LRO/LCROSS - Atlas V 401 - Canaveral - 18.06.2009 21:32

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tnt22


tnt22

ЦитироватьULA‏Подлинная учетная запись @ulalaunch 17 мин.

Happy #Launchiversary to NASA's LRO/LCROSS mission, which launched #OTD in 2009 and helped prove the existence of water ice on the moon's South Pole.




15 мин. назад

The upper stage Centaur played an unusual role in the Lunar CRater Observing and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission: Centaur intentionally impacted the moon and LCROSS followed behind to gather data until it also impacted the moon.


15 мин.\ назад

Originally anticipated to be a 1- or 2-year mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) continues to gather data about the moon, connecting us to our closest neighbor as we plot a course to return to the moon...and places beyond.

tnt22

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-reflects-on-legacy-of-lro-as-moon-orbiting-mission-reaches-10-year-anniversary
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June 18, 2019

NASA Reflects on Legacy of LRO as Moon-Orbiting Mission Reaches 10-Year Anniversary

5:32 p.m. Eastern Time on June 18, 2019, marks 10 years since the launch of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). Its contributions to the fields of lunar science and exploration are unmatched: it has provided the largest volume of data ever collected by a planetary science mission.

The diverse suite of instruments aboard LRO include a laser altimeter that fires pulses of light about 28 times per second, creating one of the most accurate topographic maps of any celestial body. LRO measured the coldest known temperatures in the solar system at the Moon's poles. Observations of tectonic features across the lunar surface indicated the Moon's gradual shrinkage — LRO showed us not a dead but rather a dynamic and intriguing Moon.

Спойлер
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=ctA97quYlig
This video highlights some notable facts and accomplishments of the LRO mission over the past decade, all of which are paving the way forward for reestablishing a human presence on the Moon with the newly-announced Artemis program.
Credits: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
This video is public domain and can be downloaded fr om Goddard's Scientific Visualization Studio.
[свернуть]
LRO's original mission duration was supposed to be one to two years, not 10. "We've just submitted our fourth extended mission proposal," said Noah Petro, project scientist of LRO at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. "With the national focus on the Moon as part of NASA's Moon to Mars strategy, the data fr om LRO has been instrumental in Artemis planning and the mission will continue to be a major player going forward in finding more landing sites for humans and robotic explorers. The work that we're doing is meaningful to the science community, to NASA and to the world."

The Allure of the Moon
Спойлер
In the months leading up to its launch, LRO received submissions of over a million names as part of an initiative to involve the public in NASA's return to the Moon. The names, encoded on a microchip, launched with LRO. "It gave people a sense of not just belonging but also of being part of a mission," Petro said.

Why does Earth's largest satellite have such a widespread impact upon human imaginations? Beyond the invaluable science and data that LRO gave and continues to give to benefit the onward march of scientific advancement, LRO personifies the investigation of all that is utterly extraordinary about the Moon.

As part of NASA's 60th anniversary celebration last year, the National Symphony Orchestra played Claude Debussy's "Clair de Lune" at the Kennedy Center in Washington set to projections of digital images of a lunar day. Science visualizer Ernie Wright, also of Goddard, created this breathtaking view of the Moon's landscape entirely with LRO data.

The stunning video produced a palpable reaction among those who were at the live performance. "People came up to me during the intermission and asked if I was the photographer," Wright said. "They didn't understand completely what I'd made, but they had an emotional reaction to the visual and the way it was combined with the music."

Wright has been fascinated by the Moon since he saw, live on television, the first humans to step foot on the Moon with the Apollo 11 mission. His connection to the Moon persevered for decades. "I feel especially lucky to be specifically involved with LRO and with data rendering of the Moon because the lunar landing was my first memory of a major space event," he said. A return to the Moon could inspire a new generation of people motivated, like Ernie Wright, by their specific lunar connection.
[свернуть]
LRO's Figurative Shortening of the Lunar Distance
Спойлер
LRO is a major source of information about the moon for NASA. "When they want someone to talk about the Moon, they call the LRO team," Petro said. "LRO's continuation is a direct result of NASA's interest in the Moon."

NASA is obviously not the only entity with an interest in the Moon — yet one particular factor seems to shape humanity's fascination.

"The Moon is very accessible," said Molly Wasser, planetary science and LRO digital media lead from Goddard. "Anyone can see it, no matter wh ere you are — from the brightest cities to the most remote communities. It's a way to introduce children to space since little kids can see it and observe it changing over time. There's something very romantic about it. Everyone loves the Moon."

The rise of social media over the span of LRO's lifetime further satiates the public desire for lunar information, but images get the most attention. Having collected over a petabyte (one billion megabytes) of data, LRO has millions of photos of stark geological features lit sharply by unfiltered sunlight. "That content gets the most traction," Wasser said.

The Moon is visible and it is the largest object in Earth's night sky. "The Moon has that immediacy," Petro said. "There's a connection that people can have which puts it at the forefront of our consciousness." Even if they are unaware of the mission, LRO brings the Moon to humans in detail precise enough to see the sites of previous lunar missions — a feat beyond impossible for the naked eye.
[свернуть]
Apollo, LRO and Artemis
Спойлер
The Moon's scientific value is not to be understated. The history of the solar system's evolution is almost indelibly pounded into the lunar surface, providing data over billions of years that mirrors Earth's history. The Moon exists without the protective effects of an atmosphere or the erasure of geological history as rocks cycle through the processes of plate tectonics.

"We use the Moon as a template for understanding how any solid object in the solar system formed, and by extension, solid objects anywhere in the universe," Petro said. "There's an important reason why we study the Moon — it's not only the Moon for the Moon's sake. It's an extension of the Earth."

Observation of the Moon long predates LRO and Apollo. "So many people don't notice it or think anything of it," Petro said. "But the Moon is a part of our consciousness." The Moon, however, isn't merely ingrained into cultural memory: it is also part of humanity's future.
[свернуть]
NASA recently announced its commitment to return to the Moon by 2024 with the Artemis program. Named for the mythological Greek Moon goddess and twin of Apollo, Artemis carries humanity back to our largest satellite — this time, for good — before we launch to Mars and to the unexplored beyond.

Cover image: Illustration of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

By Tamsyn Brann
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.


Last Updated: June 18, 2019
Editor: Karl Hille

tnt22

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/10-years-ago-lunar-reconnaissance-orbiter-begins-mission-to-map-the-moon
ЦитироватьJune 18, 2019

10 Years Ago: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Begins Mission to Map the Moon

Its launchmate, Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, confirmed the existence of water ice reserves in the lunar soil.

The primary mission of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, located in Greenbelt, Maryland, was to measure the entire lunar surface to create a high-resolution 3-D map of the Moon with ~50-centimeter resolution images to aid in the planning of future robotic and crewed missions. In addition, LRO would map the polar regions and search for the presence of water ice. Its primary mission was to last only one year. LRO was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on June 18, 2009, atop an Atlas V launch vehicle. 

Launched with LRO was the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS, a satellite managed by NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley designed to further explore the presence of water ice in permanently shaded areas of the Moon's polar regions. The two components of LCROSS, the Centaur upper stage of the launch vehicle and the Shepherding Satellite, were intended to deliberately crash into the Moon. Instruments on Earth and aboard LRO and the LCROSS Shepherding Satellite would observe the resulting plumes and analyze them for the presence of water.

  
Left: Launch of LRO and LCROSS on an Atlas V rocket. Right: LRO (top, silver) and LCROSS (bottom, gold) spacecraft before being placed inside the launch shroud.
The LRO spacecraft carries seven scientific instruments:
    [/li]
  • the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) to characterize the lunar radiation environment;
  • the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) to identify areas cold enough to trap ice;
  • the Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LMAP) to search for ice in the lunar polar regions;
  • the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) to create a map of hydrogen distribution and to determine the neutron component of the lunar radiation environment;
  • the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) to measure slopes and roughness of potential landing sites;
  • the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) consisting of two-narrow angle and one wide-angle camera to take high-resolution images of the lunar surface; and
  • the Mini Radio-Frequency (Mini-RF) experiment, an advanced radar system to image the polar regions and search for water ice.
  
Left: Illustration of LRO and its scientific instruments. Right: Illustration of LCROSS and its scientific instruments on panel at left.
The LCROSS Shepherding Satellite carried nine instruments – five cameras (one visible, two near-infrared, and two mid-infrared); three spectrometers (one visible and two near-infrared); and a photometer. They were used to monitor the plume sent up by the impact of the Centaur upper stage.
Спойлер
  
Left: Illustration of LRO in lunar orbit. Right: Illustration of LCROSS Shepherding Satellite at left and Centaur upper stage at right prior to lunar impact.
After a four-and-a-half-day journey from Earth, on June 23, 2009, LRO entered into an elliptical polar orbit around the Moon. Over the next four days, four engine burns refined the spacecraft's orbit and engineers on the ground began commissioning its instruments. The LROC returned its first image of the Moon on June 30 of an area near the Mare Nubium. On Sept. 15, 2009, LRO began its primary one-year mission to map the lunar surface from its science orbit 31 miles above the Moon.

On Oct. 9, 2009, first the Centaur upper stage followed five minutes later by the LCROSS Shepherding Satellite crashed into the Moon's Cabeus Crater near the lunar south pole. Although the plumes created were smaller than anticipated, instruments were able to detect signs of water in the ejected debris.

In September 2010, LRO completed its primary mapping mission and began an extended science mission around the Moon. On Dec. 17, NASA released the most detailed topographic map covering more than 98 percent of the Moon's surface based on data from LRO's LOLA instrument. The map continues to be updated as new data are received from the spacecraft. On March 15, 2011, LRO had made available more than 192 terabytes of data from LRO's primary mission to its Planetary Data System, or PDS, to make the information available to researchers, students, media, and the general public. LRO continues to this day to deliver data to the PDS, having generated the largest volume of data from a NASA planetary science mission ever.


Left: First high-resolution image of the Moon taken by LRO. Middle: Mosaic of images of the Moon's near side. Right: Mosaic of images of the Moon's far side.
  
Left: Mosaic of images of the lunar north pole. Right: Mosaic of images of the lunar south pole.
The LCROSS data showed that the lunar soil within shadowy craters is rich in useful materials, such as hydrogen gas, ammonia and methane, which could be used to produce fuel for space missions. Large amounts of light metals, such as sodium, mercury and silver, were discovered. The data revealed that there is perhaps as much as hundreds of millions of tons of frozen water on the Moon, enough to make it an effective oasis for future explorers.

Thanks to its unique vantage point in a low altitude lunar orbit, LRO's camera has been able to take remarkably detailed images of all six Apollo landing sites. The detail is such that not only can the Lunar Module (LM) descent stages be clearly identified, but disturbances of the lunar soil by the astronauts' boots, the shadows of the American flag are visible at five of the landing sites, and the Lunar Rovers from the last three missions are even visible. The scientific instruments, and in at least three of the landing sites, the U.S. flag left by the astronauts can be discerned. The flag at the Apollo 11 site cannot be seen because it most likely was blown over by the exhaust of the LM's ascent stage engine when the astronauts lifted off. In addition to the Apollo landing sites, LRO has also imaged crash and softlanding sites of other American, Soviet, Chinese, and Israeli spacecraft, including craters left by the deliberate impacts of the Apollo S-IVB upper stages. LRO also turned its camera Earthward to catch stunning Earthrise views, one image with Mars in the background, and the Moon's shadow on the Earth during the total solar eclipse on Aug. 21, 2017.

    
LRO images (left to right) of the Apollo 11, 12, and 14 landing sites.
    
LRO images (left to right) of the Apollo 15, 16, and 17 landing sites.
     
Left: LRO image of Earthirse over Compton Crater taken Oct. 12, 2015. Middle: LRO image of Earth and Mars taken Oct. 2, 2014. Right: LRO image of the total solar eclipse taken on Aug. 29, 2017.
The LRO mission continues with the spacecraft returning images and data from its instruments. It is estimated that at least six years' worth of fuel remain on board LRO. The spacecraft could be in position to support new commercial lunar activities and possibly even the return of humans to the lunar surface. 

John Uri
NASA Johnson Space Center
[свернуть]

Last Updated: June 18, 2019
Editor: Kelli Mars

Liss

Есть такое подозрение, что я нашел «Луну-9».


Ожидалось:


Два объекта разного размера – посадочная ступень Е6 и собственно «Луна-9» вблизи координат 7.13°с.ш., 64.37°з.д., заявленных в сообщении ТАСС от 06 февраля 1966.


Найдено:


Два ярких объекта различной яркости с длинными тенями на расстоянии 130 м друг от друга вблизи координат 7.02°с.ш., 64.33°з.д.


Положения на снимках LRO:


M132071202LE


Больший – строка=23370, позиция=1379


Меньший – строка=23220, позиция =1645


Фрагмент снимка прилагается (север внизу, восток слева)


M114376090RE


Больший – строка=27910, позиция=3828


Меньший – строка=28056, позиция=4073


M132071202LE


Меньший – строка=23660, позиция=275


Больший – за границей кадра, однако видна черная отметина (след работы двигателя?): строка=23706, позиция=66


Параллельно отправлено на http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?showtopic=6192&st=165

Сказанное выше выражает личную точку зрения автора, основанную на открытых источниках информации

Старый

ЦитироватьLiss написал:
 M132071202LE  Больший – строка=23370, позиция=1379   Меньший – строка=23220, позиция =1645  Фрагмент снимка прилагается (север внизу, восток слева)  M114376090RE  Больший – строка=27910, позиция=3828   Меньший – строка=28056, позиция=4073  M132071202LE  Меньший – строка=23660, позиция=275 
Это слишком сложно. Кружочками на картинке можно обвести? 
Один в форме галочки в центре , второй влево вниз от него?
1. Ангара - единственная в мире новая РН которая хуже старой (с) Старый Ламер
2. Назначение Роскосмоса - не летать в космос а выкачивать из бюджета деньги
3. У Маска ракета длиннее и толще чем у Роскосмоса
4. Чем мрачнее реальность тем ярче бред (с) Старый Ламер

Старый

1. Ангара - единственная в мире новая РН которая хуже старой (с) Старый Ламер
2. Назначение Роскосмоса - не летать в космос а выкачивать из бюджета деньги
3. У Маска ракета длиннее и толще чем у Роскосмоса
4. Чем мрачнее реальность тем ярче бред (с) Старый Ламер

Liss

Большой да, маленький справа вверху за кратером. 
Надо бы с панорамами сличить :-)
Сказанное выше выражает личную точку зрения автора, основанную на открытых источниках информации

Старый

Надо предложить американцам переснять это место получше. 
1. Ангара - единственная в мире новая РН которая хуже старой (с) Старый Ламер
2. Назначение Роскосмоса - не летать в космос а выкачивать из бюджета деньги
3. У Маска ракета длиннее и толще чем у Роскосмоса
4. Чем мрачнее реальность тем ярче бред (с) Старый Ламер

Старый

Надо бы половинки амортизационного баллона посмотреть. 
1. Ангара - единственная в мире новая РН которая хуже старой (с) Старый Ламер
2. Назначение Роскосмоса - не летать в космос а выкачивать из бюджета деньги
3. У Маска ракета длиннее и толще чем у Роскосмоса
4. Чем мрачнее реальность тем ярче бред (с) Старый Ламер

Liss

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Надо бы половинки амортизационного баллона посмотреть.  

И два свежих кратера от сброшенных перед включением ТДУ отсеков аппаратуры.
Сказанное выше выражает личную точку зрения автора, основанную на открытых источниках информации

Чебурашка

ЦитироватьЧастное затмение Луны продолжительностью почти 3,5 часа, которое произойдет в пятницу, 19 ноября, станет самым долгим с XV века. Об этом сообщает ТАСС со ссылкой на пресс-службу Московского планетария.
LRO со своими старыми аккумуляторами его переживёт?

cross-track

Цитата: Чебурашка от 18.11.2021 22:37:17
Цитата: undefinedЧастное затмение Луны продолжительностью почти 3,5 часа, которое произойдет в пятницу, 19 ноября, станет самым долгим с XV века. Об этом сообщает ТАСС со ссылкой на пресс-службу Московского планетария.
LRO со своими старыми аккумуляторами его переживёт?
3.5 часа - это частное затмение Луны, но не LRO.
Не все у нас еще хорошо, кое-что - просто замечательно!

Чебурашка

Ну LRO вместе с Луной на длительное время в тень Земли попадает и не может получать энергию от солнечных батарей.
И вся его жизнь зависит от аккумуляторов.

sol

Затмение - ЧАСТНОЕ. Это значит - кусок Солнца будет все время виден. Может, этого света хватит хотя бы для безопасного режима.
Массаракш!

Жизнь - это падение в пропасть неизвестной глубины и заполненную туманом.