ADM-Aeolus - Vega - Куру/CSG - 22.08.2018

Автор PIN, 27.11.2017 20:13:26

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tnt22

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Цитироватьhttps://twitter.com/esaoperations/status/1168534065118679042

 ESA Operations‏ Подлинная учетная запись @esaoperations 2 ч. назад

Experts in our #SpaceDebris team calculated the risk of collision between these two active satellites, determining the safest option for #Aeolus would be to increase its altitude and pass over the @SpaceX satellite #CollisionAvoidance




2 ч. назад

The manoeuvre took place about 1/2 an orbit before the potential collision. Not long after the collision was expected, #Aeolus called home as usual to send back its science data – proving the manoeuvre was successful and a collision was indeed avoided


2 ч. назад

It is very rare to perform collision avoidance manoeuvres with active satellites. The vast majority of ESA avoidance manoeuvres are the result of dead satellites or fragments from previous collisions #SpaceDebris


2 ч. назад

In 2018, ESA performed 28 #collisionavoidance manoeuvres across its fleet. See for example a 2018 manoeuvre by @ESA_Cryosat:
Цитировать ESA Operations‏ Подлинная учетная запись @esaoperations 10 июл. 2018 г.

Yesterday, for the 2nd time this year, teams @esa's @ESA_EO control room altered the path of #CryoSat preventing a collision with an unknown object. Chances of collision went 1/10000 so a Collision Avoidance Manoeuvre (CAM) was performed! Image shows 3D collision plot [1/3]


2 ч. назад

These avoidance manoeuvres take a lot of time to prepare - from determining the future orbital positions of all functioning spacecraft, to calculating the risk of collision and potential outcomes of different actions Inside ESA's #SpaceDebris Office




2 ч. назад

As the number of satellites in orbit increases, due to 'mega constellations' such as #Starlink comprising hundreds or even thousands of satellites, today's 'manual' collision avoidance process will become impossible...




1 ч. назад

ESA is preparing to automate this process using #AI #ArtificialIntelligence. From the initial assessment of a potential collision to a satellite moving out of the way, automated systems are becoming necessary to protect our space infrastructure
#SpaceSafety
#SpaceTraffic


1 ч. назад

ESA's future will be decided at this year's ministerial council in November. Find out more about the Agency's #SpaceSafety proposal here: http://blogs.esa.int/space19plus/programmes/space-debris/ ... and stay tuned for a machine learning competition in which you can play with ESA's #spacedebris data!
#Space19plus




tnt22

Цитировать Cosmic Penguin‏ @Cosmic_Penguin 2 ч. назад

So apparently the Starlink satellite encountered is one of those that have problems (2019-029AV/44278) and had its orbit lowered to around 310 km altitude, around the same as the polar orbit height Aeolus is orbiting.


Cees Bassa‏ @cgbassa 1 ч. назад

According to the latest @18SPCS orbital elements, AEOLUS would have passed within 10 km from a Starlink satellite (object 44278/2019-029AV) at 11:02:42UTC today. The relative velocity was 14.4 km/s. A collision would've been messy.

tnt22

Цитировать Jonathan O'Callaghan‏ Подлинная учетная запись @Astro_Jonny 2 ч. назад

So, I've just had it confirmed from another ESA source that #SpaceX refused to move their #Starlink satellite when they were alerted to the risk of collision with #Aeolus, which was 1 in 1,000, ten times higher than the threshold for a collision avoidance manoeuvre. (1/5)


2 ч. назад

SpaceX sent a short email to ESA saying they would not move their satellite. It's not clear why - they didn't mention if the satellite was active or not, apparently (ESA weren't even aware what the satellite was). (2/5)


2 ч. назад

ESA have been pretty frustrated with SpaceX so far. There has been very little communication regarding Starlink, despite repeated attempts by ESA to contact them (this is the first email SpaceX had sent).  (3/5)


2 ч. назад

As to why Aeolus had to move and not Starlink, my source just said "in space there are no rules". Basically, SpaceX said they wouldn't move. So Aeolus had to move.  (ESA said they were glad they knew one way or the other, however) (4/5)


2 ч. назад

As of yet SpaceX has not responded to a request for comment on this. I'll have a story up on @Forbes soon with full quotes. (5/5)

tnt22

Цитировать Jeff Foust‏ @jeff_foust 2 ч. назад

SpaceX, in a new statement, says they were aware of the potential Aeolus/Starlink collision, but at first the probability was low. When the probability increased, "a bug in our on-call paging system prevented the Starlink operator from seeing the follow on correspondence."


1 ч. назад

SpaceX said had they been aware of the increased probability risk, "we would have coordinated with ESA to determine best approach with their continuing with their maneuver or our performing a maneuver."


1 ч. назад

That also would seem to contradict media reports that SpaceX "refused" to move its Starlink satellite. /end

tnt22

Цитировать Loren Grush‏ Подлинная учетная запись @lorengrush 2 ч. назад

Statement from SpaceX on the ESA/Starlink potential collision on Monday


tnt22

http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Safety/ESA_spacecraft_dodges_large_constellation
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Aeolus was recently manoeuvred to avoid collision with a satellite in a constellation

ESA SPACECRAFT DODGES LARGE CONSTELLATION

3 September 2019 
    [/li]
  • For the first time, ESA has performed a 'collision avoidance manoeuvre' to protect one of its spacecraft fr om colliding with a satellite in a large constellation.

    [/li]
  • On Monday morning, the Agency's Aeolus Earth observation satellite fired its thrusters, moving it off a potential collision course with a SpaceX satellite in the Starlink constellation.

    [/li]
  • Constellations are fleets of hundreds up to thousands of spacecraft working together in orbit. They are expected to become a defining part of Earth's space environment in the next few years.

    [/li]
  • As the number of satellites in space dramatically increases, close approaches between two operated spacecraft will occur more frequently. Compared with such 'conjunctions' with space debris – non-functional objects including dead satellites and fragments from past collisions – these require coordination efforts, to avoid conflicting actions.

    [/li]
  • Today, the avoidance process between two operational satellites is largely manual and ad hoc – and will no longer be practical as the number of alerts rises with the increase in spaceflight.

    [/li]
  • "This example shows that in the absence of traffic rules and communication protocols, collision avoidance depends entirely on the pragmatism of the operators involved," explains Holger Krag, Head of Space Safety at ESA. 
    "Today, this negotiation is done through exchanging emails - an archaic process that is no longer viable as increasing numbers of satellites in space mean more space traffic."

    [/li]
  • ESA is proposing an automated risk estimation and mitigation initiative as part of its space safety activities. This will provide and demonstrate the types of technology needed to automate the collision avoidance process, allowing machine generated, coordinated and conflict-free manoeuvre decisions to speed up the entire process – something desperately needed to protect vital space infrastructure in the years to come.
What happened?

Data is constantly being issued by the 18th Space Control Squadron of the US Air Force, who monitor objects orbiting in Earth's skies, providing information to operators about any potential close approach.

With this data, ESA and others are able to calculate the probability of collision between their spacecraft and all other artificial objects in orbit.

About a week ago, the US data suggested a potential 'conjunction' at 11:02 UTC on Monday, 2 September, between ESA's Aeolus satellite and Starlink44 – one of the first 60 satellites recently launched in SpaceX's mega constellation, planned to be a 12 000 strong fleet by mid-2020.


Predicted conjunction between Aeolus and Starlink 44

Experts in ESA's Space Debris Office worked to calculate the collision probability, combining information on the expected miss distance, conjunction geometry and uncertainties in orbit information.


At ESA's space debris facility

As days passed, the probability of collision continued to increase, and by Wednesday 28 August the team decided to reach out to Starlink to discuss their options. Within a day, the Starlink team informed ESA that they had no plan to take action at this point.

ESA's threshold for conducting an avoidance manoeuvre is a collision probability of more than 1 in 10 000, which was reached for the first time on Thursday evening.

An avoidance manoeuvre was prepared which would increase Aeolus' altitude by 350 m, ensuring it would comfortably pass over the other satellite, and the team continued to monitor the situation.

On Sunday, as the probability continued to increase, the final decision was made to implement the manoeuvre, and the commands were sent to the spacecraft from ESA's mission control centre in Germany.


Aeolus – understanding Earth's winds

At this moment, chances of collision were around 1 in 1000, 10 times higher than the threshold.

On Monday morning, the commands triggered a series of thruster burns at 10:14, 10:17 and 10:18 UTC, half an orbit before the potential collision.

About half an hour after the conjunction was predicted, Aeolus contacted home as expected. This was the first reassurance that the manoeuvre was correctly executed and the satellite was OK.

Since then, teams on the ground have continued to receive scientific data from the spacecraft, meaning operations are back to normal science-gathering mode.

Contact with Starlink early in the process allowed ESA to take conflict-free action later, knowing the second spacecraft would remain wh ere models expected it to be.

New space


A satellite mega-constellation

Since the first satellite launch in 1957, more than 5500 launches have lifted over 9000 satellites into space. Of these, only about 2000 are currently functioning, which explains why 90% of ESA's avoidance manoeuvres are the result of derelict and uncontrollable 'space debris'.

In the years to come, constellations of thousands of satellites are set to change the space environment, vastly increasing the number of active, operational spacecraft in orbit.

This new technology brings enormous benefits to people on Earth, including global internet access and precise location services, but constellations also bring with them challenges in creating a safe and sustainable space environment.

Space rules

"No one was at fault here, but this example does show the urgent need for proper space traffic management, with clear communication protocols and more automation," explains Holger.

"This is how air traffic control has worked for many decades, and now space operators need to get together to define automated manoeuvre coordination."

Autonomous spaceflight

As the number of satellites in orbit rapidly increases, today's 'manual' collision avoidance process will become impossible, and automated systems are becoming necessary to protect our space infrastructure.

Collision avoidance manoeuvres take a lot of time to prepare – from determining the future orbital positions of functioning spacecraft, to calculating the risk of collision and the many possible outcomes of different actions.


Space Safety & Security

ESA is preparing to automate this process using artificial intelligence, speeding up the processes of data crunching and risk analysis, from the initial warning of a potential conjunction to the satellite finally moving out of the way.

Such use of space-based communication links can save precious time when sending manoeuvre commands at the last minute.

Under its Space Safety activities, ESA plans to invest in technologies required to automatically process collision warnings, coordinate manoeuvres with other operators and send the commands to spacecraft entirely automatically, ensuring the benefits of space can continue to be enjoyed for generations to come.

. The use of space-based communication links to transmit commands can help to save precious time in order to uplink a manoeuvre decision in the last minute.

PIN


полтора_землекопа

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ЦитироватьFor now, once Aeolus reaches an altitude of 280 km, a series of commands sent over six days will use the satellite's remaining fuel to guide it towards the optimal position for reentry.

Then, a first manoeuvre will lower the satellite to an altitude of 250 km. This step will take several days, during which the teams will check on the health of the satellite and evaluate the next steps.

Four manoeuvres then usher Aeolus down to 150 km before 12 hours of final checks keep the satellite on track.

A final, critical manoeuvre at 150 km will direct Aeolus' journey home. The satellite will return in a matter of hours, the vast majority of it burning up in Earth's atmosphere.

https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Aeolus/Guiding_Aeolus_safe_reentry


полтора_землекопа

Утопили.

ЦитироватьConfirmed in the early hours this morning, Aeolus reentered Earth's atmosphere on 28 July at around 21:00 CEST above Antarctica, confirmed by US Space Command.

The reentry comes after a series of complex manoeuvres that lowered Aeolus' orbit from an altitude of 320 km to just 120 km to reenter the atmosphere and burn up.

https://blogs.esa.int/rocketscience/2023/07/24/aeolus-reentry-live/

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Брабонт

#189
Никак не пойму, что конкретно в этой операции вызвало такой энтузиазм европейцев, и чем она принципиально отличалась, например, от затопления ATV (кроме ступенчатого снижения высоты, определяемого возможностями бортовой ДУ)? Работой НКУ с объектом на предельных угловых скоростях?
Пропитый день обмену и возврату не подлежит

Arzach

Цитата: V.V. от 29.07.2023 20:15:08что конкретно в этой операции вызвало такой энтузиазм
Во-первых, в данном случае эта операция не была предусмотрена программой полёта, а ATV сводили штатно по накатанной дорожке от МКС на океанское кладбище. Во-вторых, это первый в своём роде случай управляемого сведения в рамках новых правил завершения жизненного цикла космических объектов.

ЦитироватьEssentially trying to make a satellite do what it was never designed to do involved a huge amount of thinking and a lot of planning.

Брабонт

Цитата: Arzach от 29.07.2023 21:19:48Во-первых, в данном случае эта операция не была предусмотрена программой полёта
Да, это принципиальный аспект. Спасибо.
Пропитый день обмену и возврату не подлежит