbit trials incorporating the experience gained from first docking and undocking experiments, thereby providing immense confidence for the second docking demonstration.

The demonstration of the fully autonomous second docking along with power transfer marks the completion of an important milestone in the SPADEX mission.

The first docking was achieved on January 16 this year.
...