Форум Новости Космонавтики

ЦитироватьMOSCOW, February 2, 2012
Chandrayan-2 faces delay after Russian Mars probe failure
Vladimir Radyuhin

The failure of the Russian Mars mission last month will cause a delay in the construction of a Russian lander for India's Chandrayan-2 mission to the Moon, said Russia's top space official.

As a result, the launch of Chandrayan-2, planned for 2013, may have to be postponed by three years.

Academician Lev Zelyony, head of the Russian Space Research Institute, was quoted as saying that the Luna-Resource lander may not be ready till 2016.

"There were plans to launch the Luna-Glob and Luna-Resource missions in 2015," the Russian scientist told RIA Novosti. "But the dates may have to be moved, as the technical solutions that were used with NPO Lavochkin's Phobos-Grunt were also used in the lunar projects and they clearly need to be reviewed."

The Phobos-Grunt spacecraft, launched in November to retrieve soil samples from the Martian moon Phobos, became stuck in Earth's orbit after its engines failed to fire and crashed back to Earth last month.

A Russian government commission set up to investigate the probe failure blamed it on a burst of heavy charged space radiation that caused the onboard computers to reboot and go into standby mode.

Academician Zelyony, who took part in the investigation, said the review will not affect scientific instruments of Luna-Resource and Luna-Glob, but only their control systems and the spacecraft.

While the Luna-Resource lander is to travel to the Moon aboard the Chandrayan-2 spacecraft and put an Indian rover on the lunar surface, the identical Luna-Globe will be an entirely Russian mission, which is to carry a boring system for taking Moon rock samples.

ЦитироватьMonday, August 9, 2010
Chandrayaan-2 rover prototype


Prototype of the ISRO Chandrayaan-II lunar rover, under development at IIT-Kanpur. The Mechanical Engineering Department there has been given the task of constructing the rover's imaging and control systems [IIT-Kanpur].

Pradeep Mohandas
Parallel Spirals

Perhaps for the first time, and hopefully not the last time, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is involving under-graduate and post-graduate students in the development of a major space mission. (I am planning to do a story on this for the Moon Miners Manifesto India Quarterly this October and will add more details, when possible.

India's Minister of State for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences, Prithviraj Chavan, confirmed in India's Parliament ISRO engineers are developing and building Chandrayaan-II, together with Russia. India's second lunar mission will consist of an Indian orbiter and a Russian lander ferrying an Indian lunar rover, all equipped with scientific instruments.

The only constant in this chatter of news stream is that Chandrayaan-II will fly in the first quarter of 2013.

ЦитироватьOn Chandrayaan 2, K. Radhakrishnan said the Indo-Russian Joint Venture on a GSLV launch vehicle would be on an Indian rover and Russian landing station. But there could be some delay in the latter as there was a 'major' review of Russian space programme following a recent failed mission.

"The orbiter is in very good shape (and the launch could be) possibly by 2014. When exactly the landing module is made available is to be seen but we are ready for 2014," K. Radhakrishnan, flanked by ISRO's top scientists said at a press conference here.

ЦитироватьIndia's next moon mission depends on Russia: ISRO chief
Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh), Sun, 09 Sep 2012 NI Wire

India's second moon mission will depend on Russia's decision after a failed inter-planetary mission with China, said ISRO chairman on Sunday after successful launching its 100th indigenous mission.

"Russia is reviewing its inter-planetary missions after a failed joint mission with China," said ISRO Chairman K Radhakrishnan.

For India's lunar mission "Chandrayaan-2", India need a lander which would be provided by Russia.

"India will build the lunar orbiter and rover. Russia has said they would come to us with a decision after their review," K Radhakrishnan told reporters.

The Chandrayaan 2 is planned for 2014 with India's heavier rocket - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

Radhakrishnan said Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will ready the rocket and also the lunar orbiter and rover.

While reports are there that the Chandrayaan 2 project may get delayed to 2016, Radhakrishnan did not comment on it.

ЦитироватьНу вот. Зеленый решил лететь в 2016... значит на южный полюс.  Значит сесть будет труднее. :-)

ЦитироватьChandrayaan 2: India waiting to hear from Russia
T. E. Raja Simhan

Russia to provide lander for the project
Sriharikota, Sept. 9:

India is ready to take up its second mission to the moon – Chandrayaan 2 – in a joint venture with Russia.

However, it is waiting for a final word from Russia, which is reviewing its space mission programme after the recent failure of inter-planetary mission with China, said K. Radhakrishnan, Chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

For Chandrayaan 2, Russia will provide the lander while India will build the lunar orbiter and rover.

"We hope to hear on the review from Russia in a couple of months," he told newspersons after the successful launch of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) C21.

"We are possibly ready to launch Chandrayaan 2 in 2014," he said dismissing reports that the programme could be delayed to 2016.

The Chandrayaan 2 is planned for 2014 with India's heavier rocket Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), he said.

ЦитироватьЧандраян-2 летит с "Луна-Ресурс".

ЦитироватьСформирована программа ближайших научных миссий к Луне

14 сентября 2012 года 12:03

Берлин. 14 сентября. INTERFAX.RU - Россия может отправить к Луне в 2015-2017 годах три научных космических аппарата, сказал "Интерфаксу" первый заместитель генерального конструктора НПО имени Лавочкина (Химки, Московская область) Максим Мартынов.

"Ближайшие планы по исследованию Луны предусматривают отправку к этой планете трех космических аппаратов. Первый из них - "Луна-Глоб-1" должен стартовать в 2015 году", - сказал М.Мартынов на международной авиакосмической выставке ILA-2012 в Берлине.

ЦитироватьВы посты Выше прочтите.

ЦитироватьРоссия и Европа согласовали проект «ЭкзоМарс»

14 сентября 2012, 13:18

...

По его словам, Россия может отправить к Луне в 2015-2017 годах три научных космических аппарата.

«Ближайшие планы по исследованию Луны предусматривают отправку к этой планете трех космических аппаратов. Первый из них - «Луна-Глоб-1» должен стартовать в 2015 году», - сказал Мартынов.

Он отметил, что это будет «технологическая миссия или демонстратор, который подтвердит технологии посадки на Луну», передает «Интерфакс».

«Аппарат «Луна-Глоб-2» должен отправиться к Луне в 2016 году. Это будет орбитальный аппарат. Он предназначен для дистанционного исследования Луны, уточнения картографии для выбора места посадки следующих аппаратов», - сказал Мартынов.

Он сообщил, что планируемая на 2017 год миссия «Луна-Ресурс», возможно, будет осуществлена с индийским участием. «Сейчас этот вопрос обсуждается», - сказал Мартынов. Это будет полноценный посадочный модуль, по размеру больше, чем «Луна-Глоб-1».

ЦитироватьОн сообщил, чтопланируемая на 2017 год миссия «Луна-Ресурс», возможно[/size:363d80b052], будет осуществлена с индийским участием. «Сейчас этот вопрос обсуждается», - сказал Мартынов.Это будет полноценный посадочный модуль, по размеру больше, чем «Луна-Глоб-1».

ЦитироватьРФ и Индия подтверждают планы по сотрудничеству в исследовании Луны

17:1924.12.2012 / 3498 / Тема: Визит Путина в Индию
Представитель Роскосмоса пояснил РИА Новости, что речь идет о создании на территории Индии станции коррекции сигналов системы ГЛОНАСС, что позволит увеличить ее точность.

МОСКВА, 24 дек — РИА Новости. Россия и Индия намерены продолжить сотрудничество в космосе, в частности, в исследовании Луны, речь идет также о постройке станции для коррекции сигнала навигационной системы ГЛОНАСС, говорится в совместном заявлении по итогам официального визита в Индию президента РФ Владимира Путина.

"Стороны согласились продолжать взаимовыгодное сотрудничество в космической сфере, включая исследование Луны и сооружение станции дифференцирования, коррекции и мониторинга для спутниковой навигации", — говорится в документе.

Представитель Роскосмоса пояснил РИА Новости, что речь идет о создании на территории Индии станции коррекции сигналов системы ГЛОНАСС, что позволит увеличить ее точность.

Говоря о планах исследования Луны, он отметил, что планируется доставка на Луну индийского мини-лунохода, который прибудет туда на борту российского посадочного зонда.

"Ориентировочно, это может произойти в 2017 году", — добавил собеседник агентства.

Прежние планы российско-индийского сотрудничества в области исследования Луны предусматривали, что первым в череде российских лунных аппаратов должен был стать посадочный зонд "Луна-Ресурс" в паре с индийским орбитальным "Чандраяном-2".

Их запуск планировался на 2013 году на индийской ракете GSLV. Российский аппарат также должен был привезти на Луну индийский луноход. Вслед за ними, в 2014 году, на Луну должна была полететь "связка" из орбитального и посадочного аппаратов "Луна-Глоб".

После потери "Фобоса" Совет по космосу РАН и НПО имени Лавочкина предложил пересмотреть планы лунных миссий.

В частности, предложенный ими план предусматривает отказ от запуска на индийской ракете в пользу "Союза", а на основе "Луны-Ресурса" предлагается разработать посадочный зонд "Луна-Глоб-1" для отработки посадочной платформы. Его предполагается запустить в 2015 году, на его борту будет меньше научных приборов, чем предполагалось вначале.

В 2016 году предлагается запустить орбитальный зонд "Луна-Глоб-2", а в 2017 году — посадочный аппарат "Луна-Ресурс" (более тяжелую версию посадочной "Луны-Глоба" с расширенными возможностями для проведения научных исследований), на котором останется возможность отправки индийского лунного ровера.

ЦитироватьUpdated: August 14, 2013 23:22 IST
India to go alone with Chandrayaan 2
P. Sunderarajan

Chandrayaan 2, the second mission to the moon, would be an Indian programme, without any tie up with Russia.

Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office, V. Narayanasamy, on Wednesday confirmed this in reply to a written question in Rajya Sabha.

Chandrayaan 2 was originally envisaged to be a joint mission between ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) and the Russian Federal Space Agency, Roscosmos.

Under the agreement approved by the Central Government in September 2008, while ISRO was to provide for the launch by its workhorse, GSLV, as also the orbiter and the rover, the Russian agency was to provide the lander. The mission was scheduled for the current year.

Following the failure of the Russian-led interplanetary mission, Phobos-Grant, a sample return mission to Phobos, one of the moons of Mars, the Russian agency reviewed their inter-planetary missions and decided to increase the mass of the moon lander.

The Russian agency consequently suggested to ISRO two opportunities for launching of its Chandrayaan 2 rover - either 2015 or 2017 aboard Soyuz, the Russian spacecraft with a rider that the 2015 opportunity could involve mass limitation for the rover and entitle a higher risk.

In the wake of these inputs, the ISRO conducted a high level review of the Chandrayaan 2 programme under the chairmanship of Prof. U.R.Rao. The study recommended that India could itself realise a lander module in a few years and that it could go in for the mission on its own.

In his reply, Mr. Narayanasamy said the details of changes in the configuration and the mission profile were being finalised and the payloads of the lander would be finalised in due course taking into account the weight, volume and power constraints of the lander.

Later speaking to The Hindu, a senior ISRO official said the work on the programme was progressing apace and the mission is likely to take place in three years.

ЦитироватьIndia Drops Russia from Chandrayaan-2 Lunar Mission

By K.S. Jayaraman (http://www.spacenews.com/users/ks-jayaraman) | Aug. 15, 2013

(http://www.spacenews.com/sites/spacenews.com/files/images/articles/imported//Chandrayaan02.jpg)
Chandrayaan-1 in lunar orbit. Credit: ISRO artist's concept

BANGALORE, India — Fallout from a failed Russian planetary mission in 2011 has led India to go it alone on would be its second mission to the Moon, a senior Indian government official announced Aug. 14.
As conceived in 2008, the Chandrayaan-2 mission was to include a Russian-supplied lander along with an Indian rover and orbiter, all launched on an Indian rocket. But the failure of Russia's Phobos-Grunt mission led the Russian space agency, Roscosmos, to propose changes to Chandrayaan-2 that led India to reconsider the joint effort, according to V. Narayanaswamy, a government minister.
Phobos-Grunt, intended to return samples from the martian moon Phobos, was launched November 2011 but never made it out of Earth orbit due to a propulsion system failure. The spacecraft assembly, which also included a Chinese-built Mars orbiter, re-entered the atmosphere and was destroyed in January.
Speaking at the Indian Parliament in New Delhi, Narayanaswamy said that in the wake of the Phobos-Grunt failure Roscosmos proposed changes designed to increase the reliability of its hardware. The revised plan necessitated an increase in the mass of the lander, which would have required the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to decrease the mass, and consequently the reliability of, its rover, he said.
Narayanaswamy said Russia's proposed changes "called for a major programmatic re-alignment" and that this prompted ISRO to conduct a review to critically assess its own capability to design and deploy a landing craft. "The integrated review of Chandrayaan-2 recommended that India could realize the Lander module in the next few years," he said.  "Currently the spacecraft is being reconfigured for the proposed Indian Rover and Lander modules."
According to the minister, ISRO has already made some progress with the development of rover module and a few scientific instruments to be flown to the Moon. "Some experimental studies for the Moon Lander have also been undertaken at ISRO,"  he said.
"The details of changes in the configuration and the mission profile are under finalization," Narayanaswamy said. "The payloads on the Lander — that may possibly include a seismometer — will be finalized in due course taking into account the weight, volume and power constraints of the Lander."
Chandrayaan-2 is the follow-on to India's first planetary mission, Chandrayaan-1, which successfully reached lunar orbit in late 2008 and operated for almost a year before overheating caused a premature termination of the mission, which nonetheless was declared a success.
Chandrayaan-2 was originally scheduled to launch in 2013. A new launch date for the mission has not been announced.

Цитировать15.08.2013             
Индия может запустить к Луне станцию "Чандраян-2" без участия России
                
 Индия рассматривает возможность запуска к Луне космического аппарата "Чандраян-2" без участия в проекте России, говорится в сообщении индийского правительственного космического департамента.
 
 "Чандраян-2" будет миссией, которую Индия проведет самостоятельно без России... После неудачи российской межпланетной миссии "Фобос-Грунт" Роскомос принял решения, направленные на повышение надежности межпланетных полетов. Это приведет к увеличению массы лунного посадочного модуля (для "Чандраян-2")", — говорится в сообщении.
 
 "Роскосмос предложил Индийской организации космических исследований (ISRO) подготовить индийский луноход к пуску в 2015 или 2017 году, а также заявил, что при пуске 2015 года масса лунохода нужно будет ограничить, а сам пуск будет сопровождаться более серьезным риском... Поэтому нами был проведен комплексный пересмотр программы "Чандраян-2", чтобы критически оценить наши возможности по созданию и выводу в космос (собственного индийского) посадочного модуля в ближайшее время", — сказано в заявлении департамента, сделанном в ответ на запрос одного из членов верхней палаты парламента.
 
 Детали изменений в миссии "Чандраян-2" пока согласовываются. Как сообщала ранее ISRO, станция "Чандраян-2" должна состоять из двух модулей — орбитального и посадочного. Российская сторона должна была разработать посадочный модуль, который доставит на поверхность спутника Земли небольшой автоматический луноход.
 
 Планировалось, что "Чандраян-2" отправится к Луне в 2013 году. Однако после неудачи с "Фобос-Грунтом" в 2011 году ее перенесли.
 
 Проект "Чандраян-2" является продолжением индийской лунной программы, начатой аппаратом "Чандраян-1", который был запущен к Луне в октябре 2008 года. Этот аппарат проработал на лунной орбите 312 дней, а также отправил на ее поверхность ударный зонд, передает РИА Новости.
 
 К.И.

ЦитироватьВторой индийский лунный зонд Chandrayaan-2 будет запущен в конце 2016 г. – начале 2017 г., сообщил в субботу президент Индийской организации космических исследований д-р К. Радхакришнан (K Radhakrishnan). Согласно предварительным планам, посадочный модуль космического аппарата должен совершить мягкую посадку на поверхность Луны.

ЦитироватьСтанция «Чандраян-2» будет изучать Луну с орбиты. В состав миссии входит также небольшой автоматический луноход (ровер) весом от 30 до 100 кг, который планировалось доставить на Луну посадочным модулем российской станции «Луна-Ресурс». Предполагается, что он сможет проработать на Луне две—три недели.

ЦитироватьWorks on Chandrayaan-2 craft, India's second moon mission, have intensified.  Scientists are speeding up activities on the orbiter, lander and rover configuration. The design of the indigenous lander and the configuration study has been completed by the Space Applications Centre (SAC) and the integration work will be done in Bengaluru.

Chandrayaan-2 is India's second mission to moon, following the first one launched in October 2008. It is totally an indigenous mission to be launched by GSLV-MkII.

"This mission will also be primarily technological to prove our capability to land and to deploy and control the movement of a rover on lunar surface. The science goals of the mission are to further improve the understanding of origin and evolution of the Moon using instruments onboard orbiter and in-situ analysis of lunar samples using the lander and the rover," Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) officials told Deccan Herald.

Спойлер

The mission was to be a joint Indo-Russian project, but Russia withdrew after the failure of the Russian Phobos-Grunt mission to Mars. Some aspects connected with the Phobos-Grunt mission were also used in the lunar projects, which is why Russia cited its inability to provide the lander. India then decided to develop the lunar mission independently.

Isro will design the orbiter, which will orbit the Moon at an altitude of 100 km. The mission will carry five instruments on the orbiter. Three of them are new, while two others are improved versions of those flown on Chandrayaan-1 orbiter. The payloads and sensors onboard the orbiter, lander and rover have been sel ected and are at various stages of development.

The configuration changes in the orbiter for accommodating the indigenous lander have been addressed. Orbiter High resolution Camera is configured on orbiter to provide high quality images of the landing site area before the separation of lander fr om orbiter. The study team has identified the landing strategies for soft landing on the lunar surface and new technologies required for realising the lander.

Unlike Chandrayaan-1's lunar probe, which impacted the Moon's surface, the lander will make a soft landing. The rover's mass will be about 30–100 kg and will operate on solar power. The rover will move on wheels on the lunar surface, pick up samples of soil or rocks, perform on-site chemical analysis and send the data to the orbiter above, which will relay it to the Earth station.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьIsro is mulling use of nuclear technology to increase the life span of its second moon mission Chandrayaan-2, which is slated for lift-off in 2017.

Significantly, the technology, which will use a very small amount of nuclear energy, will have no fission. Simply put, this system will ensure complete safety. It is believed Chandrayaan-2 will have a life span of one year.

The spacecraft will be carried by the indigenously developed 3-stage Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV Mark 2), which — riding on a string of recent successes — has transformed from being Isro's "naughty boy" to the agency's "most adored boy".

BARC director Sekhar Basu told TOI that his organization has already initiated studies regarding the use of nuclear technology in this mission.

Спойлер

"We have to start from the scratch as the required nuclear material is not available and nobody will give it to us. We have to develop them on our own in our reactorsand produce them artificially," he said.

Basu, while acknowledging that the process could take time, said some aspects of the mission are still being worked out. The use of nuclear technology for this mission assumes significance as Chandrayaan-1's life span was cut short by nearly two months due to a technical problem. It was launched on October 22, 2008, with a 1-year mission life. However, it stopped communicating on August 29, 2009.

The mission profile for Chandrayaan-2 includes an orbiter, lander and a rover, which will study the mineralogy of the lunar surface.

On August 7, 2009, former Isro chief Madhavan Nair had told the media at IIT-B: "We are thinking of powering some parts of Chandrayaan-2 with nuclear power." However, in the past six years this plan had remained on paper following widespread apprehensions about use of nuclear technology in space missions. The plan has now been revived.

According to nuclear experts, the advantage of a nuclear power system in a spacecraft is that it functions independently of sunlight, which is necessary for deep space exploration.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьISRO is also working on its second lunar mission spacecraft, Chandrayaan-II, he /...ISRO chairman AS Kiran Kumar.../ said.

"Unlike Chandrayaan-I, we have planned a controlled descent of Chandrayaan-II which we intend to put into orbit by the end of next year or early part of 2018...

We have already done development of Rover and Liner. Rover engineering version is undergoing test," he said. 

ЦитироватьZOOR пишет:
А чего хотят от миссии? Лунного зайца переплюнуть?

ЦитироватьOn August 7, 2009, former Isro chief Madhavan Nair had told the media at IIT-B: "We are thinking of powering some parts of Chandrayaan-2 with nuclear power." However, in the past six years this plan had remained on paper following widespread apprehensions about use of nuclear technology in space missions. The plan has now been revived.

ЦитироватьНа 7 августа 2009 года, бывший глава Исро Мадхавана Наира рассказала журналистам в ИИТ-б: "мы думаем запитки некоторых частях Чандраян-2 с ядерной державой". Однако, в последние шесть лет этот план остался на бумаге следующие широко распространенные опасения по поводу использования ядерных технологий в космических полетах. Этот план был возрожден.

ЦитироватьThe space road to Chandrayaan-2 is now clear. The significance of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F05) mission's success on Thursday is that the rocket is now more than qualified to put Chandrayaan-2 into orbit.

The interfaces between GSLV-Mk II and Chandrayaan-2 have already been finalised, according to officials in the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

A GSLV-Mk II vehicle will put Chandrayaan-2 with a lander and a rover into orbit in the first quarter of 2018. It will be a totally indigenous mission — the vehicle, the spacecraft, the lander and the rover are all made in India. The orbiter (that is, the spacecraft), the lander and rover together will weigh 3,280 kg. After the spacecraft is ins erted in to the lunar orbit, the lander with the rover inside it will separate and land softly on the moon's surface.

The lander will have a throttleable engine for performing a soft landing and four sites have been short-listed for this. After it touches down on a flat surface on the moon, the 25-kg rover — which is a kind of a toy car — will emerge from it. It will have six wheels, made of aluminium, to move about on the lunar soil. The wheels will interact in such a way that the rover does not sink. The rover will move at a speed of two cm a second. Its lifetime on the moon is 14 earth days; it will have two payloads for analysing the soil's chemical properties.

ЦитироватьThe Indian Space Research Organsiation started a series of ground and aerial tests linked to the critical Moon landing of Chandrayaan-2 on Friday, at its new site at Challakere in Chitradurga district, 400 km from Bengaluru.

ISRO Satellite Centre or ISAC, the lead centre for the second Moon mission, has artificially created close to ten craters to simulate the lunar terrain and test the Lander's sensors.

A small ISRO aircraft has been carrying equipment with sensors over these craters to plan the tasks ahead.

Спойлер

ISRO, along with a host of other scientific and strategic agencies, owns vast land for its future missions at Challakere, in a 'Science City.'

ISAC Director M.Annadurai told The Hindu, "The campaign for the Lander tests of Chandrayaan-2 has started. Tests are conducted over the simulated craters at Chitradurga. We are using an aircraft to assess whether the sensors on the Lander will do their job [later] of identifying the landing spot on the Moon."

Chandrayaan-2 is tentatively set for late 2017 or early 2018 and includes soft-landing on Moon and moving a rover on its surface.

'Complicated task'
Landing on an alien surface is very complicated, said Dr. Annadurai, who was also the Project Director for the successful Chandrayaan-1 lunar mission of 2008.

In the coming months up to March, ISAC would conduct many tests: on avionics and electronics; testing the Lander's legs, followed by a combined full test, at Bengaluru and Chitradurga.

The mission includes an Orbiter, a Lander and a Rover, all being readied at ISAC in Bengaluru. The Orbiter spacecraft when launched from Sriharikota will travel to the Moon and release the Lander, which will in turn deploy a tiny Rover to roam the lunar surface — all three sending data and pictures to Earth.

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Цитировать"The life expectancy of the lander and the orbiter as estimated now is one (Earth) day, which means 14 lunar days."

ЦитироватьIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has started a series of ground tests for testing the performance of sensors and actuators for soft landing of the Lander on the lunar surface.

Special tests for new systems in Lander have been identified and a Lander Sensors Performance Test over artificial craters created in Chitradurga district in Karnataka, has been conducted. Lunar Terrain Test facility is ready for Lander drop test and Rover mobility tests.

ISRO is working towards the launch of Chandrayaan-2 during the first quarter of 2018. The Chandrayaan-2 comprises of indigenous Orbiter, Lander and Rover. After reaching the 100 km lunar orbit, the Lander housing the Rover will separate from the Orbiter. After a controlled descent, the Lander will soft land on the lunar surface at a specified site and deploy a Rover. The instruments on the rover will collect data for analysis of the lunar soil.

This information was provided by the Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Development of North-Eastern Region (DoNER), MoS PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space, Dr Jitendra Singh in a written reply to a question in Rajya Sabha today.

ЦитироватьIn what will be its next step to reach, land on and explore the Moon, the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) is gearing up to launch its space science and planetary exploration mission, Chandrayaan-2, on a GSLV MKII launch vehicle, in the first quarter of 2018.

The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft is a composite module consisting of Orbiter, Lander and Rover. Unlike the Chandrayaan-1, where Moon Impact Probe (MIP) crash-landed on the surface of the Moon, the Chandrayaan-2 will soft-land its Lander with Rover on the lunar surface to conduct the next level of scientific studies.

ЦитироватьNellore: The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) is gearing up to launch the Chandrayaan-2 Mission in March next year, director of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Shar, P. Kunhi Krishnan told media persons on the sidelines of the Independence Day celebrations at Sriharikota, on Tuesday.

ЦитироватьIndian Space Research Organisation's second unmanned moon mission, Chandrayaan 2, will lift off in March 2018, a decade after Chandrayaan 1 was launched, Isro sources told Hindustan Times on Tuesday.

Chandrayaan 2 would be launched on a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark 2 (GSLV Mk 2) that will blast off fr om the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, sources said, refusing to disclose the exact lift-off date.

GSLV Mk 2 is the largest launch vehicle developed by India and has several successful missions to its credit, Isro website says.

Weighing 3,250kg, Chandrayaan (moon vehicle) 2 would have an orbiter, lander and rover.

The orbiter would be launched into a lunar orbit wh ere the lander will separate, make a soft landing on the moon and deploy the rover, sources said.

Спойлер

It would be an advanced version of Chandrayaan 1 that was a landmark mission for Isro, with India becoming only the fourth country to plant its flag on the moon after the US, erstwhile USSR and Japan.

Chandrayaan 1 was launched on October 22, 2008, and included a probe, impactor and orbiter. Its moon impact probe crash-landed on the lunar surface on November 14, 2008.

The mission was lauded for costing a fraction -- about $80 million -- of similar missions. The Japanese's SELENE cost $480 million.

Chandrayaan 2 is expected to cost $91 million, yet another example of Isro's "frugal engineering" — the ability to produce high-end technology at eye-poppingly low costs.

Less than a year after the launch, Chandrayaan 1 faced numerous technical difficulties and on August 29, 2009, Isro lost contact with the craft, well before the intended mission length of two years.

Despite an early end, it fulfilled almost 80% of its designated tasks.

In July 2016, scientists at Nasa's jet propulsion laboratory in California located the spacecraft. "We have been able to detect Nasa's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the Indian Space Research Organisation's Chandrayaan-1 in lunar orbit with a ground-based radar," Nasa scientist Marina Brozovic had told media.

It is still believed to be orbiting the moon 150 to 200km from the lunar surface.

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Цитировать

GSLV-F10/Chandrayaan-2 Mission

Chandrayaan-2, India's second mission to the Moon is a totally indigenous mission comprising of an Orbiter, Lander and Rover. After reaching the 100 km lunar orbit, the Lander housing the Rover will separate from the Orbiter. After a controlled descent, the Lander will soft land on the lunar surface at a specified site and deploy a Rover.

The mission will carry a six-wheeled Rover which will move around the landing site in semi-autonomous mode as decided by the ground commands. The instruments on the rover will observe the lunar surface and send back data, which will be useful for analysis of the lunar soil.

The Chandrayaan-2 weighing around 3290 kg and would orbit around the moon and perform the objectives of remote sensing the moon. The payloads will collect scientific information on lunar topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, lunar exosphere and signatures of hydroxyl and water-ice.

GSLV-F10/Chandrayaan-2 Mission is planned during first half of  2018.

ЦитироватьGSLV-MKII (F10) for Chandrayaan-II, the second Moon mission is slated for April

ЦитироватьFeb 16, 2018 05:46 PM IST | Source: PTI
Chandrayaan-2 launch in April, to aim for moon's south pole: Jitendra Singh

Chandrayaan-2 will be ISRO's first inter-planetary mission to land a rover on any celestial body.

PTI@moneycontrolcom (https://twitter.com/moneycontrolcom)



Chandrayaan-2, the lunar mission under which the ISRO will for the first time attempt to land a rover on the moon's south pole, will be launched in April, Jitendra Singh, in-charge of the Department of Space said today.

The rover of India's second lunar mission, costing nearly Rs 800 crore, will be made to land near the yet-unexplored south pole, ISRO's newly-appointed chairman K Sivan said.

"India is going to launch Chandrayaan-2 in April. It is under Chandrayaan-1 mission that the ISRO spotted water on the moon. Chandrayaan-2 is a further extension of the project and it is as good as landing a man on the moon," Singh told reporters here.

Chandrayaan-2 will be ISRO's first inter-planetary mission to land a rover on any celestial body.

Sivan noted that the window to launch the mission is between April and November this year.

"The targeted date is April. In case we miss the April date, we will launch it in November," Sivan added.

Citing the reason behind landing the rover near the south pole, Sivan said it is a "very tricky area" with rocks formed a million years ago. "It has very old rocks. This could possibly help us understand the origin of universe," he said.

ЦитироватьИндия планирует в апреле отправить к Луне автоматическую экспедицию "Чандраян-2"
НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 18 февраля. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ИСРО) планирует отправить к Луне миссию "Чандраян-2" с небольшим луноходом на борту в апреле текущего года. Об этом сообщил прессе государственный министр, курирующий в правительстве Индии атомную энергетику и космос, Джитендра Сингх.
"Индия собирается отправить "Чандраян-2" в апреле. Эта миссия следует за миссией "Чандраян-1" (запущена в 2008 году - прим. ТАСС), благодаря которой ИСРО обнаружила воду на Луне. Миссия "Чандраян-2" - дальнейшее развитие проекта, столь же значимого как приземление человека на Луне", - цитирует в воскресенье Сингха телеканал NDTV (https://www.ndtv.com/).
Госминистр отметил, что если аппарат "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, то "Чандраян-2" - гораздо более сложный проект, который предусматривает посадку на спутнике Земли и доставку на ее поверхность небольшого лунохода.
"Чандраян-2" - это сложная задача, поскольку впервые мы доставим к Луне орбитальный модуль, посадочный модуль и самоходный аппарат", - сказал Сингх, добавив, что посадка запланирована в районе Южного полюса Луны.
До сих пор только США, Россия и Китай смогли осуществить посадку на лунной поверхности. Если Индия добьется успеха, это станет огромным достижением для ИСРО, бюджет которой почти в 20 раз меньше чем у NASA. Общая стоимость проекта "Чандраян-2" составляет 8 млрд рупий (около $125 млн), добавил госминистр.

Цитироватьzandr (цитируя) пишет:
До сих пор только США, Россия и Китай смогли осуществить посадку на лунной поверхности

ЦитироватьOctober   GSLV Mk.2 • Chandrayaan 2
Launch window: TBD
Launch site: Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota, India

ЦитироватьIndia's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk. 2 (GSLV Mk.2) will launch the Chandrayaan 2 mission, India's second mission to the moon. Chandrayaan 2 will consist of an orbiter, lander and rover launched together into a high Earth orbit. The orbiter is designed to use on-board propulsion to reach the moon, then release the lander and rover. Delayed from March and April. [March 23]

ЦитироватьНЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 25 марта. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ИОКИ) перенесла с апреля на октябрь отправку к Луне беспилотной миссии "Чандраян-2" с небольшим луноходом на борту. Об этом сообщил в опубликованном в воскресенье интервью газетеThe Times of India (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/)глава ИОКИ Кайласавадиву Сиван.
"Учитывая сложности, связанные с миссией, при осуществлении которой ИОКИ впервые задействует орбитальный аппарат, вездеход и посадочный модуль, специалисты рекомендовали отложить запуск до окончания всех необходимых испытаний", - сказал он.
По словам Сивана, теперь старт планируется на первую неделю октября. Посадка аппарата запланирована в районе Южного полюса Луны.
Ранее Сиван сообщил журналистам, что эта область выбрана не случайно. По его словам, это "очень хитрое место". "Там расположены старые скалы. Их исследование могло бы помочь нам понять происхождение Вселенной", - сказал ученый.
Впрочем, есть еще одна причина, по которой "Чандраян-2" отправится к крайнему югу спутника Земли: пока еще никто не пытался серьезно исследовать этот район. Практически все лунные миссии, организованные разными государствами в прошлом, исследовали в основном регион в районе экватора Луны. Тогда как полюса остаются неизведанными.
Планируется, что высаженный в этом районе небольшой самоходный аппарат, который будет получать энергию от солнечной батареи, будет работать один лунный день (14 земных суток).
Миссия "Чандраян-2" предусматривает доставку небольшого лунохода к естественному спутнику Земли. До сих пор только США, Россия и Китай смогли осуществить посадку аппаратов на лунную поверхность. Общая стоимость проекта "Чандраян-2" составляет 8 млрд рупий (около $125 млн).

ЦитироватьИндия отложила запуск космического аппарата к Луне

10:44 25.03.2018 (обновлено: 11:40 25.03.2018 )

(https://cdn4.img.ria.ru/images/150984/40/1509844059.jpg)
© Фото : Роскосмос/Сергей Рязанский (https://www.facebook.com/sergeyiss/photos/a.870051263070998.1073741828.870038506405607/1500473390028779/?type=3&theater)

МОСКВА, 25 мар — РИА Новости. Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) перенесла на октябрь текущего года запуск к Луне космического аппарата "Чандраян-2", который ранее планировалось осуществить 23 апреля, сообщает газета Times of India (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/) со ссылкой на председателя организации.

Как заявил председатель организации К. Сиван, испытания космического аппарата продлятся еще 20 дней, в результате чего будет невозможно осуществить миссию в ранее запланированный срок. По его словам, для осуществления "идеальной миссии" было принято решение отложить ее на начало октября.

"Если ISRO начнет миссию с мая по сентябрь, из-за затмений у нас не получится использовать для экспериментов на Луне полный лунный день (около 14 земных суток). Таким образом, ISRO начнет миссию в первую неделю октября", — сказал он в интервью изданию.

Спойлер

Ранее министр юстиции по развитию Северо-Восточного региона Индии доктор Джитендра Сингх подтвердил, что Индия в 2018 году намерена отправить на Луну небольшой ровер и вывести на орбиту автоматическую межпланетную станцию "Чандраян-2". В марте К.Сиван заявил, что до отправки к Луне миссии "Чандраян-2" Индия планирует в течение ближайшего месяца запустить и вывести на орбиту Земли еще два спутника.

Проект "Чандраян-2" является продолжением индийской лунной программы, начатой аппаратом "Чандраян-1", который был запущен к Луне в октябре 2008 года. Этот аппарат проработал на лунной орбите 312 дней, а также отправил на ее поверхность ударный зонд. В рамках миссии "Чандраян-2" ISRO продолжит изучение минералогического и элементарного состава лунной поверхности. Изначально предполагалось, что эта миссия будет осуществляться при участии России, которая будет отвечать за посадочный модуль, но в 2013 году было принято решение, что все составные части будут индийскими.

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ЦитироватьIsro will launch Chandrayaan-2 in Oct 1st week after tests: Chief Dr K Sivan

Surendra Singh (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Surendra-Singh-30991123.cms) | TNN | Updated: Mar 25, 2018, 11:08 IST

NEW DELHI: Indian Space Research Organisation's Chandrayaan-2 mission, which was "originally scheduled for the April 23" will now be launched in the "first week of October".

Explaining the reason for postponing the lunar mission, Isro (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) chairman Dr K Sivan (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Dr-K-Sivan)told TOI, "Our panel of eminent space scientists comprising former Isro chairmen, top space experts and IIT (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/indian-institutes-of-technology) professors has praised our preparations for the Chandrayaan-2 mission. However, keeping in mind the complexities involved in the mission as for the first time Isro is experimenting with a orbiter, a rover and a lander, the panel recommended postponing the launch till we complete all tests and are confident of a perfect mission."

Dr Sivan said, "The original targeted date for the launch was kept on April 23. However, as the ongoing tests for the lunar mission will take 20 more days, the April 23rd date could not be met. Therefore the panel decided to defer the launch. Unlike, other satellite launches where Isro could easily defer the launch by a day or two to get a perfect mission, Isro can't do the same in this mission. This is because the ideal date for the moon launch comes only once in a month. If we skip that date of the month, we have to plan the launch next month. After skipping the April date, if Isro launches the mission in the months from May to September, we won't be able to utilise the full lunar day (14 Earth days) for experiments on the moon because of eclipses and other reasons. Therefore, Isro will launch the mission in the first week of October."

Спойлер

The Rs 800-crore Chandrayaan-2 mission is a totally indigenous mission. Once the GSLV-F10 put the spacecraft in the 170 km x 20,000 km elliptical orbit, the orbiter would be manoeuvred towards the 100-km lunar orbit by firing thrusters and then the lander housing the rover will separate from the orbiter. After a controlled descent, the lander will soft-land near the south pole of the lunar surface and deploy the rover.

During the 14 Earth days, the six-wheeled rover will have the power to move around 100-200 metre. The instruments, including a high-intensity camera, on the rover will observe the lunar surface and take images of the moon. It will send back data to the Earth via the orbiter within 15 minutes that will be useful for analysis of the lunar soil. Payloads of the 3,290kg Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft will collect scientific information on lunar topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, lunar exosphere and signatures of hydroxyl and water-ice.

Soft-landing on the lunar surface is the most challenging part of the mission. Till now, only the US, Russia and China have been able to soft-land spacecraft on the lunar surface.

Спойлер

Gsat-6A launch on March 29: With the Chandrayaan-2 mission launch deferred, Isro is currently focusing on the launch of its communication satellite Gsat-6A by GSLV-F08 rocket on March 29. Gsat-6A, with a life span of 10 years, is a high-powered S-band communication satellite weighing 2,140 kg that will provide a platform for developing technologies that will be useful for satellite-based mobile communication.

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Цитировать...
GSLV-F10/Chandrayaan-2 Mission is planned during second half of  2018.

Цитировать

(http://www.sac.gov.in/SacSliderI_Repository/Vyom/English/541/Cover.JPG)

Flag off of IIRS Payload for Chandrayaan-II

Director, SAC Shri. Tapan Misra flagged off Imaging Infrared Spectrometer (IIRS) payload for Chandrayaan-II on April 9, 2018

more (http://www.sac.gov.in/SacSliderI_Repository/Vyom/English/541/flagoff.pdf)

Цитироватьflagoff.pdf (http://www.sac.gov.in/SacSliderI_Repository/Vyom/English/541/flagoff.pdf) - 6.7 MB, 10 стр, 2018-04-09 10:28:51 UTC

ЦитироватьIndian Space Research Organisation plans to increase launch rate to 12 a year

TNN | Jul 23, 2018, 08:33 IST


S Somanath

CHENNAI: To keep pace with the rising demands of the country, Indian Space Research Organisation (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) (Isro) will increase its satellite launches to at least 12 a year, said Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Vikram-Sarabhai-Space-Centre) (VSSC) director S Somanath.

"We are also planning to ... and landing on the moon by Chandrayan II by next year," he told reporters after speaking at Sathyabama University's 27th convocation programme on Sunday.
...

ЦитироватьИндия перенесла старт лунной миссии "Чандраян-2" на 2019 год

Космос (http://tass.ru/kosmos) | 4 августа, 16:23 дата обновления:4 августа, 17:10 UTC+3

Изначально предполагалось, что автоматическая станция отправится к спутнику Земли в апреле 2018 года

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 4 августа. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ИСРО) перенесла отправку к Луне миссии "Чандраян-2" с луноходом на борту, которая была запланирована на октябрь текущего года. Как сообщает в субботу телеканал NDTV (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-delayed-israel-could-beat-india-in-race-to-moons-surface-1895221?pfrom=home-topscroll), запуск станции вероятно состоится в 2019 году.

"Дата запуска "Чандраян-2" переносится на 2019 год", - приводит телеканал слова доктора Аннадураи из Спутникового центра ИСРО. Аннадураи добавил, что старт миссии может теперь состояться в январе, в этом случае посадка индийской станции на Луне может произойти в феврале следующего года.

По данным телеканала, причиной отсрочки послужили технические затруднения. Какие именно проблемы заставили ИСРО отложить старт, пока не сообщается.

Это уже второй перенос запуска "Чандраян-2". Первоначально ожидалось, что автоматическая станция отправится к Луне в апреле 2018 года. Но в марте было объявлено, что миссия переносится на октябрь.

Спойлер

"Чандраян-2" продолжит индийскую лунную программу, которую начал аппарат "Чандраян-1", отправленный к спутнику Земли в 2008 году. Если "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, то миссия "Чандраян-2" предусматривает посадку на спутнике Земли и доставку на ее поверхность небольшого лунохода. До сих пор только США, Россия и Китай смогли осуществить мягкую посадку на поверхности Луны.

Израиль может обогнать Индию

Как отмечает NDTV, очередной перенос старта лунной миссии может привести к тому, что в лунной гонке Индию может обогнать Израиль, который также намерен отправить на Луну автоматический посадочный модуль. Планируется, что израильский аппарат сможет сесть на спутнике Земли в начале следующего года. В этом случае Индия станет не четвертой, а пятой страной в гонке за лунными рекордами. Игра будет идти на часы - кто станет четвертым государством на Луне, отмечает телеканал.

Как ранее сообщил журналистам глава ИСРО, доктор Кайласавадиву Сиван, в настоящее время около сотни ведущих специалистов и инженеров Индийской организации космических исследований работают над лунным проектом. Индийский аппарат, как планируется, приземлится в районе Южного полюса Луны. Практически все лунные миссии, организованные разными государствами в прошлом, исследовали в основном регион в районе экватора спутника Земли. Тогда как полюса остаются неизведанными.

Высаженный в этом районе небольшой самоходный аппарат, который будет получать энергию от солнечной батареи, должен проработать один лунный день (14 земных суток). За это время он пройдет небольшое расстояние и сможет собрать, а затем передать на Землю важную информацию о лунном грунте, указывают индийские ученые.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьSoft-landing challenges keep Chandrayaan-2 grounded
Aug 5, 2018, 23:35 IST

Chennai: New challenges in soft-landing a heavier lander and a rover on the moon have forced Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) to make considerable improvements to Chandrayaan-2, delaying the launch beyond this year.

The national committee that reviewed Chandrayaan-2 in March this year felt soft-landing would be a tricky proposition unless some improvements are made to the lander.

"We decided to add another liquid engine to the lander, revisit the mission sequence and conduct more tests. We realized that the deadlines set earlier were impossible to meet," said a senior scientist present at the review.

The Chandrayaan-2 team also decided to have more electronic packages as standby. These additions increased the weight of the spacecraft.

"We could still carry this extra weight using an upgraded version of GSLV-MII, but we decided to go in for GSLV-MIII. And once this was decided, we could build in more redundancies for a safer flight as GSLV-MIII could take much more," said a scientist. In effect, the ground mass of Chandrayaan-2 went up from 3,250kg to 3,850kg.

Спойлер

The lander weight went up from 1,250kg to about 1,350, the six-wheeled rover's weight from 20kg to 25kg. For every extra kilogram of the payload, the lift-off weight of the vehicle increases by 4kg, as more propellent is needed.

"Soft-landing is a big process," said one of the scientists. "The orbiter (that carries the lander and the rover) will be moving at 6,000kmph around the moon. From this speed, we have to bring the lander to touch down gently on a terrain that it will be able to assess only immediately before the landing," another scientist said.

A senior member of the Chandrayaan-2 team said the first turning point was when Russian space agency Roscosmos, which was to provide the lander, met with a failure in a joint venture with China on a mars mission.

"The failed system was similar to the lander Russia had promised us. They had to make changes which added to the weight, and we decided to make our own lander," he said.

Before finalizing GSLV-MIII as the Chandrayaan-2 launcher, Isro had decided to 'uprate' GSLV-MII. "We had to uprate the cryogenic system and the liquid engine," said the review panel member. "But then, we cannot afford to fly Chandrayaan as a test flight of the uprated GSLV-MII. Hence we have decided to use GSLV-MIII. There is a MIII launch scheduled in a couple of months. That launch will give us the confidence to go ahead with Chandrayaan-2."

The launch, scheduled for December 2016, missed three deadlines and was last planned for October this year. Further delay of Chandrayaan-2 may help Israel, which is planning a moon mission in December, to beat India and be the fourth nation to soft-land on the lunar surface, after the US, Russia and China.

Isro is treading cautiously after two satellite mission failures in less than a year. Navigation satellite IRNSS-1H got stuck in the heat shield in August, 2017 and Gsat-6A communication satellite went out of control soon after the launch in April this year.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьIndia's moon mission Chandrayaan-2 launch delayed again
James Marshall | August 7, 2018

Спойлер

The launch of the mission was first arranged in April. This delay may now give Israel an opportunity to edge past India with its moon landing. Not long ago, the ISRO had propelled GSAT-6A, a military correspondence satellite, yet lost correspondence with it. The Israel mission will be utilising the American Falcon-9 rocket expecting to soft land on the moon on February 13, 2019. The rover of India's second lunar mission, costing nearly Rs. 800 crores, will be made to arrive close to the yet-unexplored south post. If they manage to make it to the Moon before ISRO, it will be the fourth country to land a robot on the Moon after the USA, Russia, and China.

[свернуть]

Chandrayaan-2 (Chandra: Moon / Yaan: Vehicle) India's second mission to the moon has been delayed until January 2019 because of technical glitches. As the weight of the Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft has increased, according to the source, GSLV Mk III or Isro's "fat boy", not GSLV Mk II, will now carry the spacecraft as it has the lifting capability of over four tonnes. A GSLV Mk III launch costs around Rs 4 billion and it also entails years of research and development.

Спойлер

Chandrayaan-2 is a model consisting of the orbiter, lander, and rover.

"Orbital module is completely ready and tested, and, as for lander, he passes the test". He needed five engines to be used for the gradual lowering and landing on the moon. tests continue in the simulated environment of the moon. The rover will leave a permanent imprint of India's flag and emblem on moon's surface.

ISRO had launched its maiden lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. But it did crash land on the moon surface through the Moon Impact Probe (MIP) on November 14, 2008, through what is called a hard landing on the lunar surface.

So far, Russia, the USA and China have successfully soft landed a rover on the moon and now India and Israel are scrambling against each other take the fourth spot in the prestigious club. It was followed by the United States through its Surveyor-1 spacecraft that soft landed on the moon on June 2, 1966. It will aim to deploy a 6-wheeled rover on Lunar surface from a height of 100 km in Lunar orbit.

[свернуть]

The Indian spacecraft is scheduled to land near the South pole of the moon.

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 Lander to be named 'Vikram' after Sarabhai

Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479220652.cms) | TNN | Aug 12, 2018, 16:09 IST

BENGALURU: The lander on the Chandrayaan-2 mission, which is scheduled to be launched early next year, will be named 'Vikram' after Vikram Sarabhai, the father of Indian space programme. The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) has got clearance from the space commission, its chairman Sivan K said on Sunday.

This mission, unlike Chandrayaan-1 which only orbited the Moon, involves a Lander soft-landing on the lunar surface and unloading a Rover to study and take measurements from the Moon, while the orbiter will go around the Earth's satellite.

"We've got the permission and this will be part of a series of things planned as part of the centenary celebrations of Vikram Sarabhai next year," Sivan said, after unveiling Sarabhai's bust at the Isro headquarters here.


Unveiling of Sarabhai's bust at the Isro headquarters in Bengaluru. (TOI photo)

...

ЦитироватьИндия намерена проводить по два космических запуска ежемесячно

Космос (http://tass.ru/kosmos) | 13 августа, 9:33 дата обновления:13 августа, 9:50 UTC+3

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 13 августа. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ИСРО) планирует произвести в течение ближайших 16 месяцев 31 космический запуск, что составит примерно по две миссии ежемесячно, начиная с сентября. Об этом сообщил журналистам в Бангалоре глава ИСРО доктор Кайласавадиву Сиван.

....

Лунная миссия

Доктор Сиван сообщил прессе, что запуск к Луне автоматической станции "Чандраян-2" пока запланирован на январь 2019 года, но эта дата может измениться.

"Мы запланировали отправить миссию "Чандраян-2" 3 января. Мы определили эту дату и нацелены на нее. Но окно еще открыто. Мы можем еще отсрочить (запуск) и на март", - приводит в свою очередь слова главы ИСРО газета The Asian Age.

Причина отсрочки лунной экспедиции в том, что пришлось вносить важные изменения в конструкцию посадочного модуля, чтобы он мог легко сесть на поверхность Луны, что привело к увеличению массы всей станции, рассказал Сиван.

Первоначально планировалось, что индийская автоматическая станция отправится к Луне в апреле 2018 года. Но в марте было объявлено, что миссия переносится на октябрь, однако в начале августа ИСРО сообщила, что старт лунной экспедиции вновь отсрочен.

"Чандраян-2" продолжит индийскую лунную программу, которую начал аппарат "Чандраян-1", отправленный к спутнику Земли в 2008 году. Если "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, то "Чандраян-2" - гораздо более сложный проект, который предусматривает посадку на спутнике Земли и доставку на ее поверхность небольшого лунохода. До сих пор только США, Россия и Китай смогли осуществить мягкую посадку на поверхности Луны, напоминает издание.

ЦитироватьDoordarshan News‏Подлинная учетная запись @DDNewsLive (https://twitter.com/DDNewsLive) 10 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/DDNewsLive/status/1034330684049911809)

January 3 to February 16, 2019 is the window for launch of #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash): @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) chairman, K. Sivan

Цитировать  Sidhant Sibal‏ @sidhant (https://twitter.com/sidhant)
India plans second mission to Moon in Jan., 2019 says ISRO
 
0:53 - 28 авг. 2018 г.  नई दिल्ली, भारत (https://twitter.com/search?q=place%3A317fcc4b21a604d5)  

ЦитироватьIsro now looking at January 30 for Chandrayaan-2 launch
TNN | Oct 4, 2018, 08.14 PM IST



BENGALURU: January 30, and not January 3 as Isro had earlier indicated, will be the most optimal date for the launch of Chandrayaan-2, India's second mission to the Moon.

The review committee had looked into three dates that were considered best in the January-to-March window available for the launch. "One could achieve a launch on any date during this window, but generally scientists study various prospects and pick a date that is the best," one scientist explained. 

TOI has reliably learnt that the committee looked at January 3, January 30, and February 14. After all deliberations, it was said: "January 30 will be a good option for Chandrayaan-2 launch since there is a 27 kg propellant advantage with respect to January 3 launch." 

Спойлер

Chandrayaan-2, unlike the first mission, involves a soft-landing on the lunar surface and unloading a rover to study and take measurements on the Moon, while an orbiter will go around the Earth's satellite. 

Initially, the project was to be a joint mission with Russia, whose space agency Roscosmos was to supply the lander. However, that deal fell through and Isro decided to go solo.

The agreed parameters of the GSLV, tests required for the 'Vikas' engine, and a need to carry out all hardware and software failure test scenarios were among other things discussed in the Comprehensive Technical Review (CTR) on September 19.

"The new configuration has seen a host of new systems being added, for which the algorithms will also change," one source working with the project said.

5th Engine

The committee also looked into two issues of the crucial fifth engine that has been added as part of the new configuration of the Lander- the thermal management and prevention of hot gas entry to engine chamber through the nozzle exit.

TOI had reported in September that among the many challenges that Isro has to overcome was the fact that this engine, without which the project will not work in the new configuration, had to be requalified. The engine had failed a test earlier this year, but Isro chairman K Sivan had clarified: "The test was done wrongly, the engine is fine and we will be able to use it."

For the heat management, a conical heat shield has been preferred, which the project team has said can be accommodated, while several options are being worked out for the issue of hot gas entry.

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ЦитироватьKey payload for Chandrayaan-2 leaves for Bengaluru
TNN | Oct 8, 2018, 01.00 PM IST



BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro), said that a key payload for India's second moon mission- Chandrayaan-2 has left the Satellite Application Centre (SAC) in Ahmedabad, where it was developed, for UR Rao Satellite Centre in Bengaluru, which will be responsible for the testing and integration.

"The Lander Ka Band Radar Altimeter and HDA Processor was flagged off from SAC to UR Rao Satellite Centre. Ka Band Radar Altimeter and HDA Processor is one of the key payloads of Chandryaan-2," Isro said.

Спойлер

Isro is presently finalising some changes in the configuration, which was revised only this year after a committee of experts found that the landing profile was not conceived in the most optimal way, among other things.

While Isro chairman Sivan K has announced January 3 as the date of launch, the most recent review meeting on Chandrayaan-2, held on September 19, has suggested that January 30 may be more ideal.

The TOI has been tracking Chandrayaan-2 closely and broken several developments, including the decision that the Lander, which according to the original plan was to land soon after separating from the payload, is to now orbit around the moon before landing.

Chandrayaan-2, unlike the first mission, involves a Lander soft-landing on the lunar surface and unloading a Rover to study and take measurements from the Moon, while the orbiter will go around the Earth's satellite. Initially, the project was to be a joint mission with Russian, whose space agency Roscosmos was to supply the lander. However, that deal fell through and Isro decided to go solo.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьGSLV MK-III cryo engine to be used to launch Chandrayaan-2 tested
TNN | Oct 12, 2018, 07.57 PM IST



BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro), on Friday said it has successfully tested the Cryogenic Engine (CE-20) for GSLV Mk-III, which is earmarked for the launch of India's second moon mission, Chandrayaan-2. The test was done on October 11.

The GSLV MK-III vehicle's upper stage is powered by the CE-20, which operates on a gas generator cycle using a combination of liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) propellants.

The fifth hardware of CE-20 integrated engine designated as E6 is earmarked for GSLV Mk-III M1-Chandrayaan 2 mission. According to Isro, the "flight acceptance hot test" test lasted 25 seconds, and it was conducted at the High Altitude Test facility, Isro Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri. "The test demonstrated steady state operation of engine and the performance of all engine subsystems were observed to be normal during the hot test," Isro said.

Спойлер

"The major subsystems of the engine are thrust chamber, gas generator, LOX and LH2 turbo pumps, igniters, thrust and mixture ratio control systems, Start-up system, control components and pyro valves," Isro said, adding that the CE-20 develops a nominal thrust of 186.36 kN with a specific impulse of 442 seconds in vacuum.

Chandrayaan-2, unlike the first mission, involves a Lander soft-landing on the lunar surface and unloading a Rover to study and take measurements from the Moon, while the orbiter will go around the Earth's satellite.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьOct 12, 2018

ISRO successfully tests Cryogenic Engine (CE-20) for GSLV Mk-III / Chandrayaan-2 Mission

The upper stage of GSLV MK-III vehicle is powered by Cryogenic Engine (CE)-20 which develops a nominal thrust of 186.36 kN with a specific impulse of 442 seconds in vacuum. The engine operates on gas generator cycle using LOX / LH2 propellants combination. The major subsystems of the engine are thrust chamber, gas generator, LOX and LH2 turbo pumps, igniters, thrust & mixture ratio control systems, Start-up system, control components and pyro valves. The fifth hardware of CE-20 integrated engine designated as E6 is earmarked for GSLV Mk-III M1-Chandrayaan 2 mission.

The flight acceptance hot test of E6 engine was successfully tested for 25 seconds at High Altitude Test facility, ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri on October 11, 2018. The test demonstrated steady state operation of engine. The performance of all engine subsystems were observed to be normal during the hot test.

ЦитироватьДата пуска индийской станции "Чандраян-2" к Луне еще не определена
НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 2 января. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) сообщила, что предварительно анонсированный на 3 января старт индийской миссии "Чандраян-2" к Луне в этот день не состоится, точная дата старта будет объявлена позже. Как рассказал прессе глава ISRO доктор Кайласавадиву Сиван, она будет определена специалистами к середине января.
"Прямо сейчас я не могу назвать дату. Мы сможем принять решение по этому вопросу в течение 10-12 дней", - цитирует в среду Сивана новостной портал Firstpost (https://www.firstpost.com/).
Это уже не первая отсрочка старта автоматической лунной экспедиции. Первоначально планировалось, что индийская станция отправится к Луне в апреле 2018 года. Но в марте было объявлено, что миссия переносится на октябрь, однако в начале августа ISRO сообщила, что старт лунной экспедиции вновь переносится - предварительно на 3 января 2019 года. Затем ряд индийских СМИ называли дату 30 января, однако пока официального подтверждения она не получила.
Доктор Сиван добавил, что индийские специалисты делают все, чтобы аппарат отправился к спутнику Земли как можно скорее. Он не назвал причину отсрочки.
Первый индийский луноход
"Чандраян-2" продолжит индийскую лунную программу, которую начал аппарат "Чандраян-1", отправленный к спутнику Земли в 2008 году. Но "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, тогда как "Чандраян-2" - гораздо более сложный проект, который предусматривает мягкую посадку на спутник Земли и доставку на лунную поверхность небольшого лунохода.
Как ранее сообщала ISRO, спускаемый аппарат должен совершить прилунение в районе Южного полюса: пока еще никто не пытался серьезно исследовать этот район. Практически все миссии, организованные разными государствами в прошлом, исследовали в основном регион в районе лунного экватора.
Планируется, что небольшой самоходный аппарат, который будет получать энергию от солнечной батареи, будет работать по меньшей мере один лунный день (14 земных суток). По данным ISRO, общая стоимость проекта "Чандраян-2" составляет около $125 млн.

ЦитироватьISRO'S CHANDRAYAAN-2 MOON MISSION DELAYED A THIRD TIME, NEW LAUNCH DATE UNCLEAR

We will be able to decide on a launch date for Chandrayaan-2 in about 10 to 12 days: ISRO Chairman.

JAN 02, 2019 15:34 PM IST

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has confirmed that the agency will not be launching Chandrayaan-2, its second lunar mission, on 3 January as announced earlier. For the time being, the agency doesn't have a confirmed date for launch.

With the many launches that were lined up in the second half of 2018, work on the moon mission was affected, reports (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-not-to-blast-off-on-jan-3-isro-yet-to-fix-launch-date/articleshow/67331218.cms) The Times of India.

"At the moment, I cannot comment on the date. We will be able to decide on that in about 10 to 12 days," ISRO Chairman K Sivan said, according to the report.

This is the third delay that Chandrayaan-2's launch has seen since the project was announced – the first was in December 2016 and the second occured in October 2018.

ISRO is now scrambling to launch the mission at the earlier possible date in 2019, with the current window open from the first week of January to 16 February.

Chandrayaan-2 (https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/chandrayaan-2-likely-to-be-launched-on-3-january-2019-says-isro-chief-k-sivan-5199071.html), as well as China's ongoing Chang'e-4 moon mission (https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/chinas-change-4-spacecraft-launched-in-worlds-first-mission-to-moons-far-side-5694571.html), are aiming to achieve unique firsts in lunar exploration. At the time this story was written, the Chinese probe was positioned to land a lunar rover on the "far side" of the moon (https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/why-is-chinas-change-4-lunar-mission-to-the-far-side-of-the-moon-a-big-deal-5717731.html) – the hemisphere that's always turned away from the Earth that has yet to be studied by a mission on the surface.

Chandrayaan-2, also a pioneering mission in its own right, is attempting to release its lander 'Vikram' (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-second-lunar-mission-to-land-on-moon-with-lander-rover-isro/story-vqoGvAyk6hHuUL4SDa17GJ.html) on a previously unexplored region near the moon's South pole. Vikram and the rover on Chandrayaan-2 will touchdown at a site 600 kilometres from the lunar South pole.

If successful, the Chandrayaan-2 mission will be the first time a spacecraft lands so far from the lunar equator.

What is Chandrayaan-2 designed to study? What will it do once on the moon?  Here's all the lunar science Chandrayaan-2 (https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/10-years-after-chandrayaan-1-mission-moon-lander-chandrayaan-2-awaits-liftoff-5420901.html) is aiming to work out.

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 not to blast off on Jan 3, Isro yet to fix launch datet
Chethan Kumar | TNN | Updated: Jan 1, 2019, 11:52 IST

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organization (Isro) confirmed — as Chinese space probe Chang'e 4 on Sunday moved into position to land on the far, unexplored side of the Moon — that it would not launch its second lunar mission, Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2), on January 3 as announced earlier.

The space agency, which is scrambling to launch the mission in the first available window in 2019, does not have a launch date as yet.

Isro chairman Sivan K told TOI that the agency was busy with multiple launches in the second half of 2018 and this affected work on the moon mission. "At this moment I cannot comment on the date," he said. "We will be able to decide on that in about 10 to 12 days."

Both Chang'e 4 and Chandrayaan-2 will aim to achieve "firsts" on the lunar soil. While the Chinese probe will be the first to land on the far or 'dark' side of the Moon, the hemisphere that always faces away from Earth, the lander from Chandrayaan-2 will touch down in an unexplored area near the lunar South Pole.

Xinhua news agency (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Xinhua-news-agency) reported that Chang'e 4 had entered a planned orbit on Sunday to prepare for the first-ever soft landing on the far side of the moon, but did not specify when the landing would take place.

Isro is preparing to launch Chandrayaan-2, which missed two planned launch windows in 2017 and 2018, in a window from the first week of January to February 16.

ЦитироватьISRO Says Chandrayaan-2 Moon Mission Launch Planned for Mid-April
Press Trust of India, 11 January 2019

The launch of India's second Moon mission, Chandrayaan-2, is planned for the middle of April this year, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chairman K Sivan announced Friday.

ISRO (https://gadgets.ndtv.com/tags/isro) had earlier said Chandrayaan-2 (https://gadgets.ndtv.com/tags/chandrayaan-2) will be launched in a window between January-February 16 this year. The mission, costing nearly Rs. 800 crores, is an advanced version of the previous Chandrayaan-1 (https://gadgets.ndtv.com/tags/chandrayaan) mission about 10 years ago. "Regarding Chandrayaan-2 schedule, right now Chandrayaan is scheduled from March 25 to April end. Most probably, the normal targeted date is April middle," Sivan told reporters in Bengaluru.

He said the space agency had earlier planned to launch the spacecraft sometime between January and February but it could not materialise because certain tests could not be conducted. "Once we missed the February target, next available target is April. Right now it is planned for April," the ISRO chief added.
...

ЦитироватьИндия в четвертый раз отложила запуск своей лунной экспедиции
НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 3 апр - РИА Новости. Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) приняла решение вновь отложить отправку к Луне автоматической экспедиции "Чандраян-2" с небольшим луноходом на борту - на этот раз до мая текущего года, заявил глава ISRO Кайласавадиву Сиван.
"В мае мы намерены запустить ракету PSLVC-46, а вслед за ней - PSLVC-47 и миссию "Чандраян-2", - сказал Сиван, слова которого приводит газета Times of India. Он не сообщил, по каким причинам было принято решение о новом переносе сроков отправки лунной экспедиции.
Изначально планировалось, что экспедиция отправится к Луне в апреле 2018 года, однако затем было объявлено, что миссия переносится на октябрь, после - на январь 2019 года, а впоследствии - на апрель. До сих пор причины переноса ни разу официально не озвучивались.

Спойлер

Проект "Чандраян-2" является продолжением индийской лунной программы, начатой аппаратом "Чандраян-1", который был запущен к Луне в октябре 2008 года. Этот аппарат проработал на лунной орбите 312 дней, а также отправил на ее поверхность ударный зонд. В рамках миссии "Чандраян-2" ISRO продолжит изучение минералогического и элементарного состава лунной поверхности.
Изначально задумывалось, что эта миссия будет осуществляться при участии России, которая будет отвечать за посадочный модуль, но в 2013 году было принято решение, что все составные части будут индийскими.
Индия развивает собственную космическую программу с 1947 года, когда получила независимость. Работа ведется под руководством правительственного департамента космических исследований. Непосредственная организация работ по координации деятельности различных организаций и фирм в рамках комической программы, а также по созданию ракетно-космической техники возложена на ISRO (до 1969 года Индийский национальный комитет космических исследований).

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ЦитироватьISRO likely to postpone Chandrayaan-2 launch as scientists scramble to meet revised deadline

There were reports earlier that ISRO's second moon lander, titled 'Vikram', had suffered damage during preliminary tests ahead of the original plan for an April launch.

Published: 09th April 2019 01:40 AM  |   Last Upd ated: 09th April 2019 08:31 AM

By Dhinesh Kallungal (http://www.newindianexpress.com/author/Dhinesh-Kallungal)
Express News Service

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: Chandrayaan-2, the second mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to the moon, is likely to be delayed further and, in all likelihood, will be held in July.

ISRO officers are reportedly working to meet the revised target of July to launch Chandrayaan- 2 with a lander and rover.

However, ISRO chairman K Sivan refused to acknowledge the new date se t by ISRO, saying that making any statement regarding the project would constitute to a violation of the Model Code of Conduct which is in force in view of the Lok Sabha elections.

There were reports earlier that ISRO's second moon lander – titled 'Vikram' as a tribute to the pioneer of India's space programme and former ISRO chairman Vikram Sarabhai – had suffered damage during preliminary tests ahead of the original plan for an April launch.

However, officers close to ISRO said this happened some time back and the issues were all solved.

Earlier, ISRO had announced the lunar mission with a lander and rover will be attempted in January- February window. It was later revised to March-April window.

Now, ISRO is bracing itself to conduct the mission in July as the June-July window is ideal for the same with July being more suitable for landing on the lunar surface, said a senior officer

Specs and function

Спойлер

Costing around Rs 800 crore, the Chandrayaan-2 mission will be held over a decade after the first mission Chandrayaan-1 which was launched on October 22, 2008, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.

The 3,890-kg Chandrayaan-2 will have an orbiter (satellite), a lander and a rover, and, as per the plan, will be launched onboard the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) Mk-3. It will orbit around the moon to study and collect data on its topography, mineralogy and exosphere.

Officers, the lander and rover will separate from the spacecraft when it reaches the lunar orbit and will make a soft landing on the lunar surface. The instruments attached to the rover will study and observe the moon surface. In the first mission in 2008, the impact probe had crashlanded on the moon surface on November 14, 2008 and lost its direction.

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ChACE-2 dispatched

The Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), Thiruvananthapuram, has dispatched the ChACE-2 payload to integrate it with the spacecraft.

SPL Director Radhika Ramachandran confirmed the Neutral Mass Spectrometer (ChACE-2), which was developed to conduct a detailed study of the lunar exosphere and is one of the key payloads for the second moon mission, was dispatched from SPL, Thiruvananthapuram, for integration.

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 39 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1123612384336027650)

#ISROMissions (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISROMissions?src=hash)

We are ready for one of the most exciting missions, #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash). Launch window between July 9-16 & likely Moon-landing on Sept 6, 2019. #GSLVMKIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMKIII?src=hash) will carry 3 modules of this #lunarmission (https://twitter.com/hashtag/lunarmission?src=hash) - Orbiter, Lander (Vikram), Rover (Pragyan).

More updates soon.

ЦитироватьMay 01, 2019

PRESS RELEASE ON CHANDRAYAAN-2

Chandrayaan-2, India's second lunar mission, has three modules namely Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) & Rover (Pragyan). The Orbiter and Lander modules will be interfaced mechanically and stacked together as an integrated module and accommodated inside the GSLV MK-III launch vehicle. The Rover is housed inside the Lander. After launch into earth bound orbit by GSLV MK-III, the integrated module will reach Moon orbit using Orbiter propulsion module. Subsequently, Lander will separate from the Orbiter and soft land at the predetermined site close to lunar South Pole. Further, the Rover will roll out for carrying out scientific experiments on the lunar surface. Instruments are also mounted on Lander and Orbiter for carrying out scientific experiments.

All the modules are getting ready for Chandrayaan-2 launch during the  window of July 09, to July 16, 2019, with an expected Moon landing on September 06, 2019.

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2: With 2 months to go, only orbiter is mission ready so far

Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479220652.cms) | TNN | Updated: May 5, 2019, 20:09 IST

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organisation (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) (Isro) on Wednesday announced it is looking to launch Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) between July 9 and July 16, with the Moon landing (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Moon-landing) expected in September. However, with just about 60 days left for the proposed launch date, only one of the three key modules of Chandrayaan-2, India's second lunar mission, is ready.

Sources in Isro said that of the three crucial modules of the mission — the Orbiter, Lander and Rover — only the Orbiter (the satellite) is mission ready, with several tests still keeping the other two on test beds.

It is noteworthy that the Lander (Vikram) and the Rover (Pragyan) are modules Isro has no past experience in making, while it has already built and operated a satellite to go around the Moon as part of Chandrayaan-1 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-1).

"The orbiter has attained MOR (mission operation readiness) status, the rover and lander haven't gone so far yet. The instruments on Pragyan, including the camera, are being tested at the Lunar Terrain Test Facility (LTTF) at the Isro Spacecraft Integration Test Establishment (Isite). Data fr om these instruments is being collected. For instance, we are taking images from the camera and making models," the source said.

While Pragyan too has seen a smooth transition from the design on paper to the actual module, Vikram has been a concern for Isro with the design changed multiple times. Among several hiccups faced by Vikram, its qualification model, as reported by TOI in April, had suffered some damages during an earlier drop test.

"The review and redesign is now complete, which means that several new tests will now have to been done," the source said. Isro chairman Sivan K had earlier said that the damage during the drop test was caused because of wrong configuration and orientation of the test.

Key Lander Test

With the review and redesign now complete, the space agency has moved the qualification model of Vikram to Byalalu, wh ere it owns huge land as part of the Isro Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (Istrac).

"We will conduct the Landing Terminal Detailed Test (LTDT), which is likely to begin Monday and go on for at least a week," the source said.

The TOI has learnt that Vikram will be tested at a height of only a few metres, to check for hovering and horizontal movement. "There may finally even be a touchdown test, but that will depend on the ground condition. The initial tests will see the lander hanging by a construction crane with the engine turned on. We will be measuring the velocity and the force," the source said.

Sivan, while confirming that the lander will be tested, said: "There is a lot of curiosity about this mission and we will give out more details in the first week of June. We are also going to show Chandrayaan to the people through you (media)."

ЦитироватьMay 09, 2019

Chandrayaan - 2 Update

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 will carry 14 payloads to moon, no foreign module this time

Surendra Singh (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Surendra-Singh-30991123.cms) | TNN | Updated: May 10, 2019, 11:32 IST

NEW DELHI: Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) mission involving a lander, a rover and an orbiter and whose launch is scheduled between July 9 and July 16 will carry 14 payloads. These payloads (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/payloads) or experimental modules will be used to perform scientific tests and take images of the moon (http://www.speakingtree.in/topics/universe/moon) when the spacecraft reaches the lunar orbit (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/lunar-orbit) and subsequently the lunar surface. While the orbiter will carry eight payloads, the lander called Vikram will have four and the rover named Pragyan, which will roll out on the moon's surface, will have two payloads.

Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft, whose mass will be 3.8 tonne, is expected to land on the moon on September 6, an update in Isro (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) website says. Unlike last time when Chandrayaan-1 mission (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-1-mission), launched in 2008, carried five foreign payloads (three from Europe and two from the US), the Rs 800 crore second mission will carry only Indian payloads.

The orbiter and lander modules will be stacked as an integrated module and accommodated inside an advanced GSLV MK-III (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/GSLV-MK-III) launch vehicle. The rover will be housed inside the lander. After the launch from Sriharikota (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/south-asia-satellite) into the earth-bound orbit by GSLV MK-III between July 9 and 16, the integrated module will reach the moon orbit using an orbiter propulsion module. After a journey from the earth to the moon in 45-50 days, the module will arrive in the lunar orbit, around 100 km from the moon's surface.



Once Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft reaches the lunar orbit, Vikram will separate from the orbiter and soft-land at the predetermined site close to the south pole, which had not been explored by other countries.

Talking to TOI earlier, Isro chairman K Sivan said, "Once Vikram lands on the lunar surface on September 6, rover Prayan will come out of it and roll out on the lunar surface for 300-400 metre. It will spend 14 earth days on the moon for carrying out different scientific experiments." The rover will analyse the content of the lunar surface and send data and images back to the Earth through the orbiter within 15 minutes, he said.

The launch of India's second lunar mission was initially planned in April last year but Isro kept deferring it because of the complexities involved in the mission. In fact, the four-legged Vikram lander suffered a fracture in one of its legs during a test earlier this year. India had also almost lost the race to Israel to become the fourth country in the world after Russia, US and China to land the spacecraft on the moon. However, with Israel's Beresheet failing to land on the moon on April 12 this year, Chandrayaan-2's moon-landing on September 6, if successful, will make India the fourth country in the world to land on the moon.

Chandrayaan-2 will explore the south pole, an uncharted territory. Only China's Chang'e 4 spacecraft had recently in January landed on the moon's far side, also known as the dark side because it faces away from the Earth and remains comparatively unknown.

India's first moon mission Chandrayaan-1, which involved only an orbiter and weighed 1.4 tonne, was launched on October 22, 2008. Then the lunar craft carried 11 payloads, six from India, three from Europe and two from the US.

The payloads in Chandrayaan-2 not only discovered water on the moon but also mapped 3D topography of the moon. The spacecraft made more than 3,400 orbits around the moon during which it took hundreds of images of the moon. The Rs 386-crore Chandrayaan-1 mission concluded when the communication with the spacecraft was lost on August 29, 2009. Chandrayaan-1 operated for 312 days as opposed to the intended two years but the mission achieved 95% of its planned objectives.

ЦитироватьMay 14, 2019

Chandrayaan - 2 Update

ЦитироватьMay 15, 2019

Benefits of Chandrayaan-2

Цитировать16 МАЯ, 13:11
В Индии заявили, что миссия "Чандраян-2" поможет NASA измерить точное расстояние до Луны

Комплект лазерного отражателя, предоставленный NASA, будет пассивным экспериментальным модулем на борту аппарата, отметил глава индийской Организации космических исследований Кайласавадиву Сиван

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 16 мая. /ТАСС/. Индийская автоматическая лунная экспедиция "Чандраян-2", старт которой теперь назначен на июль этого года, доставит на спутник Земли оборудование, которое предоставляет Национальное управление США по аэронавтике и исследованию космического пространства (NASA). Как сообщил прессе глава индийской Организации космических исследований (ISRO) Кайласавадиву Сиван, американское космическое агентство будет использовать этот модуль, чтобы определить точное расстояние между Землей и ее спутником.

"Комплект лазерного отражателя, предоставленный NASA, будет пассивным экспериментальным модулем на борту "Чандраян-2". Американские ученые будут использовать его для измерения расстояния между Землей и Луной. Этот прибор, который будет установлен на посадочном модуле, сможет также точно указать местоположение станции, севшей на поверхности Луны", - цитирует в среду Сивана газета The Times of India (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/).

Он рассказал, что NASA обратилось к Нью-Дели с просьбой взять на борт станции этот модуль в июле прошлого года, в минувшем сентябре ISRO дала положительный ответ.

Спойлер

Ранее планировалось, что миссия "Чандраян-2" отправится к спутнику Земли в мае текущего года. Это уже не первый перенос начала экспедиции, изначально ожидалось, что индийская автоматическая станция отправится к Луне в апреле 2018 года. Но затем было объявлено, что миссия переносится на октябрь 2018 года, потом на январь 2019 года, а позднее на апрель и май 2019 года. Теперь ISRO говорит об июле. Причины переноса сроков старта экспедиции официально пока не сообщаются.

Аппарат "Чандраян-2" должен продолжить индийскую лунную программу, которую начал аппарат "Чандраян-1", отправленный к спутнику Земли в 2008 году. Если "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, то аппарат "Чандраян-2" - гораздо более сложный проект, который предусматривает посадку на спутнике Земли и доставку на ее поверхность небольшого индийского лунохода, который должен проработать на лунной поверхности не менее одного лунного дня (14 земных суток). Кроме того, станция должна доставить более 10 индийских приборов для исследования Луны.

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ЦитироватьAfter Mars, Venus on Isro's planetary travel list

U Tejonmayam (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-U-Tejonmayam-479237901.cms) | TNN | Upd ated: May 18, 2019, 12:18 IST

SRIHARIKOTA: ...

For this year, Isro's biggest mission, Chandrayaan-2 is all se t for a July launch. Sivan said the spacecraft, including the orbitor, lander and rover, will be flight-ready by the end of May. "The components are in the final stages of testing. Though we would be ready by end of May, we have to wait till July due to an eclipse," he said.

ЦитироватьIndia plans July launch of Chandrayaan 2 moon mission
May 23, 2019 (https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/05/) | Stephen Clark (https://spaceflightnow.com/author/stephen-clark/)

Indian engineers hope to launch the country's first robotic lunar lander between July 9 and July 16 on India's most powerful rocket, the head of the Indian space agency said this week.

The robotic Chandrayaan 2 mission will launch on the heaviest rocket in India's inventory, the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.3, fr om the country's spaceport on Sriharikota Island, located on the coast with the Bay of Bengal around 50 miles (80 kilometers) north Chennai.

The mission's week-long launch period opens July 9, according to K. Sivan, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization. Chandrayaan 2 is the next mission on India's launch calendar after Wednesday's liftoff of a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle carrying the RISAT 2B radar observation satellite.

"The next mission is the most complex mission ISRO has ever undertaken, that is the Chandrayaan 2 mission," Sivan said in remarks after Wednesday's launch of RISAT 2B. "It is not only a launch mission. We are going to land precisely at a place wh ere nobody's ever gone. This is challenging for the whole ISRO team. I don't have any doubt that team ISRO will achieve the target of this mission, with the precision of what we're aiming for."

The launch of Chandrayaan 2 would come just shy of the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 and landing.

Chandrayaan 2 consists of three segments, an orbiter module to guide the spacecraft to the moon, a descent stage to land on the lunar surface, and a rover to scout the landing site in the southern lunar highlands.

If the launch occurs in the July window, Chandrayaan 2's landing is scheduled for Sept. 6, Sivan said.

The mission will be India's first attempt at a lunar landing, seeking to become the fourth country to accomplish a soft landing on the moon after the former Soviet Union, the United States and China.


An infographic on the Chandrayaan 1 and Chandrayaan 2 missions. Credit: ISRO

India launched its first lunar orbiter, named Chandrayaan 1, in 2008. One of Chandrayaan 1's major accomplishments was the discovery of water-bearing molecules at the moon's poles, with the highest concentrations inside permanently-shadowed craters at the south pole.

Chandrayaan 2 will aim for touchdown in an unexplored region of the moon, targeting a landing closer to the lunar south pole than any previous mission.

The expected landing site is located at approximately 71 degrees south latitude, roughly 220 miles (350 kilometers) from the rim of the South Pole-Aitken basin, a region scientists believe is one of the most ancient impact sites in the solar system, created when a large asteroid or comet struck the moon billions of years ago.

For the first time, Chandrayaan 2's rover could examine ancient material in the lunar crust ejected during the colossal collision that created the South Pole-Aitken basin, providing data that could yield clues about the solar system's chaotic early history. The rover, named Pragyan, carries an alpha particle X-ray spectrometer to measure the elemental composition of the rocks at the Chandrayaan 2 landing site, along with a laser-induced breakdown spectroscope.

China accomplished the first soft landing on the far side of the moon in January in the mid-latitudes of the southern hemisphere, within the South Pole-Aitken basin. The Chang'e 4 mission's stationary lander and rover are still operational.

But Chang'e 4 did not carry an X-ray spectrometer to obtain elemental measurements of the lunar crust. The presence of such an instrument on-board Chandrayaan 2 could be boon for lunar geologists.

Five science payloads will each operate on the Chandrayaan 2 lander, dubbed Vikram, and the mission's orbiter component. The instruments include spectrometers, radars, plasma sensors and cameras.

The Chandrayaan 2 landing craft also carries a passive laser retro-reflector provided by NASA to allow precise measurements between the Earth and the moon, and potentially become a node in a lunar navigation network to help guide future missions.


File photo of a GSLV Mk.3 launch. Credit: ISRO

Chandrayaan 2 will launch on the first operational flight of the GSLV Mk.3, India's most powerful rocket. The GSLV Mk.3 is powered by two side-mounted solid rocket boosters, among the biggest solid-fueled rockets in the world, generating 2.2 million pounds of thrust at liftoff.

An air-lit core stage with two hydrazine-fueled Vikas engines and an upper stage with a hydrogen-fueled engine will send the Chandrayaan 2 mission into space.

Indian space program managers last year moved the Chandrayaan 2 launch from the less capable GSLV Mk.2 rocket to the GSLV Mk.3 to accommodate mass growth on the lunar mission.

Chandrayaan 2 now has a combined launch mass of more than 3.8 metric tons, or about 8,500 pounds. The mission reportedly costs around $125 million.

ЦитироватьJun 03, 2019

The challenges of a Moon landing

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 nearly ready for July launch
Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479220652.cms) | TNN | Updated: Jun 10, 2019, 15:09 IST

NEW DELHI: Isro has entered the last leg of testing of Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) with integration nearly complete. Final tests are happening at Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tamil-nadu) and Byalalu in Bengaluru. The agency is looking at a July 9 launch.

As part of Isro's present schedule, spacecraft will leave Bengaluru on June 19, and reach the launchpad in Sriharikota (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/south-asia-satellite) on June 20 or 21. Fr om 3D mapping to finding water molecules, and from checking out minerals to landing wh ere nobody has landed, scientists say Isro has prepared to land a "dream on the Moon".

ЦитироватьISRO to Launch Chandrayaan-2 on 15 July in Second Moon Mission

ARUN DEV (https://www.thequint.com/author/286230/arun-dev)UPDATED: 01H 52M AGO

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Wednesday, 12 June, announced India's ambitious second moon mission – Chandrayaan 2 – will launch on 15 July.

"Chandrayaan-2 mission will be launched on 15 July at 2:51am," said K Sivan, chairman of ISRO.

On Wednesday, ISRO unveiled the spacecraft at Bengaluru's ISRO Satellite Integration And Test Establishment. According to officials in Bengaluru, these components will be moved out of the Bengaluru by 20 June to Sriharikota.

ЦитироватьThe mission will have 13 payloads and one passive experiment fr om American space agency NASA. The 3.8-tonne spacecraft has three components – an Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan).

ISRO has finished the final phase of the project, wh ere the integration of the components have been undertaken.

The moon landing will be on 6 September. Initially, the Orbiter will orbit 100 km from the lunar surface, following which the Lander (Vikram) will do the soft landing near the south pole of the Moon, and the Rover (Pragyan) will be operationalised to undertake the experiment.

First Published: 01H 53M AGO

Цитировать12 ИЮН, 13:00
Индийская лунная миссия "Чандраян-2" стартует утром 15 июля

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 12 июня. /ТАСС/. Индийская автоматическая лунная экспедиция стартует к спутнику Земли рано утром 15 июля. Об этом сообщил в среду глава Индийской организации космических исследований (ISRO) доктор Кайласавадиву Сиван.

"Миссия "Чандраян-2" стартует 15 июля в 02:51 утра (00:21 мск)", - цитирует интернет-издание Quint слова доктора Сивана.

Он отметил, что полет аппарата к спутнику Земли займет несколько недель, после чего он совершит посадку в районе Южного полюса Луны.

Спойлер

Старт экспедиции не раз переносился, изначально ожидалось, что индийская автоматическая станция отправится к Луне в апреле 2018 года. Но затем было объявлено, что миссия переносится на октябрь 2018 года, потом на январь 2019 года, а позднее на апрель и май 2019 года. Причины переноса экспедиции официально пока не сообщаются.

Аппарат "Чандраян-2" должен продолжить индийскую лунную программу, которую начал аппарат "Чандраян-1", отправленный к спутнику Земли в 2008 году. Если "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, то аппарат "Чандраян-2" - гораздо более сложный проект, который предусматривает посадку на спутнике Земли и доставку на ее поверхность небольшого индийского лунохода, который должен проработать на лунной поверхности не менее одного лунного дня (14 земных суток).

До сих пор только США, Россия и Китай смогли осуществить мягкую посадку аппаратов на поверхность Луны.

[свернуть]

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印度月球探测器"月船二号"轨道器与着陆器，该探测器计划今年7月份发射，着陆器于9月份登陆月球

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Press Meet - Briefing by Dr. K Sivan, Chairman, ISRO

A Press Meet was organized today, June 12, 2019 at ISRO Headquarters, Bengaluru on the occasion of the forthcoming launch of India's Chandrayaan-2 mission to Moon. Dr K Sivan, Chairman, ISRO addressed and interacted with over hundred and fifty regional, national and international media persons during the meet.

Dr Sivan outlined ISRO's vision on space science and interplanetary missions. Understanding the secrets of the inner solar system is an aspiration of both national and international scientific community. Specifically talking about Chandrayaan-2, he announced "The launch of Chandrayaan-2 onboard GSLV MkIII-M1 is planned on July 15, 2019 at 02.51 Hrs from Sriharikota". Further, he said the soft landing of the Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-2 on the Moon's surface is likely to be on September 06, 2019. The briefing included the scientific objectives, challenges and benefits of the mission.

He also provided details on the orbiter, lander and rover as well as the challenging tasks of navigating to the Moon and inserting the spacecraft into lunar orbit. Dr Sivan then specially mentioned about the highly demanding task of soft landing on the lunar surface and termed it as "15 terrifying minutes"

Earlier during the day, the media persons had an opportunity to view Chandrayaan-2 orbiter and lander at ISRO Satellite Integration and Test Establishment (ISITE), Bengaluru.

The briefing by Chairman, ISRO was followed by an extensive interactive session with the media.

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 39 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1139022541245173760)

#ISROMissions (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISROMissions?src=hash)
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)

Take a look of our Chandrayaan2 website

https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home ... (https://t.co/bnv0nJOaz2)

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Chandrayaan-2 will be launched from Satish Dhawan Space Center at Sriharikota on-board GSLV Mk-III during the launch window of 9th to 16th July 2019. It will be injected into an earth parking 170 x40400 km orbit. A series of maneuvers will be carried out to raise its orbit and put Chandrayaan-2 on Lunar Transfer Trajectory. On entering Moon's sphere of influence, on-board thrusters will slow down the spacecraft for Lunar Capture. The Orbit of Chandrayaan-2 around the moon will be circularized to 100x100 km orbit through a series of orbital maneuvers. On the day of landing, the lander will separate from the Orbiter and then perform a series of complex maneuvers comprising of rough braking and fine braking. Imaging of the landing site region prior to landing will be done for finding safe and hazard-free zones. The lander-Vikram will finally land near South Pole of the moon on 6th September 2019. Subsequently, Rover will roll out and carry out experiments on Lunar surface for a period of 1 Lunar day which is equal to 14 Earth days. Orbiter will continue its mission for a duration of one year.

ЦитироватьOrbiter

Weight		2,379 kg
Electric Generation Capability		1,000 W

At the time of launch, the Chandrayaan 2 Orbiter will be capable of communicating with Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) at Byalalu as well as the Vikram Lander. The mission life of the Orbiter is one year and it will be placed in a 100X100 km lunar polar orbit.

Lander — Vikram

Weight		1,471 kg
Electric Generation Capability		650 W

The Lander of Chandrayaan 2 is named Vikram after Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the Father of the Indian Space Programme. It is designed to function for one lunar day, which is equivalent to about 14 Earth days. Vikram has the capability to communicate with IDSN at Byalalu near Bangalore, as well as with the Orbiter and Rover. The Lander is designed to execute a soft landing on the lunar surface.

Rover — Pragyan

Weight		27 kg
Electric Generation Capability		50 W

Chandrayaan 2's Rover is a 6-wheeled robotic vehicle named Pragyan, which translates to 'wisdom' in Sanskrit. It can travel up to 500 m (½-a-km) and leverages solar energy for its functioning. It can only communicate with the Lander.

ЦитироватьOrbiter payloads

[/li]
• Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC 2)
  
  TMC 2 is a miniature version of the Terrain Mapping Camera used onboard the Chandrayaan 1 mission. Its primary objective is mapping the lunar surface in the panchromatic spectral band (0.5-0.8 microns) with a high spatial resolution of 5 m and a swath of 20 km fr om 100 km lunar polar orbit. The data collected by TMC 2 will give us clues about the Moon's evolution and help us prepare 3D maps of the lunar surface.
  
  
• Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS)
  
  CLASS measures the Moon's X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectra to examine the presence of major elements such as Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Calcium, Titanium, Iron, and Sodium. The XRF technique will detect these elements by measuring the characteristic X-rays they emit when excited by the Sun's rays.
  
  
• Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM)
  
  XSM observes the X-rays emitted by the Sun and its corona, measures the intensity of solar radiation in these rays, and supports CLASS. The primary objective of this payload is to provide solar X-ray spectrum in the energy range of 1-15 keV. XSM will provide high-energy resolution and high-cadence measurements (full spectrum every second) of solar X-ray spectra as input for analysis of data from CLASS.
  
  
• Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC)
  
  OHRC provides high-resolution images of the landing site — ensuring the Lander's safe touchdown by detecting any craters or boulders prior to separation. The images it captures, taken from two different look angles, serve dual purposes. Firstly, they are used to generate DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) of the landing site. Secondly, they are used for scientific research, post-lander separation. OHRC's images will be captured over the course of two orbits, covering an area of 12 km x 3 km with a ground resolution of 0.32 m.
  
  
• Imaging IR Spectrometer (IIRS)
  
  IIRS has two primary objectives:
  
  
• Global mineralogical and volatile mapping of the Moon in the spectral range of ~0.8-5.0 µm for the first time, at the high resolution of ~20 nm
• Complete characterisation of water/hydroxyl feature near 3.0 µm for the first time at high spatial (~80 m) and spectral (~20 nm) resolutions
  

IIRS will also measure the solar radiation reflected off the Moon's surface in 256 contiguous spectral bands from 100 km lunar orbit.

[/li][li]Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

The dual frequency (L and S) SAR will provide enhanced capabilities compared to Chandrayaan 1's S-band miniSAR in areas such as:

[/li]
• L-band for greater depth of penetration (5-0 m — twice that of S-band)
  
  
• Circular and full polarimetry — with a range of resolution options (2-75 m) and incident angles (9°-35°) — for understanding scattering properties of permanently shadowed regions
  

The main scientific objectives of this payload are:

[/li]
• High-resolution lunar mapping in the polar regions
  
  
• Quantitative estimation of water-ice in the polar regions
  
  
• Estimation of regolith thickness and its distribution
  

[/li][li]Chandrayaan 2 Atmospheric Compositional Explorer 2 (CHACE 2)

CHACE 2 will continue the CHACE experiment carried out by Chandrayaan 1. It is a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMA) capable of scanning the lunar neutral exosphere in the mass range of 1 to 300 amu with the mass resolution of ~0.5 amu. CHACE 2's primary objective is to carry out an in-situ study of the composition and distribution of the lunar neutral exosphere and its variability.
[/li][/LIST]
Vikram payloads

[/li]
• Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)
  
  The lunar ionosphere is a highly dynamic plasma environment. Langmuir probes, such as RAMBHA, have proven to be an effective diagnostic tool to gain information in such conditions. Its primary objective is to measure factors such as:
  
  
• Ambient electron density/temperature near the lunar surface
  
  
• Temporal evolution of lunar plasma density for the first time near the surface under varying solar conditions
  

[/li][li]Chandra's Surface Thermo-physical Experiment (ChaSTE)

ChaSTE measures the vertical temperature gradient and thermal conductivity of the lunar surface. It consists of a thermal probe (sensors and a heater) that is ins erted into the lunar regolith down to a depth of ~10 cm. ChaSTE operates in two modes:

[/li]
• Passive mode operation in which continuous in-situ measurements of temperature at different depths are carried out
  
  
• Active mode operation in which temperature variations in a se t period of time, and the regolith's thermal conductivity under contact, are estimated
  

[/li][li]Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)

ILSA is a triple axis, MEMS-based seismometer that can detect minute ground displacement, velocity, or acceleration caused by lunar quakes. Its primary objective is to characterise the seismicity around the landing site. ILSA has been designed to identify acceleration as low as 100 ng /√Hz with a dynamic range of ±0.5 g and a bandwidth of 40 Hz. The dynamic range is met by using two sensors — a coarse-range sensor and a fine-range sensor.
[/li][/LIST]
Pragyaan payloads

[/li]
• Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)
  
  APXS' primary objective is to determine the elemental composition of the Moon's surface near the landing site. It achieves this through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique, wh ere X-ray or alpha particles are used to excite the surface. APXS uses radioactive Curium (244) metal that emits high-energy, alpha particles — as well as X-rays — enabling both X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Through these techniques, APXS can detect all major rock-forming elements such as Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silica, Calcium, Titanium, Iron, and some trace elements such as Strontium, Yttrium and Zirconium.
  
  
• Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS)
  
  LIBS' prime objective is to identify and determine the abundance of elements near the landing site. It does this by firing high-powered laser pulses at various locations and analysing the radiation emitted by the decaying plasma.
  

Passive Experiment

[/li]
• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
  
  To understand the dynamics of Earth's Moon system and also derive clues on the Lunar interior.
  

ЦитироватьChandyaan-2 Mission Official Animation video by ISRO
SPACE and ISRO news (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-gp8R5Gd_sG3ypxbULgYMg)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IC88I0pAG24 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IC88I0pAG24)4:27
Опубликовано: 14 июн. 2019 г.
Chandrayaan 2 is an Indian lunar mission that will boldly go where no country has ever gone before — the Moon's south polar region. Through this effort, the aim is to improve our understanding of the Moon — discoveries that will benefit India and humanity as a whole. These insights and experiences aim at a paradigm shift in how lunar expeditions are approached for years to come — propelling further voyages into the farthest frontiers.

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 14 июн. (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1139579188787027968)

#ISROMissions (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISROMissions?src=hash)
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)

Pre-shipment review of #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) held today (June 14, 2019). Cleared for movement of spacecraft to space port, SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 | Press Conference by Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh and ISRO Chairman Dr K Sivan

PIB India (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGn6a5SI8SNlj7WylmPD6GQ)

Прямой эфир: 13 июн. 2019 г.

Union Minister of State (Ind Charge) for Development of North Eastern Region. MoS PMO, Dr Jitendra Singh and #ISRO (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23ISRO) Chairman Dr K Sivan to brief media on #Chandrayaan2 (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23Chandrayaan2)

ЦитироватьChethan Kumar‏ @ChethanKumarTOI (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI) 13 июн. (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI/status/1139063303508938752)

Here's a bit more on #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash). Now we have just two days more than a month for the launch.
@TOIBengaluru (https://twitter.com/TOIBengaluru) @Chethan_Dash (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash) @JaunetGurudas (https://twitter.com/JaunetGurudas) @nandibull (https://twitter.com/nandibull) @rajatpTOI (https://twitter.com/rajatpTOI) @Arun_Ram (https://twitter.com/Arun_Ram) @utejonmayamTOI (https://twitter.com/utejonmayamTOI) @tinucherian (https://twitter.com/tinucherian) @writetake (https://twitter.com/writetake) @ragkrishnan_ET (https://twitter.com/ragkrishnan_ET) @sandeepmTOI (https://twitter.com/sandeepmTOI) @ManuAiyappaTOI1 (https://twitter.com/ManuAiyappaTOI1) @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) @rohithbrTOI (https://twitter.com/rohithbrTOI)

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 | Story of family going to the Moon | Official video by ISRO
SPACE and ISRO news (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-gp8R5Gd_sG3ypxbULgYMg)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_EcWz_ta84 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_EcWz_ta84)3:03
Опубликовано: 16 июн. 2019 г.
India's second mission to the moon, Chandrayaan-2, is scheduled to lift off at 2:51 am on July 15 from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. Space agency ISRO is giving final touches to the 3.8 ton satellite that has cost the country more than Rs. 600 crore. After launch, the Chandrayaan-2 satellite will take several weeks before it heads for a challenging soft-landing on the south pole of the moon, a territory that has never been visited by any space craft.

ЦитироватьJun 18, 2019

Second Lunar Science Meet at ISRO HQ

Chandrayaan-2 is the forthcoming science mission to continue our study on the origin and evolution of the Moon. It carries 8 Orbiter payloads, 3 Lander payloads, 2 Rover payloads and a passive experiment contributed by NASA. To maximise the science outcome from this mission and to increase the user base, a series of science meetings were planned. The first one in the series was conducted on September 27th, 2018.

In this context, the second Lunar Science Meet was organised at ISRO HQ during June 13 – 14, 2019 and brought together 60 scientists and researchers from various research institutions, universities, colleges, ISRO centres and laboratories. Data analysis methodology of four Orbiter payloads, such as Infrared Spectrometer, Synthetic Aperture Radar, X-ray Spectrometer and Mass Spectrometer covering the steps involved in converting the payload data to science products was discussed in detail, by payload teams. The seven thematic science working groups, presented their plan to utilise data from multiple Chandrayaan-2 payloads. Working group members discussed within their groups and cross-group interactions were also enabled on both the days.

During the science meet, the Indian lunar science community was also briefed about the future lunar program which is envisaged as a joint ISRO – JAXA lunar polar exploration mission.

ЦитироватьJun 18, 2019

Chandrayaan2 - From Pole to Pole

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 6 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1140918123823919104)

#ISROMissions (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISROMissions?src=hash)
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)

Orbiter reached our launch port, SDSC SHAR Sriharikota on 15th June.
Vikram Lander (including Pragyan Rover) was flagged off from URSC, Bengaluru yesterday and will reach SDSC SHAR today.
Stay tuned for more updates

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2: Lander, rover, orbiter integration by June 28

Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479220652.cms) | TNN | Updated: Jun 26, 2019, 17:11 IST

CHENNAI: With all the key modules of Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) having reached the launch site, scientists and engineers from the Indian Space Research Organisation (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) (Isro (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO)) are staring at a June 28 deadline to complete the integration of the Lander (Vikram), Rover (Pragyan (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Pragyan)) and the Orbiter. Once this is done, the composite structure—which includes all three —will be integrated with the launch vehicle.

"All three modules are at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. Orbiter fuel filling was completed on Tuesday. We are now filling fuel into the lander. As of Tuesday, leak tests were being carried out before finally filling the fuel into Vikram," a source said.

Once these things are done, a "power-on" check on the Rover will be conducted, after which the Lander—with the Rover inside it—will be integrated with the Orbiter. "As per the schedule, the Lander and Rover integration will happen on June 28. At best, it may extend to June 29," the source added.

Before Pragyan is integrated with Vikram, a last component on one of its payloads—the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)—which will be used to determine the elemental composition of the lunar rocks and soil, needs to be integrated. "This is a small object, but an important one so far as APXS is concerned. This has been scheduled to be put in last keeping all the safety parameters in mind," the source said.

After Vikram and Pragyan are integrated, the umbilical connections with the orbiter will be done. And, once this composite structure is ready and together, it will be moved to VAB (Vehicle Assembly Building).

"According to the schedule, Chandrayaan-2 should be moved to VAB by June 30 and handed over to the rocket team, which will integrated this with the GSLV-Mk III," the source added. The GSLV-Mk III is the designated launch vehicle for the Rs 978-crore Chandrayaan-2 mission. Isro had used its workhorse, the PSLV, to put Chandrayaan-1 into the lunar orbit in 2008.

This mission, unlike Chandrayaan-1, involves a Lander soft-landing on the lunar surface and unloading a Rover to study and take measurements from the Moon, while the orbiter will go around the Earth's satellite. Initially, the project was to be a joint mission with Russian, whose space agency Roscosmos was to supply the lander. However, that deal fell through and Isro decided to go solo.

Isro, on June 12 announced that Chandrayaan-2 will be launched at 2.51am on July 15, and 52 days after the launch from Sriharikota, Vikram will touch down on the Moon, either on September 6, or 7.

ЦитироватьJun 28, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan 2: Assembly of the batteries for all stages of launch vehicle completed

ЦитироватьJun 29, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan 2: Rover after completion of all tests integrated with lander Vikram

ЦитироватьJun 29, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandryaan-2: Vikram lander (assembled with Pragyan Rover) integrated with Orbiter.

ЦитироватьJun 30, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2 - Update

1. Electrical checks and pyro arming of the vehicle completed. 
2. Launch vehicle battery charging completed.

ЦитироватьJul 01, 2019

Chandrayaan -2 getting ready for integration with GSLV launcher.

ЦитироватьJul 02, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2 Update

1. Equipment bay camera cowling assembly completed. 
2. Radio frequency checks completed with Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft
3. Payload fairing assembly in progress.

ЦитироватьISRO CHANDRAYAAN-2 (TEASER_2)

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 25 июн. 2019 г.

ЦитироватьISRO CHANDRAYAAN-2 (3D ANIMATION)

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 25 июн. 2019 г.

ЦитироватьMOON LANDING SITES

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 3 июл. 2019 г.

ЦитироватьJul 04, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2: Integration of encapsulated assembly of Chandrayaan-2 with launch vehicle completed.

ЦитироватьImage Gallery

(https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/01vikramlandermountedontopoftheorbiterofchandrayaan2.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/02hoistingofvikramlanderduringchandrayaan2spacecraftintegrationatlaunchcentre.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/03pragyanrovermountedontherampprojectingfromoutofthesidesofvikramlander.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/04chandrayaan2orbiteratlaunchcentre.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/05hoistingoftheequipmentbayofgslvmkiiim1vehicleduringintegration.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/06integrationofc25cryogenicstagetol110stageinprogress.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/07c25cryogenicstageatvehicleassemblybuildingforvehicleintegration.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/08transportationofpartiallyintegratedgslvmkiiim1vehicleonmobilelaunchpedestal.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/09l110stageintegratedwiths200.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/10hoistingofl110stageforintegrationwiths200.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/11transportationofliquidl110stageforintegration.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/12hoistingofaslantednoseconeofs200aftertheplacementofs200solidboosteronmobilelaunchpedestal.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/13placementofoneofthes200solidboostersofgslvmkiiim1vehicleonmobilelaunchpedestal.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/14oneofthesegmentsofans200boosterbeingcarriedduringvehicleintegration.jpg)

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GSLV-Mk III - M1 / Chandrayaan-2 Mission

Chandrayaan-2 will be launched from Satish Dhawan Space Center at Sriharikota on-board GSLV Mk-III on 15th July 2019. It will be injected into an earth parking 170 x40400 km orbit. A series of maneuvers will be carried out to raise its orbit and put Chandrayaan-2 on Lunar Transfer Trajectory. On entering Moon's sphere of influence, on-board thrusters will slow down the spacecraft for Lunar Capture. The Orbit of Chandrayaan-2 around the moon will be circularized to 100x100 km orbit through a series of orbital maneuvers. On the day of landing, the lander will separate from the Orbiter and then perform a series of complex maneuvers comprising of rough braking and fine braking. Imaging of the landing site region prior to landing will be done for finding safe and hazard-free zones. The lander-Vikram will finally land near South Pole of the moon on 6th September 2019. Subsequently, Rover will roll out and carry out experiments on Lunar surface for a period of 1 Lunar day which is equal to 14 Earth days. Orbiter will continue its mission for a duration of one year.

ЦитироватьRavi Gandhi‏ @RavsGandhi (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi) 24 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi/status/1146818497894158336)

Chandrayaan-2 Ready for launch Yeah....... Finally it's happened @NASASpaceflight (https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight) @Axm61 (https://twitter.com/Axm61) @Erdayastronaut (https://twitter.com/Erdayastronaut) @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) @SpaceflightNow (https://twitter.com/SpaceflightNow)





16 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi/status/1146820666684915712)

Vikram Lander with Praying rover @NASASpaceflight (https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight) @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) @Axm61 (https://twitter.com/Axm61)




14 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi/status/1146821002359214086)

Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter..... @NASASpaceflight (https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight) @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) @Axm61 (https://twitter.com/Axm61)

ЦитироватьRavi Gandhi‏ @RavsGandhi (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi) 2 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi/status/1146825835136946176)

Yeah MK 3 is ready for launch too.....
Just convert 15th night in to day
#chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/chandrayaan2?src=hash)
@NASASpaceflight (https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight)
@Axm61 (https://twitter.com/Axm61) @isro (https://twitter.com/isro)

ЦитироватьJul 05, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2 update

1. Link checks for lander & orbiter from ground station in progress. 
2. Vehicle phase 3 level 2A checks completed.

ЦитироватьJul 06, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2: Launch vehicle ready for movement to launch pad.

ЦитироватьJul 07, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2 update

1. GSLV MkIII-M1 moved to launch pad.
2. Spacecraft is powered and health check in progress.

ЦитироватьJul 08, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan2 update: Full Dress Rehearsal-1 (FDR-1) in progress.

ЦитироватьJul 09, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2: Routing and termination of pyros, pressure sensors, Umbilical Connection Unit(UCU) separation connector cables end to end checks completed.

ЦитироватьJul 10, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan 2 Update

• Shroud final assembly completed
• Cryogenic stage (C25) On Board Elementary checks completed
• Liquid stage (L110) control system checks completed
  

Цитировать

(https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/01anotherviewofgslvmkiii-m1vehicleatthesecondlaunchpad.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/02gslvmkiii-m1vehicleatthesecondlaunchpad.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/03gslvmkiii-m1vehiclemountedonmobilelaunchpedestalmovingtowardsthesecondlaunchpad.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/04aviewofgslvmkiii-m1vehicleonitswaytothesecondlaunchpad.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/05gslvmarkiii-m1vehiclecomingoutofthevehicleassemblybuilding.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/06fullyintegratedgslvmkiii-m1atthevehicleassemblybuilding.jpg)

ЦитироватьRavi Gandhi‏ @RavsGandhi (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi) 9 июл. (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi/status/1148641920446423040)

Payloads:

1. Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)
2. Chandra's Surface Thermo-physical Experiment (ChaSTE)
3. Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA))

Some rare photos of lander test:

ЦитироватьMr Shekhar Shrivastava — CEO, BC of HAL — on Chandrayaan 2

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 10 июл. 2019 г.

With five days to go for the take off of Chandrayaan 2, Mr Shekhar Shrivastava — CEO, BC of HAL — took the opportunity to wish ISRO and all Indians the best on this momentous occasion. Watch the full video here!

ЦитироватьDr. Anurag Kumar — Director of IISC — on Chandrayaan 2

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 11 июл. 2019 г.

Dr. Anurag Kumar, Director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISC), reiterates the importance of discovery and innovation. He hopes the Indian youth are inspired by ISRO's explorations, and on behalf of IISC, wishes the Chandrayaan 2 mission success.

ЦитироватьDr. D.B. Pathak — Principal KV IISC — on Chandrayaan 2

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 11 июл. 2019 г.

Dr. D.B. Pathak, Principal KV IISC, discusses Chandrayaan 2's voyage to the Moon's south polar region and the uniqueness of this journey. He encourages the youth to dream big in their pursuits and extends his wishes to ISRO for pulling off this remarkable feat in space research.

ЦитироватьJul 11, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan 2 Update

1. Launch Vehicle battery charging carried out.
2. Routine launch related checks in-progress.

ЦитироватьChandrayaan 2 mission sequence #RocketScience (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23RocketScience)

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 11 июл. 2019 г.

Watch Sri P Kunnikrishnan, Director URSC, ISRO talk about the complexities and challenges in developing Chandrayaan 2, the most advanced spacecraft by India yet.

ЦитироватьHYDROPAC 2226/2019 (63)

BAY OF BENGAL.
INDIA.
DNC 03.
1. HAZARDOUS OPERATIONS 2100Z TO 2200Z DAILY
...14 THRU 16 JUL IN AREAS:
...A. WITHIN TEN MILES OF 13-43.2N 080-13.8E.
...B. BOUND BY
........12-30.0N 082-40.0E, 13-15.0N 082-50.0E,
........12-45.0N 084-10.0E, 12-00.0N 084-00.0E.
...C. BOUND BY
........11-35.0N 085-00.0E, 12-25.0N 085-10.0E,
........11-45.0N 087-15.0E, 10-55.0N 087-05.0E.
...D. BOUND BY
........08-10.0N 094-20.0E, 09-00.0N 094-40.0E,
........08-25.0N 096-15.0E, 07-35.0N 095-55.0E.
2. CANCEL THIS MSG 162300Z JUL 19.

( 091047Z JUL 2019 )

ЦитироватьFormer ISRO Chairman A S Kiran Kumar on space observation

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 12 июл. 2019 г.

Former ISRO Chairman A S Kiran Kumar speaks about the progress of space observation and how the scientific payloads onboard Chandrayaan 2 will help us better understand the Moon. Watch the full video here!

ЦитироватьVOMF
 
A1540/19 - REF CHENNAI NOTAM A1475/19. GSLV-MKIII-M1 CHANDRAYAAN-2 ROCKET LAUNCH FM SHAR RANGE, SRIHARIKOTA, INDIA
IS SCHEDULED ON 142100-142200 UTC.
ATC MAY RE-ROUTE TRAFFIC DURING THIS PERIOD AS PER THE ROUTINGS GIVEN IN THE ABOVE NOTAM.
LAUNCH WINDOW FOR THE REMAINING PERIOD FROM 15 JULY 2019 TO 31 JULY 2019 SHALL BE KEPT ALIVE FOR RESCHEDULING OF LAUNCH IF REQUIRED.
SFC - UNL, 14 JUL 21:00 2019 UNTIL 14 JUL 22:00 2019.
CREATED: 12 JUL 11:21 2019

ЦитироватьFormer ISRO Chairman K Radhakrishnan on what drives Team ISRO

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 12 июл. 2019 г.

Self belief, the wisdom of elders, and the innovation of younger generations. Former Chairman K Radhakrishnan credits these qualities for the quantum leaps taken by the ISRO team. Let us know what you think pushes us forward in the comments below!

ЦитироватьJul 12, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan 2 Update

1. Launch rehearsal completed.
2. Pre fill pressurisation of propellant tanks completed.

Цитировать#RocketScience (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23RocketScience) -- P Sreekumar -- Why are we going back to the Moon?

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 12 июл. 2019 г.

On this edition of #RocketScience (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23RocketScience), P Sreekumar — Director of SSPO — helps us understand why we are going back to the Moon, and how Chandrayaan 2 serves to identify the presence of water below the lunar surface.

Цитировать

#PIB Launch of Chandrayaan 2 from Sriharikota (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtASNGj4Lao)

Начало трансляции в 02:15 IST 15.07.2019 (20:45 UTC 14.07.2019)

ЦитироватьWMFC
 
A2347/19 - TEMPO DNG AREA ESTABLISHED WI THE FLW COORD
0810N09420E 0900N09440E 0825N09615E 0735N09555E
DUE TO THE LAUNCHING OF GLSV MKIII M1 ROCKET FM INDIA
THE LAUNCH WILL BE ON ANY ONE OF THE DAY DRG THIS PERIOD
ACTUAL DATE OF LAUNCH WILL BE INTIMATED 24 HR IN ADNVANCE THROUGH
SEPARATE NOTAM BY CHENNAI.
NO FLT IS PERMITTED OVER THE DNG ZONE
ROUTE AFFECTED IN KUALA LUMPUR FIR ARE P628 L510 AND L645
THE ATS ROUTES NOT AVBL IN KUALA LUMPUR FIR ARE:
1) P628 BTN VPL AND IGREX (DUE DNG ZONE-4 REF NOTAM VOMF A1475/19)
2) L510 BTN GIVAL AND EMRAN (DUE DNG ZONE-4 REF NOTAM VOMF A1475/19)
3) L645 BTN SAPAM TO SAMAK (DUE DNG ZONE-4 REF NOTAM VOMF A1475/19).
SFC - UNL, JUL 14-17 2100-2200 JUL 18-31 0830-1000, 14 JUL 21:00 2019 UNTIL 31 JUL 10:00 2019.
CREATED: 05 JUL 02:18 2019

ЦитироватьA message from former ISRO Chairman, K Kasturirangan

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 13 июл. 2019 г.

Цитировать#RocketScience (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23RocketScience) -- A Rajarajan -- How did Chandrayaan 2 come to life?

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 13 июл. 2019 г.

Did you know that it takes 50 days to integrate the GSLV Mk-III? A Rajarajan, Director of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, goes into interesting mission facts such as this and more in this edition of #RocketScience (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23RocketScience).

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Curtain Raiser video (English)

https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/videos/chandrayaan2_curtain_raiser_english.mp4.mp4 (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/videos/chandrayaan2_curtain_raiser_english.mp4.mp4)

Description: GSLV MkIII-M1 / Chandrayaan 2 Curtain raiser video (English)
Format : MP4
File Size : 149 MB
Duration : 00:05:41

ЦитироватьWatch Live: Launch of Chandrayaan 2 by GSLV MkIII-M1 Vehicle

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Запланировано на 15 июл. 2019 г.

India's GSLV MkIII-M1 vehicle carrying Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft is scheduled to lift-off at 2:51 a.m. IST on Monday July 15, 2019 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota

youtube.com/watch?v=USpCu-Z1usk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USpCu-Z1usk)

Цитировать

Chandrayaan - 2 Video

https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/videos/isro_curtain_raiser_video2.mp4.mp4 (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/videos/isro_curtain_raiser_video2.mp4.mp4)

Description: Chandrayaan 2 Video
Format : MP4
File Size : 77.1 MB
Duration : 00:02:47

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Watch Live Launch of GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan2 on July 15, 2019 from 02:30 hrs IST onwards

ЦитироватьIsro's GSLV MkIII-M1 / Chandrayaan 2 Mission Official Curtain raiser video by ISRO | English

SPACE and ISRO news (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-gp8R5Gd_sG3ypxbULgYMg)

Опубликовано: 13 июл. 2019 г.

ЦитироватьJul 14, 2019

The launch countdown of GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2 commenced today at 0651 Hrs IST. The launch is scheduled at 0251Hrs IST on July 15th.

ЦитироватьJul 14, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2: Propellant filling of Liquid stage (L110) of GSLV MkIII-M1 is in progress

ЦитироватьJul 14, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2: UH25 (fuel) filling of liquid core stage (L110) of GSLV MkIII-M1 completed

ЦитироватьJul 14, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2: Propellant filling of liquid core stage (L110) of GSLV MkIII-M1 completed

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 5 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1150265322181545984)

#ISROMissions (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISROMissions?src=hash)
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)
#GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)
Take a glimpse of Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter in clean room. It carries 8 scientific payloads for mapping lunar surface and to study moon's atmosphere




3 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1150294050089533440)

Here's a shot of the Pragyan Rover on the ramp of the Vikram Lander in clean room, prior to its integration with the launch vehicle.
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash) #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

Цитировать

(https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/psk2826.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/bjs0421.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/yrn3235.jpg)

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 02:35 PDT (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1150338046572687360) - 14 июл. 2019 г.

12 hours to go...For the launch of #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) onboard #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 Stay tuned for more updates...

ЦитироватьBehind-the-scenes of Chandrayaan

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg) ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)
Опубликовано: 14 июл. 2019 г.

Here's some exclusive, behind-the-scenes footage of how Chandrayaan 2 was built. Tell us what you think about it in the comments below.

ЦитироватьChairman K Sivan's shares his views on industry partnerships

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg) ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)
Опубликовано: 14 июл. 2019 г.

What role does industry partnership play in the progress of space research? Listen to ISRO Chairman K Sivan's message to find out!

ЦитироватьRavi Gandhi‏ @RavsGandhi (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi) 12 июл. (https://twitter.com/RavsGandhi/status/1149666937414119426)
T-3 days and counting......

It's time to meet key people behind Chnadrayaan-2 Mission

Mission director :- Ritu Karidhal
Project Director :- Muthayya Vanitha

#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #ISROMissions (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISROMissions?src=hash) #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) #womenempowerment (https://twitter.com/hashtag/womenempowerment?src=hash) #India (https://twitter.com/hashtag/India?src=hash)

ЦитироватьLaunch of GSLV MkIII - M1 / Chandrayaan - 2 Mission – LIVE from Satish Dhawan Space Centre

(https://www.youtube.com/user/DoordarshanNational) Doordarshan National (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSjPe5kinQtwcyHcFJyyMfw)

Запланировано на 15 июл. 2019 г.

youtube.com/watch?v=6f_HxuVHfrw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6f_HxuVHfrw)

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 4 мин. (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1150443148419584000)

Filling of Liquid oxygen in cryogenic stage of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 Commenced.
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

Updates to continue...

Цитировать07/14/2019 20:51 Stephen Clark
T-minus 3 hours, 30 minutes. The rocket's two solid rocket boosters are filled with 205 metric tons of pre-packed solid propellant, and the core stage will consume 116 tons of liquid hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide propellants.


The core stage was loaded with its liquid propellant supply around 12 hours ago.


The last step in the countdown is to fill the cryogenic second stage with 28 tons of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. That process is currently underway, according to ISRO.

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 3 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1150476617912688641)
Filling of Liquid oxygen in cryogenic stage of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 completed and filling of Liquid Hydrogen is in progress.
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 1 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1150496319212941312)
Filling of Liquid Hydrogen in Cryogenic stage of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 completed.
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Не понял. Оно чего - будет раскручиваться по спирали на ЭРД?  

Цитировать07/14/2019 23:41 Stephen Clark
T-minus 40 minutes. Here are some statistics on today's mission:

[/li]
• 1st Indian lunar landing mission
  
• 2nd Indian mission to the moon
  
• 4th launch of India's GSLV Mk.3 rocket
  
• 1st GSLV Mk.3 launch of 2019
  
• 4th Indian space launch of 2019
  
• 28th mission from Sriharikota's Second Launch Pad
  

Цитировать07/14/2019 23:47 Stephen Clark
Indian journalists covering today's launch from Sriharikota are reporting the countdown has been halted, suggesting the mission may be delayed.

ЦитироватьRichard Stephenson‏ @nascom1 (https://twitter.com/nascom1) 4 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/nascom1/status/1150506966751440896)Just informed the launch will not go ahead today..
DSN standing down. Awaiting next launch opportunity

ЦитироватьChethan Kumar‏ @Chethan_Dash (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash) 10 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash/status/1150506038719741952)
There could be a small technical glitch...  #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) countdown on hold. #Launch (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Launch?src=hash) could b delayed...

@TOIBengaluru (https://twitter.com/TOIBengaluru) @Chethan_Dash (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash) @utejonmayamTOI (https://twitter.com/utejonmayamTOI) @Arun_Ram (https://twitter.com/Arun_Ram) @tinucherian (https://twitter.com/tinucherian) @nandibull (https://twitter.com/nandibull) @JaunetGurudas (https://twitter.com/JaunetGurudas) @writetake (https://twitter.com/writetake) @ragkrishnan_ET (https://twitter.com/ragkrishnan_ET) @TOIEditor (https://twitter.com/TOIEditor)




8 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash/status/1150506481181065216)
But there's no official word on it. Everything has gone quiet here. Screens shut off.

ЦитироватьChris G - NSF‏ @ChrisG_NSF (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF) 2 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1150509339838439424)
Looks like, from this image, that the countdown clocks stopped at T-56mins 24secs. Still awaiting official word one way or the other on launch or scrub today.

ЦитироватьChethan Kumar‏ @Chethan_Dash (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash) 4 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash/status/1150509753476321280)
My source in @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) has confirmed that the mission has been called off. Reasons a bit later!

@TOIBengaluru (https://twitter.com/TOIBengaluru) @Chethan_Dash (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash) @tinucherian (https://twitter.com/tinucherian) @nandibull (https://twitter.com/nandibull) @Arun_Ram (https://twitter.com/Arun_Ram) @utejonmayamTOI (https://twitter.com/utejonmayamTOI) @writetake (https://twitter.com/writetake) @JaunetGurudas (https://twitter.com/JaunetGurudas) @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) @ragkrishnan_ET (https://twitter.com/ragkrishnan_ET)

Цитировать07/14/2019 23:52 Stephen Clark
A controller working at NASA's Deep Space Network tracking complex near Canberra, Australia, reports his team has been informed the Chandrayaan 2 launch will not happen today. NASA's ground station network was being configured to track the Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft after launch.


We're standing by for confirmation of the launch delay from ISRO.

ЦитироватьMohit Ahuja (Yuva Morcha)‏ @mohitinmedia (https://twitter.com/mohitinmedia) 6 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/mohitinmedia/status/1150510699660992513)
Chandrayaan-2 launch called off due to technical problems in fuel conductor. The mission was put on hold with just 56 minutes and 24 seconds to go.

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 2 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1150512237045379072)
A technical snag was observed in launch vehicle system at T-56 minute. As a measure of abundant precaution, #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) launch has been called off for today. Revised launch date will be announced later.

ЦитироватьChris G - NSF‏ @ChrisG_NSF (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF) 5 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1150514382595592195)

With today's scrub and no new launch date, bear in mind that there is a 20 day launch window for this mission right now.

Цитировать15 ИЮЛ, 00:19
Запуск автоматической станции "Чандраян-2" с луноходом отложен на неопределенный срок
Запуск автоматической станции "Чандраян-2" с луноходом отложен на неопределенный срок - Индийская организация космических исследований.

ЦитироватьОбновлено 00:34
Индия отложила на неопределенный срок старт миссии "Чандраян-2" к Луне

Старт отложен по техническим причинам
НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 15 июля. /ТАСС/. Индия отложила на неопределенный срок старт миссии "Чандраян-2" к Луне за 56 минут до старта с космодрома на острове Шрихарикота в Бенгальском заливе. Как сообщила Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO), старт отложен по техническим причинам.


Новая дата запуска будет объявлена позже.

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 4 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1150520298761936896)
A technical snag was observed in launch vehicle system at 1 hour before the launch. As a measure of abundant precaution, #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) launch has been called off for today. Revised launch date will be announced later.

ЦитироватьЧандраян- 2 отложен
15 июля 2019, 02:51 IST
Шрихарикота / Суллурупета:


Чандраян-2, самый престижный эксперимент Индийской организации космических исследований (ISRO) за последние 10 лет, по техническим причинам поздно вечером в воскресенье был отложен.


Пуск ракеты GSLV-Mk III/M1, намеченный на 2:51 в понедельник, был прерван ​​из-за технического сбоя.


Обратный отсчет начался в воскресенье в 6:15 утра под руководством председателя ISRO доктора Сивана. Обратный отсчет был остановлен в 1:55, за 56 минут 24 секунды до пуска. На криогенной ступени, являющейся важнейшей частью ракеты, при дозаправке возникли технические неполадки. Технические неполадки подобного рода ранее никогда не возникали. ...


По конфиденциальной информации от надёжного источника пуск миссии Чандраян-2 может быть проведён скорее всего 9 сентября.


...

Цитировать"Chandrayaan 2 Launch Stopped At Right Time", Says Ex-Defence Scientist
An hour before the lift-off, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the launch of the moon mission had been called off due to a technical snag.
All India (https://www.ndtv.com/india) | ANI (https://www.ndtv.com/topic/ani) | Updated: July 15, 2019 12:50 IST



NEW DELHI: Former Defence Research and Development Organisation's director of public interface, Ravi Gupta, said the decision to call off Monday's launch of the second lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, was done at the right time before the occurrence of any big mishap.


"When work is done at such large magnitude, especially in a unique field, such technical snags do come. I believe that it is a great success and achievement of our scientists that they stopped it at the right time before the occurrence of any big mishap. They will look into it, do necessary rectification and launch it on a new date," he told ANI.


Mr Gupta, said, "The actual error will be identified only after a detailed study. Scientists must be working over it. In such a big mission, we cannot take any chance. Every part of such a spacecraft is tested repeatedly. Every second matters in such a mission and that is why we have such a long countdown."


He asserted that there was still a lot to learn from such a development.


"This is a correct decision by the scientists to postpone the launch to a later date. Such kinds of problems teach us a lot. The achievements of science are due to such learning. The aim of Chandrayaan-2 is not only to touch the Moon but also to increase our scientific capability," Mr Gupta noted.


An hour before the lift-off, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the launch of the moon mission had been called off due to a technical snag.


When asked how long it could take to investigate the snag and rectify it, he said, "There are thousands of parts in such a complicated spacecraft. It takes about 50 days to install everything and make it ready for the launch. Now that it has been decided to take out the engine, I believe it will have to be dismantled to a large extent. After the problem is rectified there will be computer simulation followed by reintegration. Then only there will be a re-launch date."


ISRO's Public Relations Officer (PRO) Guruprasad said the revised launch date will be announced later.

ЦитироватьSecond Chandrayaan 2 Launch Attempt Likely This Month: Sources
हिंदी में पढ़ें (https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/second-chandrayaan-2-launch-attempt-likely-this-month-sources-2069782)

Chandrayaan 2: The rocket and the satellite are safe, and the highly flammable liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen have been removed from the rocket, sources said
All India (https://www.ndtv.com/india) | Reported by Pallava Bagla (https://www.ndtv.com/topic/pallava-bagla), Edited by Debanish Achom (https://www.ndtv.com/topic/debanish-achom) | Upd ated: July 15, 2019 14:31 IST


SRIHARIKOTA: The second attempt to launch the Chandrayaan 2 moon mission is likely to be made this month, sources in the Indian Space Research Organisation said today. The launch of India's most ambitious space mission yet was aborted less than an hour before its scheduled lift-off at 2:51 am due to a technical snag in the rocket system, the ISRO said.



The rocket and the satellite are safe, and the highly flammable liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen have been removed from the rocket, sources said.


The full details of what went wrong will be available when scientists can access the rocket and after a full analysis is carried out, they said.


The powerful GSLV Mark III rocket was se t to go up from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh with a rover that would land on the moon in about two months' time.


ISRO had announced one hour before launch that the filling of liquid hydrogen fuel had been completed.


"A technical snag was observed in launch vehicle system at 1 hour before the launch. As a measure of abundant precaution, #Chandrayaan2 launch has been called off for today. Revised launch date will be announced later," ISRO tweeted around 3 am.


Ahead of the launch, ISRO chief K Sivan had told NDTV that the space agency has another lift-off opportunity tomorrow if it were called off today. But launch windows have to meet several technical criteria and so it could even take weeks or months for a new date.


"It was the right decision to call off Chandrayaan 2 launch. We could not have taken any chance in such a big mission," former Defence Research and Development Organisation's director of public interface, Ravi Gupta, told news agency ANI.

Цитировать'Problem in Chandrayaan-2 rocket, lucky to detect', say ISRO sources

Chandrayaan 2 Launch Mission: A committee of experts will now examine what went wrong and suggest ways to remove the glitches, it will take about a week to determine what exactly went wrong, the source added.

Updated: Jul 15, 2019 13:44 IST
 Ashok Bagriya 
New Delhi


A view of the Chandrayaan-2 on board GSLVMkIII-M1 at Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Nellore district, Saturday, July 13, 2019. (PTI photo)
The launch of Chandrayaan 2 was called off as rocket was not functioning according to laid down parameters, sources at Indian Space Research Organisation  (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/isro-calls-off-chandrayaan-2-launch-after-technical-snag-next-date-soon/story-JPNVwU67FX8Clw1rk5BZzH.html)(ISRO) told HT, adding that the strategy was to launch the mission as quickly as possible.


"The rocket functioning was not according to laid down parameters... we are extremely lucky to detect the anomaly just before the launch, we are in control, the rocket and satellite are safe," the source added, hours after the moon mission was called off.


The GSLV Mark III carrying the orbiter, lander, and rover was to take off at 02:51 am Monday morning from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, the country's only launch site, but the countdown clock was stopped 56 minutes before the scheduled time.


A committee of experts will now examine what went wrong and suggest ways to remove the glitches, it will take about a week to determine what exactly went wrong, the source added.


"We will have to dismantle the rocket to get to the root of the problem... we have window till month end to launch the mission," the source added.


There were four suitable window periods for the launch in the month of July – July 15 and 16 and then again during new moon on July 29 and 30.

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Это что, до сентября не летим?    

ЦитироватьВ Индии проверяют ракету-носитель, пуск которой отложили из-за неполадок
16:26

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 15 июл - РИА Новости. Технические специалисты проводят проверку оборудования на ракете-носителе GSLV Mk III, в работе которого были обнаружены неполадки, повлекшие за собой перенос запуска индийской лунной экспедиции "Чандраян-2", сообщил РИА Новости источник, близкий к Индийской организации космических исследований (ISRO).

"Специалисты приступили к проверке оборудования. Детали произошедшего станут доступны после того, как специалисты проведут полный анализ работы всех систем. Сам спутник и ракета целы, из неё были извлечены легковоспламеняющиеся вещества, в том числе жидкий кислород", - рассказал собеседник агентства.

Он подтвердил, что для проведения полной проверки оборудования ученым потребуется как минимум несколько дней - лишь после этого будет объявлена новая дата запуска автоматической экспедиции к спутнику Земли.

"Чандраян-2" является одним из самых амбициозных проектов космической программы Индии. С тех пор, как несколько недель назад ISRO объявила дату и время долгожданного пуска (02.51 утра 15 июля), за ходом подготовки к старту экспедиции пристально следила вся страна. Судьба "Чандраян-2" настолько беспокоила индийцев, что на космодром Шрихарикота, расположенный на одноимённом острове в Бенгальском заливе, по случаю такого события прибыл сам президент Индии Рам Натх Ковинд.

Однако за 56 минут до старта миссии организация сообщила об отмене пуска, сославшись на технические неполадки, обнаруженные буквально в последний момент в ракете-носителе. Ранее газета Economic Times со ссылкой на собственные источники в ISRO сообщила, что сбои в работе оборудования были замечены во время загрузки топлива на ракету-носитель.

Миссия "Чандраян-2" является продолжением индийской лунной программы, начатой аппаратом "Чандраян-1", который был отправлен к Луне в октябре 2008 года. Этот аппарат проработал на лунной орбите 312 дней, а также отправил неё поверхность ударный зонд. "Чандраян-2", в свою очередь, является более сложным проектом, поскольку предусматривает посадку и доставку на Луну небольшого ровера, который в течение одного лунного дня (14 земных суток) будет заниматься изучением минералогического и элементного состава её поверхности.

Старт лунной экспедиции неоднократно переносился. Изначально планировалось, что ISRO отправит экспедицию в апреле 2018 года, затем - в октябре, после - в январе, апреле и мае 2019 года. При этом причины переноса старта миссии ни разу официально не озвучивались.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьSecond NOTAM has been issued, it appears they are still targeting launch in this month. Here is previous NOTAM

Source: https://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov

A1550/19 NOTAMN
Q) VOMF/QWMLW/IV/BO/W/000/999/
A) VOMF B) 1907172100 C) 1907311000
D) BTN 2100-2200 ON 17 JUL AND BTN 0830-1000 ON 18-31 JUL
E) GSLV- MKIII- M1 CHANDRAYAAN-2 ROCKET LAUNCH FM SHAR RANGE,
SHRIHARIKOTA WILL TAKE PLACE AS PER FLW DETAILS. THE LAUNCH WILL BE
ON ANY ONE OF THE DAY DRG THIS PERIOD.ACTUAL DATE OF LAUNCH WILL BE
INTIMATED 24 HR IN ADVANCE THROUGH A SEPARATE NOTAM.
              LAUNCH PAD COORDINATES : 134312.00N 0801348.00E
NO FLT IS PERMITTED OVER THE DNG ZONES

DANGER ZONE -1:   IS A CIRCLE OF 10 NAUTICAL MILES AROUND THE LAUNCH
PAD.

DANGER ZONE -2:              
I.        1230N 08240
II.        1315N 08250
III.        1245N 08410
IV.        1200N 08400
   
DANGER ZONE -3
I.        1135N 08500
II.        1225N 08510
III.        1145N 08715
IV.        1055N 08705

DANGER ZONE 4
I.        0810N 09420
II.        0900N 09440E
III.        0825N 09615
IV.        0735N 09555

12 comments
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level 1
karthickoc
1 point ·
2 hours ago

Good news.. what are the possible launch windows??
level 2
Ohsin
3 points ·
2 hours ago
· edited 2 hours ago

UTC window for 17 July is same as before. I made a mistake in title and for 18 to 31 July it is 0830-1000 (UTC).

Цитировать Chethan Kumar‏ @ChethanKumarTOI (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI) 7 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI/status/1150778508802531328)
Had to be away on work... I've now got all the confirmations. A leak in the cryo stage led to abortion of #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash). @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) racing for quick turnaround.
@TOIBengaluru (https://twitter.com/TOIBengaluru) @Chethan_Dash (https://twitter.com/Chethan_Dash) @tinucherian (https://twitter.com/tinucherian) @sandeepmTOI (https://twitter.com/sandeepmTOI) @writetake (https://twitter.com/writetake) @ragkrishnan_ET (https://twitter.com/ragkrishnan_ET) @nandibull (https://twitter.com/nandibull) @JaunetGurudas (https://twitter.com/JaunetGurudas) @ManuAiyappaTOI1 (https://twitter.com/ManuAiyappaTOI1)

ЦитироватьKey decision on new Chandrayaan-2 launch date likely Wednesday

Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479220652.cms) | TNN | Updated: Jul 15, 2019, 20:28 IST

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organisation (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) (Isro) may announce its decision on the next launch date for Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) on Wednesday, after it "implements corrective action", sources privy to the developments, said.

"If all goes well, we may probably see the launch happen as early as next Monday (July 22)," said a source. However, Isro is yet to officially make a statement.

Monday's aborted bid was among the last of a series of launch windows Chandrayaan-2 mission missed since last year.

Every launch has an optimal window to achieve the desired results. While Monday (July 15) had the longest window of 10 minutes — between 2.51am and 3.01am — Isro will have a window of one minute a day for the rest of the month.

The present window closes by this month-end, and if Isro misses it, Chandrayaan-2 may have to wait at least till September. Some scientists said it may not happen this year.

A source from Isro Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (Istrac), said: "The satellite side has done an analysis. According to this, if we miss the July 31 window, there will be an impact on the mission profile."

The source, while stating that mission planning, will need re-worked if the present window is missed, and there are estimations that a new plan may need more fuel.

"This will affect operations of payloads. If we miss the deadline, the orbiter's life may be reduced to six months from the present one year, as it would have used up some of its fuel," the source said.

Also, in an indication of Isro's urgency to launch in the July window, a fresh NOTAM (notice to airmen) — an alert issued ahead of every launch — has been issued Monday evening.

The alert is effective on July 17 between 2.30am and 3.30am, and for July 18 to 31 between 2pm and 3.30pm.

ЦитироватьIsro pinpoints Chandrayaan-2 leak to 'nipple joint' of cryogenic engine
Arun Ram (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Arun-Ram-479196455.cms) | TNN | Updated: Jul 16, 2019, 10:37 IST
CHENNAI: Working overnight on the aborted Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2), the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) teams have pinpointed the leak (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/leak) in the GSLV-MkIII cryogenic engine (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/cryogenic-engine) to a 'nipple joint' of the helium gas bottle that supplies pressure to the fuel and oxidiser. Why it happened remains the crucial question Isro (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) engineers are trying to answer.


Isro had aborted the Chandrayaan-2 launch 56 minutes before its scheduled lift-off at 2.51am on Monday.


"The good news is that we can fix the leak without dismantling the rocket, since there is an access door to the gas bottle which is atop the oxygen tank," a senior scientist told TOI. "The bad news is that unless we ascertain the reason for the leak, there is a probability of the problem recurring." Not having to dismantle means Chandrayaan-2 may be able to fly before the end of the July launch window, but a final failure analysis will be available only in a day or two.


Sources told TOI that the leak wasn't serious enough to impair the flight, but Isro decided to apply "abundant caution," given the importance of the Rs 978-crore project that would make India only the fourth country – after the US, Russia and China – to land a craft on the lunar surface.


The helium gas bottle has a capacity of 34 litres and it was to be pressured up to 350 bars before regulating the output to 50 bars. "The leak was bringing down the pressure by four bars per minute. The rocket could've still made it, but we didn't want to take any chances," a source said.


A veteran of Isro failure analysis said teams would now look at the proximity of the faulty 'nipple joint' to the oxidiser tank that stores liquid oxygen at minus 183 degrees Celsius. "If the joint was close to such a low temperature, the reason could be micro shrinkage of the joint. In that case we need to insulate it or shift the joint away from the coldest point," the scientist said.


Bigger leaks in the gas bottle can, besides affecting combustion and velocity, send the rocket spinning out of control. For now, Isro is confident of rectifying the fault and flying to moon without much delay.


More than 7,000 people from across the country had gone to the Sriharikota spaceport to witness the Monday launch. President Ram Nath Kovind was with senior Isro scientists at the mission control centre when the launch was called off at 1.55am.

ЦитироватьСМИ назвали причину отмена запуска индийской миссии "Чандраян-2" к Луне
09:39
НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 16 июл - РИА Новости. Причиной отмены долгожданного запуска Индией своей автоматической лунной экспедиции "Чандраян-2", предположительно, стала утечка горючего в двигателе ракеты-носителя, пишет газета Times of India (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-maybe-for-a-few-moons/articleshow/70236163.cms) со ссылкой на нескольких высокопоставленных представителей Индийской организации космических исследований (ISRO).


Чандраян-2" является одним из самых амбициозных проектов космической программы Индии. С тех пор, как несколько недель назад ISRO объявила дату и время долгожданного пуска (02.51 утра 15 июля), за ходом подготовки к старту экспедиции пристально следила вся страна. Судьба "Чандраян-2" настолько беспокоила индийцев, что на космодром Шрихарикота, расположенный на одноимённом острове в Бенгальском заливе, по случаю такого события прибыл сам президент Индии Рам Натх Ковинд.


Однако за 56 минут до старта миссии организация сообщила об отмене пуска, сославшись на технические неполадки, обнаруженные буквально в последний момент в ракете-носителе. Накануне газета Economic Times со ссылкой на собственные источники в ISRO сообщила, что сбои в работе оборудования были замечены во время загрузки топлива на ракету-носитель.


"После загрузки гелия мы обнаружили, что давление начало падать, что указывало на наличие утечки (в двигателе)", - рассказал один из источников издания, подтверждая таким образом озвученную ранее версию. При этом собеседник не исключил, что таких утечек могло быть несколько.


"Нам повезло, что запуск ракеты не перешёл в автоматическую фазу, иначе все было бы потеряно", - заявил другой представитель организации.


Как сообщил ранее РИА Новости источник, близкий к ISRO, в настоящее время специалисты проводят проверку оборудования на ракете GSLV Mk III, в работе которого были обнаружены неполадки. Полный анализ работы систем займёт как минимум несколько дней, по истечении которых, как ожидается, будет объявлена новая дата запуска экспедиции к спутнику Земли.

Миссия "Чандраян-2" является продолжением индийской лунной программы, начатой аппаратом "Чандраян-1", который был отправлен к Луне в октябре 2008 года. Этот аппарат проработал на лунной орбите 312 дней, а также отправил неё поверхность ударный зонд. "Чандраян-2", в свою очередь, является более сложным проектом, поскольку предусматривает посадку и доставку на Луну небольшого ровера, который в течение одного лунного дня (14 земных суток) будет заниматься изучением минералогического и элементного состава её поверхности.


Старт лунной экспедиции неоднократно переносился. Изначально планировалось, что ISRO отправит экспедицию в апреле 2018 года, затем - в октябре, после - в январе, апреле и мае 2019 года. При этом причины переноса старта миссии ни разу официально не озвучивались.

[свернуть]

Цитироватьtnt22 написал:
на космодром Шрихарикота, расположенный на одноимённом острове в Бенгальском заливе, по случаю такого события прибыл сам президент Индии Рам Натх Ковинд.

ЦитироватьАмериканский эксперт прокомментировал задержку старта миссии "Чандраян-2"
11:11
ВАШИНГТОН, 16 июл – РИА Новости. Задержка старта индийской лунной экспедиции "Чандраян-2" не является критичной, лучше потерять время, чем ракету, уверен американский эксперт Род Пайл.


"Хотя всегда неприятно видеть задержку старта, гораздо лучше осуществить запуск позже, чем потерять ракету", - считает автор многочисленных публикаций и книг о космических исследованиях Пайл.


По его замечанию, "и США, и Россия осуществляют запуск больших ракет с 1950-х годов и обе страны время от времени откладывали старт или переживали неудачи при старте".


"Я обратил внимание, что задержка "Чандраян-2" произошла из-за (неполадок) с ракетой-носителем, а не из-за самого зонда, а значит, специалисты смогут вскоре починить GSLV", - отметил собеседник агентства. По его словам, "по последней информации от Индийской организации космических исследований (ISRO), новая дата старта будет объявлена в течение 10 дней, когда они сольют топливо и проведут расследование".

Цитировать"Чандраян-2" запустят, когда ISRO будет готово и уверено, что у них есть максимальные шансы на успех", - резюмировал эксперт.

Ранее в понедельник незадолго до старта Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) отложила по техническим причинам запуск к Луне автоматической миссии "Чандраян-2". Уточняется, что причиной стала "техническая заминка", обнаруженная в ракете-носителе за 56 минут до старта на космодроме "Шрихарикота". Ожидается, что в случае успеха Индия станет четвертой страной мира (наряду с США, Россией и Китаем), отметившей своё присутствие на спутнике Земли.

Миссия "Чандраян-2" является продолжением индийской лунной программы, начатой аппаратом "Чандраян-1", который был отправлен к Луне в октябре 2008 года. Этот аппарат проработал на лунной орбите 312 дней, а также отправил неё поверхность ударный зонд. "Чандраян-2", в свою очередь, является более сложным проектом, поскольку предусматривает посадку и доставку на Луну небольшого ровера, который в течение одного лунного дня (14 земных суток) будет заниматься изучением минералогического и элементного состава её поверхности.


Старт лунной экспедиции неоднократно переносился. Изначально планировалось, что ISRO отправит экспедицию в апреле 2018 года, затем - в октябре, после - в январе, апреле и мае 2019 года. При этом причины переноса старта миссии ни разу официально не озвучивались.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьАмериканский эксперт надеется на объединение усилий космических держав
11:16
ВАШИНГТОН, 16 июл – РИА Новости. Успехи индийской космической программы впечатляют, а "дружеское противостояние" с Китаем в этой сфере может пойти на руку обеим странам и всему миру в области мирного освоения космоса, считает американский эксперт Род Пайл.

Цитировать"Хотя всегда есть необходимость стартовать вовремя и, когда есть то, что кто-то называет "дружеское соперничество" между Китаем и Индией в сфере космических достижений, его нельзя сравнить с горячим противостоянием, существовавшим между Соединенными Штатами и Советским Союзом в 1950-х и 1960-х годах. Вместе с тем, результатом противостояния тогда стали потрясающие технологические достижения с обеих сторон и в конечном итоге – сотрудничество в космосе", - считает американский эксперт, автор многочисленных книг и исследований по истории космических исследований Пайл.

"На протяжении долгого времени я был впечатлен успехами Индии как в сфере робототехники, так и пилотирумых полетов", - сказал эксперт РИА Новости. Он отметил, что в 2014 году Индии удалось запустить миссию на орбиту Марса: "они достигли успеха с первой попытки, тогда как роботомиссии к Марсу провальны на половину".


Он отметил, что "их лунные миссии также впечатляют и они выполняют их с гораздо меньшей стоимостью, чем на Западе и, конечно, план по отправке людей в полет за два года".


"Может, это звучит не столь внушительно для страны, первой отправившей человека в космос, поздравляю Россию с этим достижением, но приятно видеть, что такие страны как Индия и Китай присоединяются к "клубу" стран, которые способны отправлять людей в космос", - отметил собеседник агентства.


"Я разделяю надежду Базза Олдрина (астронавт НАСА, в составе миссии Аполлон-11 стал вторым человеком, высадившимся на Луну) о том, что видные космические державы однажды объединят свои усилия в том, чтобы вновь отправить людей на Луну и дальше к Марсу в мирном сотрудничестве", - сказал эксперт.


Ранее в понедельник незадолго до старта Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) отложила по техническим причинам запуск к Луне автоматической миссии "Чандраян-2". Уточняется, что причиной стала "техническая заминка", обнаруженная в ракете-носителе за 56 минут до старта на космодроме "Шрихарикота". Ожидается, что в случае успеха Индия станет четвертой страной мира (наряду с США, Россией и Китаем), отметившей своё присутствие на спутнике Земли.


Миссия "Чандраян-2" является продолжением индийской лунной программы, начатой аппаратом "Чандраян-1", который был отправлен к Луне в октябре 2008 года. Этот аппарат проработал на лунной орбите 312 дней, а также отправил неё поверхность ударный зонд. "Чандраян-2", в свою очередь, является более сложным проектом, поскольку предусматривает посадку и доставку на Луну небольшого ровера, который в течение одного лунного дня (14 земных суток) будет заниматься изучением минералогического и элементного состава её поверхности.


Старт лунной экспедиции неоднократно переносился. Изначально планировалось, что ISRO отправит экспедицию в апреле 2018 года, затем - в октябре, после - в январе, апреле и мае 2019 года. При этом причины переноса старта миссии ни разу официально не озвучивались.

ЦитироватьVOMF

A1557/19 (Issued for VOMF 3 PARTs)[/COLOR] - GSLV- MKIII- M1 CHANDRAYAAN-2 ROCKET LAUNCH FM SHAR RANGE, SHRIHARIKOTA WILL TAKE PLACE AS PER FLW DETAILS. THE LAUNCH WILL BE ON ANY ONE OF THE DAY DRG THIS PERIOD.
ACTUAL DATE OF LAUNCH WILL BE INTIMATED 24 HR IN ADVANCE THROUGH A SEPARATE NOTAM.
...............LAUNCH PAD COORDINATES : 134312.00N 0801348.00E
NO FLT IS PERMITTED OVER THE DNG ZONES
DANGER ZONE -1:   IS A CIRCLE OF 10 NAUTICAL MILES AROUND THE LAUNCH PAD.
DANGER ZONE -2:
I..........1230N 08240
II...........1315N 08250
III...........1245N 08410
IV...........1200N 08400
DANGER ZONE -3
I. ..........1135N 08500
II...........1225N 08510
III...........1145N 08715
IV...........1055N 08705
DANGER ZONE 4
I...........0810N 09420
II...........0900N 09440E
III...........0825N 09615
IV...........0735N 09555
...
SFC - UNL, BTN 0830-1000 ON 20-31 JUL, 20 JUL 08:30 2019 UNTIL 31 JUL 10:00 2019.
CREATED: 16 JUL 11:25 2019

ЦитироватьIsro looking at July 21-22 for Chandrayaan-2 re-launch
Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479234511.cms) | TNN | Updated: Jul 17, 2019, 12:00 IST

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organisation (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) (Isro (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO)), which is keen to put Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) in space at the earliest available window so it has the required time to navigate the lunarcraft to Moon (http://www.speakingtree.in/topics/universe/moon)'s orbit, is looking at a launch window as early as Sunday afternoon (July 21) or the early hours of Monday (July 22).

The launch of India's second mission to Moon was scrubbed on July 15 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-launch-put-off-maybe-for-a-few-moons/articleshow/70236163.cms) after Isro detected a last minute leak in the cryogenic stage of the GSLV-MkIII as first reported by TOI.

Sources privy to the ongoing rectification process - engineers are working on plugging a faulty joint - are now telling TOI that the space agency has two tentative schedules.

The TOI had first reported on Monday (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/key-decision-on-new-chandrayaan-2-launch-date-likely-wednesday/articleshow/70233965.cms) evening that a key decision on the new launch date could come as early as Wednesday and that the launch could be scheduled on July 21.

According to sources: "First we thought it could be early July 22 morning, a similar time as the July 15 schedule. Now that has been reconfigured to even may be launch some time Sunday afternoon."

While Isro is yet to officially commit to this, an announcement may be imminent. A senior scientist from Isro's rocket stream, confirmed to TOI that the space agency is "hopeful" of a launch by Monday.

"That is what we are hearing from teams at the spaceport. It's either Sunday or Monday," another source said. Every launch has an optimal window to achieve the desired results and July 15 had the longest window of 10 minutes. But Isro has a window of at least one minute a day for the rest of the month.

The TOI had, on Monday evening, reported details about a review from the spacecraft side in Isro. As per scientists, missing the July 31 window would have an impact on the programme, as it would need more fuel to achieve the desired destinations. "It could even bring down the life of the orbiter to six months from the current one year around Moon," a source had said.

Also, in an indication of Isro's urgency to launch in the July window, a fresh NOTAM (notice to airmen) - an alert issued ahead of every launch - has been issued on July 15. The alert is effective on July 17 between 2.30am and 3.30am, and for July 18 to 31 between 2pm and 3.30pm.

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Уже веселее. А чего, запуски к Луне не имеют месячной цикличности?

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 6 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1151750226102947841)
Chandrayaan 2 is ready to take a billion dreams to the Moon — now stronger than ever before! Join us for the launch on Monday — 22 July, 2019 — at 2:43 PM IST.
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash) #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

ЦитироватьJul 18, 2019

CHANDRAYAAN -2 LAUNCH RESCHEDULED ON 22ND JULY, 2019, AT 14:43 HRS

[/SIZE]
Chandrayaan - 2 launch scheduled on 15th July, 2019 at 2:51hrs was called off due to a technical snag noticed at around one hour before launch. An expert committee was constituted to analyze the issue and suggest remedial action.


The expert committee identified the root cause of the technical snag and all corrective actions are implemented. Thereafter, the system performance is normal.


Chandrayaan - 2 launch is now rescheduled on 22nd July, 2019 at 14:43 hrs from Second launch pad of SDSC, Sriharikota.

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 launch at 2.43pm on July 22

Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479220652.cms) | TNN | Updated: Jul 18, 2019, 13:01 IST

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organisation (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) (Isro (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO)), which had to call off the July 15 launch of Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) in the eleventh hour, on Thursday announced July 22 as the rescheduled date for launch.

Confirming TOI's report from July 15, which had said that the next launch could be as early as July 22 (Monday) and that a decision could be taken by Wednesday, Isro, in an official statement released on Thursday said: "Chandrayaan-2 launch is now rescheduled on July 22, 2019 at 2.43pm", from the second launchpad at the spaceport in Sriharikota.

An expert committee constituted to analyse the issue-the July 15 launch was cancelled after a leak in the cryogenic stage of the launch vehicle was detected-has suggested remedial action, which has been implemented.

Sources said that the new launch date was finalised late on Wednesday. "The expert committee identified the root cause of the technical snag and all corrective actions are implemented," Isro said, without elaborating on what the "root cause" was.

Chandrayaan-2 is India's second Moon (http://www.speakingtree.in/topics/universe/moon) mission, which unlike its first mission (Chandrayaan-1), involves Isro soft-landing a lander (Vikram) and operating a robotic rover (Pragyan) on the lunar surface, while an Orbiter goes circles Moon in a 100km X 100km orbit.

Cleared in September 2008, one month before India launched its first lunar mission, the cost of Chandrayaan-2 is Rs 978 crore, and it will carry 14 payloads, including a passive payload from US' Nasa.

If India manages to successfully land Vikram on Moon-Isro chairman K Sivan has said the landing process is the 'most terrifying'-it will only be the fourth nation after the erstwhile USSR (now Russia), US and China to do so.

While Isro has a host of objectives for Chandrayaan-2, including its hopes of unraveling some secrets about the evolution of the solar system, the most critical will be to re-confirm the presence of water on Moon, and it try and map its presence.

While Isro's quick turnaround from July 15 is indicative of how keen the agency is on utilising the earliest available launch window, it also shows that the glitch that prevented the initial launch was a "not serious," as one source said. On July 15, Isro had said that it had called off the launch exercising "abundant caution".

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 landing likely on September 6-7; launch on July 22
Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479234511.cms) | TNN | Updated: Jul 18, 2019, 20:56 IST

BENGALURU: Notwithstanding the last-minute scrubbing of Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) launch on July 15, Isro may still be able to soft-land Vikram (lander) on the same day as it had initially planned —September 6-7.

"There may be a slight change in strategy, but it won't affect the actual day of landing," a senior scientist associated with the mission told TOI on Thursday.

Four days after the cancellation of the first scheduled launch, Isro said: "Chandrayaan-2 launch is rescheduled on July 22 at 2:43pm."

TOI first reported on July 15 that the new launch date could be on July 22 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-looking-at-july-21-22-for-chandrayaan-2-re-launch/articleshow/70258753.cms).

An expert committee constituted to analyse the issue—the July 15 launch was cancelled after a leak in the cryogenic stage of the launch vehicle was detected—has suggested remedial action, which has been implemented.

Sources said that the new launch date was finalised late Wednesday. "The committee identified the root cause of the snag and corrective actions are implemented," Isro said.

'Buffer Time Around Moon'

The agency will be able to achieve the landing on September 6-7 as its initial plan included a "buffer" time around Moon for two reasons: First, to give itself a second chance in case of hiccups that pushed the launch from July 15.

"This was key to keep time for a relaunch and still carry out the mission without too many changes in the profile and software," a source said.

And second, because July 15 was the longest launch window (10 minutes), which Isro felt was the best day for launch, which gave the agency additional days around Moon before the lander separation procedure.

If it was launched on July 15, the spacecraft would have reached Moon in 22 days, after which it would go around Moon for 28 days before Vikram's separation from the orbiter and then Vikram would go around Moon for four days before finally soft-landing.

"Now, nothing in the initial approach is changing. We'll still take 22 days to ins ert Chandrayaan-2 in to the lunar orbit because we need 17 days around Earth for five orbit raising manoeuvres, and then five days for the lunarcraft to travel close to Moon," a senior scientist explained.

Also, the number of days Vikram needs to go around Moon in a 30kmX100km orbit before initiating deboosting procedures for landing will also be the same as planned initially—four days.

The only thing that will change is the number of days the spacecraft goes around Moon before lander separation. According to initial plans, the spacecraft was to go around in a 100kmX100km orbit for 28 days before separation, and now it will go around for 21 days.

"Technically, the separation could have happened even after just one day of lunar insertion. The reason the orbiter had 28 days as per the first plan was because the July 15 window meant we reached there much earlier than the most suited day for landing (September 6-7), which gives us 14 full days (1 lunar day) on Moon," the scientist explained.

"Now, we will reach Moon about seven days later than the initial plan, but still in 22 days from launch. And yet, we have enough time left for landing on the same date," the scientist added.

So, the total number of days of the mission will be reduced from 54 days to 47 days. A shorter launch window on July 22—Isro chairman K Sivan had on June 12 said that all days of July after the 15th will only have one minute—another senior scientist said, won't be a "problem".

"You don't need to worry about the length of the launch window. Look at the last 20 missions and you'll know that we've launched on the dot. So the length of the window shouldn't be a concern even now," a scientist said.

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 2 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1152632797556723712)
Launch rehearsal of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 / #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) mission completed, performance normal

Цитировать

Watch Live Launch of GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan2 on July 22, 2019 from 14:15 hrs IST onwards

Цитировать

Doordarshan National (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6f_HxuVHfrw)

Начало трансляции - 08:40 UTC 22.07.2019

PIB India (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtASNGj4Lao)

Начало трансляции - 08:45 UTC 22.07.2019

Цитировать

ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QvVCV1Ve5U)

Начало трансляции - 08:45 UTC 22.07.2019

ЦитироватьJul 21, 2019

The launch countdown of GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2 commenced today at 1843 Hrs IST. The launch is scheduled at 1443 Hrs IST on July 22, 2019.

ЦитироватьJul 21, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2: UH25 (fuel) filling of liquid core stage (L110) of GSLV MkIII-M1 commenced

ЦитироватьJul 21, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan-2: UH25 (fuel) filling of liquid core stage (L110) of GSLV MkIII-M1 completed

Цитировать

GSLVMkIII-M1/Chandrayaan2, старт запланирован на 14:43 (IST) 22 июля, 09:13 (UTC), 12:13 (мск)

ЦитироватьISRO LIVE : Chandrayaan-2 / GSLV MK-III Mission Launch from SDSC, SHAR, Shriharikota      
                        (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-gp8R5Gd_sG3ypxbULgYMg)   SPACE and ISRO news (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-gp8R5Gd_sG3ypxbULgYMg)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjKVYvr3hGc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjKVYvr3hGc)

Цитировать ISRO ‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 16 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1153030680072187904)
Filling of N204 for the liquid core stage (L110) of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 commenced #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 3 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1153128666907332609)
Filling of N204 for the liquid core stage (L110) of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 completed today (22.07.2019) at 0240 hrs IST

Цитировать ISRO ‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 8 сек. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1153159946306932737)
Less than five hours for the launch !!!

Filling of Liquid Oxygen for the Cryogenic Stage(C25) of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 commenced

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 51 сек. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1153188242939715584)
Filling of Liquid Hydrogen for the Cryogenic Stage(C25) of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 commenced
#Chandrayaan2  (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)

ЦитироватьJul 22, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan2: Filling of Liquid Oxygen in cryogenic stage(C25) of GSLV MkIII-M1 Completed

Цитировать07/22/2019 10:54 Stephen Clark

T-minus 80 minutes. The Chandrayaan 2 mission is counting down to liftoff from the Satish Dhawan Space Center, located on Sriharikota Island on coast with the Bay of Bengal around 50 miles (80 kilometers) north of Chennai.

The stubby two-stage GSLV Mk.3 rocket is making its fourth flight today, following a suborbital demo flight in 2014 and a pair of successful orbital test flights in 2017 and 2018.

Спойлер

The GSLV Mk.3 uses a twin-engine core stage, uprated solid-fueled boosters, and an upgraded cryogenic hydrogen-fueled upper stage engine based on the Indian-made powerplant that flies on the smaller GSLV Mk.2 launch vehicle.



According to the Indian Space Research Organization, the GSLV Mk.3 can haul up to 8,800 pounds (4,000 kilograms) of payload to geostationary transfer orbit, the drop-off point for most communications satellites. For low Earth orbit missions going to altitudes of less than 400 miles (600 kilometers), the GSLV Mk.3 can deliver nearly 18,000 pounds (8,000 kilograms) of mass.

Those figures are just shy of the capability of United Launch Alliance's Atlas 5 rocket in its basic configuration without solid rocket boosters, but nearly twice as high as the performance of the GSLV Mk.2, the second-largest rocket in India's inventory.

Monday's liftoff is scheduled for 2:43 p.m. local time Monday in India from the Second Launch Pad at the Sriharikota spaceport.

The fully-fueled Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft weighs 8,547 pounds (3,877 kilograms).

The GSLV Mk.3 will blast off on the power of its two side-mounted S200 boosters, a larger version of the solid-fueled core motors used on India's smaller GSLV Mk.2 and Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. Each booster contains 205 metric tons (450,000 pounds) of pre-packed solid propellant, and the two rocket motors combine to produce 2.2 million pounds of thrust at peak power.

The core stage's two Vikas engines, burning a mixture of hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide will ignite at T+plus 1 minute, 50 seconds, when the GSLV Mk.3 is at an altitude of 27.2 miles (43.8 kilometers).

At T+plus 2 minutes, 11 seconds, the S200 boosters -- the second-largest solid rocket motors currently flying on a satellite launcher after the Ariane 5's strap-on boosters -- will burn out and jettison. The twin-engine core stage will continue firing as the GSLV Mk.3 soars on an easterly course from Sriharikota, before consuming its 116 metric tons (255,000 pounds) of liquid propellant at T+plus 5 minutes, 5 seconds.

The clamshell-like shroud covering the Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft will release during the core stage's burn at T+plus 3 minutes, 23 seconds, as the GSLV Mk.3 climbs into space.

Stage separation is expected at T+plus 5 minutes, 8 seconds, followed by ignition of the upper stage's advanced hydrogen-fueled CE-20 engine, a more powerful version of the Indian-built cryogenic engine on the GSLV Mk.2.

 (https://photo.24liveblog.com/2300321273807872349/20190722075419_933455.jpg)

The CE-20 engine is programmed to fire for nearly 11 minutes until T+plus 15 minutes, 59 seconds.

The on-board computer is targeting an elliptical transfer orbit with a low point of 105 miles (170 kilometers) and a high point of 24,308 miles (39,120 kilometers).

Separation of the Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft from the GSLV Mk.3's upper stage is scheduled for T+plus 16 minutes, 14 seconds.

[свернуть]

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 2 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1153215287832895488)
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)  Filling of Liquid Hydrogen in Cryogenic Stage(C25) of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 completed.

Цитировать07/22/2019 11:13 Stephen Clark

T-minus 60 minutes. Here are some statistics on today's mission:

[/li]
• 4th GSLV Mk.3 launch
  
• 4th Indian launch of 2019
  
• 1st GSLV Mk.3 launch of 2019
  
• 27th mission from Sriharikota's Second Launch Pad
  
• 2nd Indian lunar mission
  

Цитировать Chethan Kumar‏ @ChethanKumarTOI (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI) 6 мин.6 минут назад (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI/status/1153220980417765376)
Indications are that everything is going as planned. Less than 45 mins now for #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) launch.

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
У меня трансляция ничего не кажет.

Цитироватьtnt22 написал:
Вкл ДУ основной ст РН (L110)

ЦитироватьЧебурашка написал:
Ну ракета у них, конечно, мутант  редкостный - и ТТУ, и вонючка и водород

ЦитироватьЧебурашка написал:
Ну ракета у них, конечно, мутант  редкостный - и ТТУ, и вонючка и водород. Чем-то Титан-4 напоминает.

Цитироватьtnt22 написал:
Выкл ДУ основной ст РН (L110)

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Со скоростью там всё в порядке?

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Со скоростью там всё в порядке?

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Линия фактической скорости на графике шла ниже расчётной. Кто успел разглядеть - под конец она достигла расчётного уровня?

Цитироватьтавот написал:
 

ЦитироватьСтарый (//forum/user/13420/) написал:
Линия фактической скорости на графике шла ниже расчётной. Кто успел разглядеть - под конец она достигла расчётного уровня?

Нет - зазор оставался.

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 launch

(https://www.youtube.com/user/SciNewsRo)SciNews (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjU6ZwoTQtKWfz1urL7XcbA)

Опубликовано: 22 июл. 2019 г.

ЦитироватьLaunch of GSLV MkIII - M1 / Chandrayaan - 2 Mission – LIVE from Satish Dhawan Space Centre

(https://www.youtube.com/user/DoordarshanNational) Doordarshan National (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSjPe5kinQtwcyHcFJyyMfw)

Трансляция началась 104 минуты назад

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 59 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1153236245734019072)
#GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 successfully injects #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) spacecraft into Earth Orbit

Here's the view of #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) separation
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

ЦитироватьВ ISRO по итогам запуска заявили, что орбита, на которую выведен аппарат, находится на 6 тысяч километров выше, чем
планировалось. Однако это позволит аппарату совершить меньше маневров и сэкономить топливо при полете к Луне.

Цитировать07/22/2019 12:32 Stephen Clark

ISRO reports the GSLV Mk.3 cryogenic upper stage burned to depletion, resulting in a higher-than-expected orbit for Chandrayaan 2. This will save fuel on-board the spacecraft during its trip to the moon.


07/22/2019 12:33 Stephen Clark

The first radio signals from Chandrayaan 2 have been received in launch control.

ЦитироватьИндусы за гроши купили технологию у России советского кислородно-водородного ракетного двигателя от лунной программы, поэтому так  долго смогла проработать третья ступень. А если бы не продали, то запустили бы индусам за деньги.

Цитироватьtnt22 написал:
 

Цитировать07/22/2019 12:32   Stephen Clark

ISRO reports the GSLV Mk.3 cryogenic upper stage burned to depletion, resulting in a higher-than-expected orbit for Chandrayaan 2. This will save fuel on-board the spacecraft during its trip to the moon.


  07/22/2019 12:33   Stephen Clark

The first radio signals from Chandrayaan 2 have been received in launch control.

ЦитироватьMaks написал:
 

ЦитироватьИндусы за гроши купили технологию у России советского кислородно-водородного ракетного двигателя от лунной программы, поэтому так  долго смогла проработать третья ступень. А если бы не продали, то запустили бы индусам за деньги.

ЦитироватьJul 22, 2019

GSLV-Mk III - M1 / Chandrayaan-2 Mission

India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, GSLV MkIII-M1 successfully launched Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft at 2:43 p.m. IST on July 22,2019 into its planned orbit with a perigee (nearest point to Earth) of 169.7 km and an apogee (farthest point to Earth) of 45475 Km. The launch took place from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
...

Цитироватьtnt22 написал:
А вот и первый объект запуска
 44441 / 2019-042A : 118 x 45 159 km x 21.377°, 819.85 min

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell ‏Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 36 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1153259506605993986)
India's @ISRO (https://twitter.com/isro) launched the GSLV-III flight M1 at 0913 UTC carrying the Chandrayaan-2 space probe into a preliminary Earth orbit. The second stage cataloged in a 143 x 44809 km x 21.4 deg orbit. No TLEs for Ch-2 yet.



20 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1153263447041294337)
Two more objects from Ch-2 launch, in 118 x 45159 km and 140 x 45372 km orbits

Цитировать

(https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0005.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0006.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0007.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0008.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0009.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0010.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0011.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0012.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0013.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0015.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0016.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0017.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0018.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/img-20190722-wa0019.jpg)

[свернуть]

(https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/liftoffimage11.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/liftoffimage12.jpg) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/liftoffimage13.jpg)

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 58 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1153292272961642496)
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) Here's a view of the majestic lift-off of #GSLVMkIII (https://twitter.com/hashtag/GSLVMkIII?src=hash)-M1 carrying #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)

Цитировать

Lift-off and Onboard Camera View of GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan2 Launch

https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/videos/lift_off_onboard_video_m1_mission.mp4.mp4 (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/videos/lift_off_onboard_video_m1_mission.mp4.mp4)

Description: Lift-off and Onboard Camera View of GSLV MkIII-M1/Chandrayaan2 Launch
Format : MP4
File Size : 15.04 MB
Duration : 00:02:25

ЦитироватьJul 22, 2019

GSLV MkIII-M1 Successfully Launches Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft

India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSLV MkIII-M1, successfully launched the 3840 kg Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft into an earth orbit today (July 22, 2019). The spacecraft is now revolving round the earth with a perigee (nearest point to Earth) of 169.7 km and an apogee (farthest point to Earth) of 45,475 km.  Today's flight marks the first operational flight of the GSLV Mk III.

After a smooth countdown lasting 20 hours, GSLV MkIII-M1 vehicle majestically lifted off from the Second Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR (SDSC SHAR), Sriharikota at the scheduled launch time of 1443Hrs (2:43 pm) Indian Standard Time (IST) with the ignition of its two S200 solid strap-on motors.  All the subsequent flight events occurred as scheduled.

About 16 minutes 14 seconds after lift-off, the vehicle injected Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft into an elliptical earth orbit. Immediately after spacecraft separation from the vehicle, the solar array of the spacecraft automatically got deployed and ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), Bengaluru successfully took control of the spacecraft.

ISRO Chairman Dr K Sivan congratulated the launch vehicle and satellite teams involved in this challenging mission. "Today is a historical day for Space Science and Technology in India. I am extremely happy to announce that GSLV MkIII-M1 successfully injected Chandrayaan-2 into an orbit of 6000 Km more than the intended orbit and is better."

"Today is the beginning of the historical journey of India towards Moon and to land at a place near south pole to carry out scientific experiments to explore the unexplored. On July 15, 2019 ISRO intelligently observed a technical snag, Team ISRO worked out, fixed and corrected the snag within 24 hours. For the next one and a half day, the required tests were conducted to ensure that corrections made were proper and in right direction. Today ISRO bounced back with flying colours." Dr. Sivan said.

In the coming days, a series of orbit manoeuvres will be carried out using Chandrayaan-2's onboard propulsion system.  This will raise the spacecraft orbit in steps and then place it in the Lunar Transfer Trajectory to enable the spacecraft to travel to the vicinity of the Moon.

GSLV Mk III is a three-stage launch vehicle developed by ISRO. The vehicle has two solid strap-ons, a core liquid booster and a cryogenic upper stage. The vehicle is designed to carry 4 ton class of satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) or about 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

Chandrayaan-2 is India's second mission to the moon. It comprises a fully indigenous Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan). The Rover Pragyan is housed inside Vikram lander.

The mission objective of Chandrayaan-2 is to develop and demonstrate the key technologies for end-to-end lunar mission capability, including soft-landing and roving on the lunar surface. On the science front, this mission aims to further expand our knowledge about the Moon through a detailed study of its topography, mineralogy, surface chemical composition, thermo-physical characteristics and atmosphere leading to a better understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon.

After leaving earth orbit and on entering Moon's sphere of influence, the on-board propulsion system of Chandrayaan-2 will be fired to slow down the spacecraft. This will enable it to be captured into a preliminary orbit around the Moon. Later, through a set of manoeuvres, the orbit of Chandrayaan-2 around the moon will be circularised at 100 km height from the lunar surface.

Subsequently, the lander will separate from the Orbiter and enters into a 100 km X 30 km orbit around the Moon.  Then, it will perform a series of complex braking maneuvers to soft land in the South polar region of the Moon on September 7, 2019.

Following this, the Rover will roll out from the lander and carries out experiments on the lunar surface for a period of 1 lunar day, which is equal to 14 Earth days. The mission life of the lander is also 1 lunar day.The Orbiter will continue its mission for a duration of one year.

The orbiter had a lift-off weight of about 2,369 kg, while the lander and rover weighed 1,477 kg and 26 kg respectively.  The rover can travel up to 500 m (half a kilometre) and relies on electric power generated by its solar panel for functioning.

Chandrayaan-2 has several science payloads to facilitate a more detailed understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon. The Orbiter carries eight payloads, the lander carries three, and the rover carries two.  Besides, a passive experiment is included on the lander.The Orbiter payloads will conduct remote-sensing observations from a 100 km orbit while the Lander and Rover payloads will perform in-situ measurements near the landing site.

The ground facilities constitute the third vital element of Chandrayaan-2mission.  They perform the important task of receiving the health information as well as the scientific data from the spacecraft. They also transmit the radio commands to the spacecraft. The Ground Segment of Chandrayaan-2 consists of Indian Deep Space Network, Spacecraft Control Centre and Indian Space Science Data Centre.

Today's successful launch of Chandrayaan-2 is a significant milestone in this challenging mission. A total number of 7500 visitors witnessed the launch live from the Viewer's Gallery at Sriharikota.

ЦитироватьЧебурашка написал:
Ну ракета у них, конечно, мутант  редкостный - и ТТУ, и вонючка и водород. Чем-то Титан-4 напоминает.

Цитироватьigel написал:
 Это да, неизменно улыбает :-). Впрочем, для царь-ракеты это не страшно, не "рабочая лошадка".

Цитироватьigel написал:
 

ЦитироватьЧебурашка (//forum/user/14248/) написал:
Ну ракета у них, конечно, мутант  редкостный - и ТТУ, и вонючка и водород. Чем-то Титан-4 напоминает.

Это да, неизменно улыбает :-). Впрочем, для царь-ракеты это не страшно, не "рабочая лошадка".

Цитироватьigel написал:
 

ЦитироватьЧебурашка (//forum/user/14248/) написал:
Ну ракета у них, конечно, мутант  редкостный - и ТТУ, и вонючка и водород. Чем-то Титан-4 напоминает.

Это да, неизменно улыбает  .

ЦитироватьGSLV Mk-3 M1 Onboard Camera Video

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCneC9wpZhIbvrvrzR_jPUjw) Space Archive (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCneC9wpZhIbvrvrzR_jPUjw)

Опубликовано: 22 июл. 2019 г.

Onboard camera video from GSLV Mk-3 M1/Chandrayaan-2 mission.

Цитировать Scott Tilley‏ @coastal8049 (https://twitter.com/coastal8049) 8 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/coastal8049/status/1153264846172934145)
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) AOS on 2230.80 and 2217.12MHz confirmed, no signals on 2283.84 noted.

Congrats #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) on the successful launch!!





7 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/coastal8049/status/1153273711857766400)
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) Doppler data is starting to show a preference to 2019-042A, 44441 based on the @SpaceTrackOrg (https://twitter.com/SpaceTrackOrg) TLEs. I'll need more data before I can know for sure.  Let's see how things got listening through the trees today :-)

[свернуть]

7 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/coastal8049/status/1153274704783745024)
Huge signal now as the #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) clears the trees. Much detail around the carrier on 2230.8MHz.  Signal on 2217.12MHz is much weaker.




7 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/coastal8049/status/1153278991924490240)
Here's the signal on 2217.12MHz, about 10dB down from 2230.8Mhz. #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)

Цитироватьтавот написал:
 

ЦитироватьMaks (//forum/user/45389/) написал:
 

ЦитироватьИндусы за гроши купили технологию у России советского кислородно-водородного ракетного двигателя от лунной программы, поэтому так  долго смогла проработать третья ступень. А если бы не продали, то запустили бы индусам за деньги.

За связку бананов и мешок чая ?    

ЦитироватьMaks написал:
Теперь Индия сама запускает все спутники на геостац. орбиты 32000 км.

ЦитироватьMaks написал:
Такого жульничества нет в США и Европе.

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
 

Цитироватьigel (//forum/user/14889/) написал:
 

ЦитироватьЧебурашка (//forum/user/14248/)  написал:
Ну ракета у них, конечно, мутант  редкостный - и ТТУ, и вонючка и водород. Чем-то Титан-4 напоминает.

Это да, неизменно улыбает :-). Впрочем, для царь-ракеты это не страшно, не "рабочая лошадка".

Читайте нас с Салом неделю назад здесь:  http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/forum/messages/forum13/topic9180/message1866774/#message1866774 (http://novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/forum/messages/forum13/topic9180/message1866774/#message1866774)

Цитироватьigel написал:
И в варианте Индии, при их скромных (пока) запросах диапазон не так уж велик. "Рабочей лошади" достаточно летать всего пару-тройку раз в год, а "царь-ракета" начинается уже с раза в пару лет.

ЦитироватьMaks написал:
Теперь Индия сама запускает все спутники на геостац. орбиты нa 35746 км

ЦитироватьVeganin написал:
То, что индусам водородную технологию продали/отдали - вери гуд. То, что сами затормозили в ее использовании - плохо, но виноваты сами.

Цитироватьigel написал:
 Прочитал. Все по делу, но... я бы добавил вариант классификации "по частоте пуска". 

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 5 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1153504323730624513)
Updated orbits for the 3 objects from the ISRO launch: 135 x 45206 km, 150 x 45189 km, 145 x 45193 km. Chandrayaan-2, GSLV3-M1 stage 2,  and a debris object, in some unknown order.

ЦитироватьScott Tilley‏ @coastal8049 (https://twitter.com/coastal8049) 5 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/coastal8049/status/1153517578746077185)
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) data analysis from this mornings pass favours 2019-042C, 44443.  There was a signal switch off from 12:56:01 thru 12:55:56 UTC.  I suspect the TLEs do not describe perigee well.  LOS here was caused by low pass into forest and terrain.

Цитировать Richard Stephenson‏ @nascom1 (https://twitter.com/nascom1) 3 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/nascom1/status/1153539030572683264)
My first #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) support and a must say its a nice spacecraft to track. Receivers locked on the first attempt, downlink is stable with plenty of margin for telemetry. Spacecraft locked to my first sweep and project have just confirmed a good command link. @isro (https://twitter.com/isro)

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 will only have 4 operations around Earth
Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479220652.cms) | TNN | Updated: Jul 23, 2019, 12:30 IST

BENGALURU: A day after a successful launch, the Indian Space Research Organisation (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO) (Isro (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/ISRO)) has decided that Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) would only need four orbit-raising manoeuvres—where the engines on the spacecraft are fired to take it to a higher orbit—around Earth (//href=http://www.speakingtree.in/topics/universe/earth) as opposed to the five chalked out by the mission team earlier.

Isro chairman K Sivan on Tuesday reviewed the performance of the lunarcraft, along with the director of UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSAC) at the Isro Telemetry, Tracking and Command (Istrac) centre here.

"The health of the satellite is good and everything is going on as per plans," a scientist privy to developments said, adding that it will now only need four orbit-raising manoeuvres.

The scientist added that the additional altitude gained during the launch has enable the agency to take this decision.

Sivan, soon after the launch at 2.43pm Monday had said: "In fact, the spacecraft is in an orbit 6,000km higher than what we intended. This way, the craft will have more life and fuel."

Another scientist explained that as per the first plan—for July 15 launch that was cancelled—Isro was hoping for an orbit of 170kmX39,000km. This was later revised to 41,000km for the Monday (July 22) launch.

"...And, the first orbit raising manoeuvre scheduled today (Tuesday). Was it raise to to about 45,000km. Since the launch itself achieved that goal, we've decided to have just four manoeuvres around Earth," the scientist explained.

Neither of them, could immediately confirm if there would be any other changes to the mission plan.

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 16 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1153957685626204160)
Earth bound maneuvers for #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) spacecraft are planned to be executed from today onwards.

The spacecraft is scheduled to reach Moon by Aug 20,2019 #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

ЦитироватьJul 24, 2019

Chandrayaan2 update: First earth bound maneuver

First earth bound orbit raising maneuver for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully today (July 24, 2019) at 1452 hrs (IST) as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of 57 seconds. The new orbit will be 230 X 45163 km.


The second orbit raising maneuver is scheduled on July 26, 2019, at 0109 hrs (IST).

Цитировать... a firing duration of 48 seconds

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 15 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1154161543136890880)
Looks like Chandrayaan-2 has made a small test burn of its engine, and is confirmed as object 44441 (2019-42A). Orbit changed from 133 x 45202 km to 195 x 45171 km at around 1110 UTC



14 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1154161867419455488)
Perigee relative to ellipsoid is actually 225 km. This compares with ISRO's reported target of 241 km and planned burn time of 0830-1000 UTC.

ЦитироватьJul 26, 2019

Chandrayaan2 update: Second earth bound maneuver

Second earth bound orbit raising maneuver for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully today (July 26, 2019) at 0108 hrs (IST) as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of 883 seconds. The orbit achieved is 251 x 54829 km.


All spacecraft parameters are normal.


The third orbit raising maneuver is scheduled on July 29, 2019, between 1430 – 1530  hrs (IST).

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 5 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1154852511536357378)
New TLE for Chandrayaan-2 in 202 x 54762 km x 21.4 deg orbit after first apogee raising.

ЦитироватьИндийская лунная станция "Чандраян-2" успешно вышла на вторую земную орбиту
Все параметры станции в норме, отметили в Индийской организации космических исследований
НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 27 июля. /ТАСС/. Индийская автоматическая лунная станция "Чандраян-2" благополучно вышла на вторую, более высокую земную орбиту. Об этом сообщила Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) на своей странице в Twitter.
"Второй маневр подъема орбиты космического корабля "Чандраян-2" был выполнен успешно 26 июля 2019 года. Все параметры станции в норме. Третий маневр подъема орбиты намечен на 29 июля 2019 года", - сообщает ISRO.
После этого станция выполнит еще ряд подобных маневров - 2 августа и 6 августа - и уже 14 августа пойдет на сближение с Луной. Вскоре аппарат будет подхвачен лунным притяжением и выйдет на орбиту спутника Земли, оказавшись на высоте около 100 км над его поверхностью.
Ожидается, что "Чандраян-2" приблизится к Луне 20 августа, после чего станция начнет выбирать площадку для посадки спускаемого модуля в районе Южного полюса спутника Земли. Прилунение ожидается 7 сентября.

ранее

Станция общим весом более 3,8 т отправилась в космос 22 июля. Аппарат продолжает индийскую лунную программу, которую начал "Чандраян-1", отправленный к спутнику Земли в 2008 году. Но "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, а миссия "Чандраян-2" - гораздо более сложный проект, благодаря ему Индия намерена стать четвертой страной мира (после США, России и Китая), которая осуществит посадку на Луне.
"Чандраян-2" состоит из орбитального модуля, посадочного модуля и небольшого лунохода. Посадочный модуль, получивший название "Викрам" в честь основателя индийской космической программы Викрама Сарабхаи (1919-1971), должен сесть в районе Южного полюса Луны, который ранее никто не исследовал. Модуль доставит на лунную поверхность 27-килограммовый луноход "Прагьян", который будет получать энергию от солнечной батареи и проработает по меньшей мере один лунный день (14 земных суток).

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьJul 29, 2019

Chandrayaan2 update: Third earth bound maneuver

Third earth bound orbit raising maneuver for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully today (July 29, 2019) at 1512 hrs (IST) as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of 989 seconds. The orbit achieved is 276 x 71792 km.

All spacecraft parameters are normal.

The fourth orbit raising maneuver is scheduled on August 2, 2019, between 1400 – 1500  hrs (IST).

Цитировать ISRO ‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 6 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1155784782753611776)

#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) Today after performing the third orbit raising maneuver, we are now 3 steps closer to the moon !!! #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

ЦитироватьP Sreekumar — Director of SSPO - On Chandrayaan2

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg) ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 29 июл. 2019 г.

On this edition of #RocketScience (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23RocketScience), P Sreekumar — Director of SSPO — helps us understand why we are going back to the Moon, and how Chandrayaan 2 serves to identify the presence of water below the lunar surface

ЦитироватьAug 02, 2019

Chandrayaan2 update: Fourth earth bound maneuver

Fourth earth bound orbit raising maneuver for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully today (August 2, 2019) at 1527 hrs (IST) as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of 646 seconds. The orbit achieved is 277 x 89472 km.

All spacecraft parameters are normal.

The next orbit raising maneuver is scheduled on August 6, 2019, between 1430 – 1530 hrs (IST).

Цитировать ISRO ‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 1 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1157235599868219394)
#Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)
Today marks the successful completion of the fourth orbit raising maneuver. The last Earth bound maneuver is planned on August 6, 2019
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

[IMG ]https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/175508.jpg[/IMG]

Цитировать

First set of beautiful images of the Earth captured by Chandrayaan-2 Vikram Lander

(https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/First%20set%20of%20beautiful%20images%20of%20the%20Earth%20captured%20by%20Chandrayaan-2%20Vikram%20Lander/slide1.png) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/First%20set%20of%20beautiful%20images%20of%20the%20Earth%20captured%20by%20Chandrayaan-2%20Vikram%20Lander/slide2.png) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/First%20set%20of%20beautiful%20images%20of%20the%20Earth%20captured%20by%20Chandrayaan-2%20Vikram%20Lander/slide4.png) (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/First%20set%20of%20beautiful%20images%20of%20the%20Earth%20captured%20by%20Chandrayaan-2%20Vikram%20Lander/slide7.png) ⁠ (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/First%20set%20of%20beautiful%20images%20of%20the%20Earth%20captured%20by%20Chandrayaan-2%20Vikram%20Lander/slide10.png)

Цитировать ISRO Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 3 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1157956235271868422)
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)  See the video showing the images of earth captured by #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #VikramLander (https://twitter.com/hashtag/VikramLander?src=hash)


https://bit.ly/31l1FV5 (https://t.co/kUObyABKEU)

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 3 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1158577876477890561)
Chandrayaan-2 is now at about 65000 km altitude descending towards perigee about 7 hours from now, when it will make another burn, about 125 m/s,  to boost apogee to about 140000 km - similar to our own @chandraxray (https://twitter.com/chandraxray)'s apogee!



3 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1158578356536913924)
Chandrayaan-2 will make three revolutions in this new orbit before raising apogee to lunar distance on Aug 14.

ЦитироватьAug 06, 2019

Chandrayaan2 update: Fifth earth bound maneuver

Fifth earth bound orbit raising maneuver for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft has been performed successfully today (August 6, 2019) at 1504 hrs (IST) as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of 1041 seconds. The orbit achieved is 276 x 142975 km.

All spacecraft parameters are normal.

The next maneuver is Trans Lunar Insertion (TLI), which is scheduled on August 14, 2019, between 0300 – 0400 hrs (IST).

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 3 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1158683451790245888)
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)  Fifth earth bound orbit raising maneuver for #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) spacecraft has been performed today (August 6, 2019) at 1504 hrs (IST) as planned.  For details, please visit https://bit.ly/337yUwC  (https://t.co/gmamiVzyQ1)

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 3 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1159621396705812481)
We now have a TLE for Chandrayaan-2 in its latest orbit, 287 x 143460 km x 21.6 deg. The probe just went through perigee a few hours ago and is now at an altitude of about 41000 km

ЦитироватьAug 14, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 Successfully enters Lunar Transfer Trajectory

The final orbit raising manoeuvre of Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft was successfully carried out today (August 14, 2019) at 02:21 am IST. During this maneuver, the spacecraft's liquid engine was fired for about 1203 seconds. With this, Chandrayaan-2 entered the Lunar Transfer Trajectory. Earlier, the spacecraft's orbit was progressively increased five times during July 23 to August 06, 2019.

The health of the spacecraft is being continuously monitored from the Mission Operations Complex (MOX) at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru with support from Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennas at Byalalu, near Bengaluru. Since its launch on July 22, 2019 by GSLV MkIII-M1 vehicle, all systems onboard Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft are performing normal.

Chandrayaan-2 will approach Moon on August 20, 2019 and the spacecraft's liquid engine will be fired again to ins ert the spacecraft into a lunar orbit. Following this, there will be further four orbit maneuvers to make the spacecraft enter in to its final orbit passing over the lunar poles at a distance of about 100 km from the Moon's surface.

Tentative plan for future operation after Trans Lunar Injection are as follows,

[TH]Date[/TH][TH]Time[/TH][TH]Orbit around moon[/TH][/TR][TR][TH]LOI/LBN#1[/TH][TD]

August 20, 2019

[/TD][TD]

8:30-9:30

[/TD][TD]

118  X  18078

[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]LBN#2[/TH][TD]

August 21, 2019

[/TD][TD]

12:30 – 13:30

[/TD][TD]

121 X 4303

[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]LBN#3[/TH][TD]

August 28, 2019

[/TD][TD]

05:30 – 06:30

[/TD][TD]

178 X 1411

[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]LBN#4[/TH][TD]

August 30, 2019

[/TD][TD]

18:00 – 19:00

[/TD][TD]

126 X 164

[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]LBN#5[/TH][TD]

September 01, 2019

[/TD][TD]

18:00 – 19:00

[/TD][TD]

114 X 128

[/TD][/TR][/TABLE]

Subsequently, Vikram lander will separate from the orbiter on September 02, 2019. Two orbit maneuvers will be performed on the lander before the initiation of powered descent to make a soft landing on the lunar surface on September 07, 2019.

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/206460.jpg)
Final orbit raising manoeuvere of Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft at Mission Operation Complex (MOX) at ISTRAC

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 8 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1161395447644090368)
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) Today (August 14, 2019) after the Trans Lunar Insertion (TLI) maneuver operation, #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) will depart from Earth's orbit and move towards the Moon.

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 58 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1161408331782742017)
The @ISRO (https://twitter.com/isro) Chandrayaan-2 lunar probe completed its final Earth orbit today and from 2051 to 2111 UTC today fired its engine for the TransLunar Injection burn, raising apogee to lunar distance. Ch-2 altitude now 28000 km but rapidly rising; lunar orbit insertion on Aug 20

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 2 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1161455120833495040)
Chandrayaan-2 will enter the lunar gravitational sphere of influence at 0935 UTC Aug 19.  It will be in a 149 x -19008 km x 87.8 deg hyperbolic lunar orbit; at about 0349 UTC Aug 20 the lunar orbit insertion burn will change this to a 149 x 18078 km x 87.8 deg bound lunar orbit

Цитировать14 АВГ, 07:28
Индийская лунная станция "Чандраян-2" покинула орбиту Земли и отправилась к Луне

Ожидается, что аппарат приблизится к Луне 20 августа

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 14 августа. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) провела в ночь на среду маневр по переводу лунной станции "Чандраян-2" с земной орбиты на траекторию полета к Луне. Как сообщает ISRO на своем сайте (https://www.isro.gov.in/), ранее аппарат постепенно поднимался на более высокие земные орбиты, но после этого маневра к 20 августа должен выйти на лунную орбиту.

"Сегодня (14 августа 2019 года) в 02:21 утра индийского времени (23:51 вторника мск) космический аппарат "Чандаян-2" успешно выполнил заключительный маневр по подъему орбиты. Во время этого маневра жидкостный двигатель космического аппарата работал порядка 1203 секунд, благодаря чему "Чандаян-2" перешел на траекторию полета к Луне. Ранее орбита космического аппарата поступательно увеличивалась пять раз с 23 июля по 6 августа 2019 года", - сообщило индийское космическое ведомство.

По мнению индийских ученых, начинается самая трудная и ответственная часть экспедиции. Когда аппарат приблизится к Луне, его жидкостный двигатель снова будет запущен, чтобы вывести станцию на нужную орбиту спутника Земли. Специалисты ISRO проведут еще четыре орбитальных маневра, пока "Чандраян-2" выйдет наконец на рабочую орбиту, которая будет проходить над лунными полюсами на высоте около 100 км над поверхностью.

Аппарат начнет искать благоприятное место для посадки. Затем спускаемый модуль "Викрам" отделится от орбитального аппарата - планируется, что это произойдет 2 сентября. Спускаемый модуль самостоятельно выполнит два орбитальных маневра, после чего начнется спуск на выбранную точку лунной поверхности.

Мягкая посадка на Луну запланирована на 7 сентября. Это должна стать первая посадка земного аппарата у Южного полюса земного спутника. "Викрам" доставит на лунную поверхность 27-килограммовый луноход "Прагьян", который проработает по меньшей мере один лунный день (14 земных суток). Не исключено, впрочем, что после лунной ночи он вновь продолжит работу. При этом планируется, что орбитальный модуль проработает над спутником Земли около года.

Как ранее сообщила ISRO, район Южного полюса не случайно выбран для посадки аппарата. Эту часть Луны ранее никто не исследовал - в основном все лунные экспедиции сосредоточивались на ее экваторе.

Одной из главных задач индийской лунной миссии станет поиск воды. Кроме того, в регионе Южного полюса есть выступающие образования лунной породы, которые, по мнению ученых, могут многое рассказать о геологической истории спутника Земли.

Цитироватьtnt22 написал:
Это должна стать первая посадка земного аппарата у Южного полюса земного спутника.

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 2 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1161827034278060033)
Chandrayaan-2 now 221,000 km from Earth.  4 days to lunar sphere of influence.

Цитировать Jonathan McDowell‏ Подлинная учетная запись @planet4589 (https://twitter.com/planet4589) 17 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1162603025107697665)
Chandrayaan-2 is now 366,000 km from Earth and 203,000 km from the Moon. Two days to the lunar sphere of influence.

Цитировать Jason Davis ‏Подлинная учетная запись @jasonrdavis (https://twitter.com/jasonrdavis) 2 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/jasonrdavis/status/1163532916271398913)
Chandrayaan-2 headed for lunar orbit insertion burn in less than 8 hours. Time from ISRO is 8:30-9:30 IST 20 August (03:00-04:00 UTC 20 August, 23:00-24:00 EDT 19 August). Awesome visualization by @kvsankar (https://twitter.com/kvsankar) http://sankara.net/chandrayaan2.html ... (https://t.co/Rll679vTkH)


https://video.twimg.com/tweet_video/ECWzA9YUwAAizx3.mp4 (https://video.twimg.com/tweet_video/ECWzA9YUwAAizx3.mp4)

ЦитироватьISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 8 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1163433420535369728)
Why are countries across the world investing their resources to reach the Moon's South Pole? Read on to find out.    #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) #MoonMission (https://twitter.com/hashtag/MoonMission?src=hash)

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 Successfully enters Lunar Transfer Trajectory - ISRO

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClT0SHeAQ8N9MVoPGByfEpA) ISRO LIVE (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClT0SHeAQ8N9MVoPGByfEpA)

Опубликовано: 15 авг. 2019 г.

Chandrayaan 2 Vikram lander will separate from the orbiter on September 02, 2019.  Two orbit maneuvers will be performed on the lander before the initiation of powered descent to make a soft landing on the lunar surface on September 07, 2019

ЦитироватьAug 20, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 update: Lunar Orbit Insertion

Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) maneuver was completed successfully today (August 20, 2019) at 0902 hrs IST as planned, using the onboard propulsion system. The duration of maneuver was 1738 seconds. With this, Chandrayaan-2 was successfully inserted into a Lunar orbit. The orbit achieved is 114 km x 18072 km.

Following this, a series of orbit maneuvers will be performed on Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft to enable it to enter its final orbit passing over the lunar poles at a distance of about 100 km from the Moon's surface.

Subsequently, the lander will separate from the Orbiter and enters into a 100 km X 30 km orbit around the Moon. Then, it will perform a series of complex braking maneuvers to soft land in the South polar region of the Moon on September 7, 2019.

The health of the spacecraft is being continuously monitored from the Mission Operations Complex (MOX) at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru with support from Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennas at Bylalu, near Bengaluru. All the systems of Chandrayaan-2 are healthy.

The next Lunar bound orbit maneuver is scheduled tomorrow (August 21, 2019) between 1230-13:30 hrs IST.

ЦитироватьISRO Press Meet on the occasion of Lunar Orbit Insertion of Chandrayaan-2 Mission

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg) ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Трансляция началась 56 минут назад

Chairman ISRO briefing Media on the occasion of Lunar Orbit Insertion of Chandrayaan-2 Mission

Цитировать Chethan Kumar‏ @ChethanKumarTOI (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI) 6 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI/status/1163705741267615744)
Chandrayaan-2: Moon landing at 1.55am September 7 http://toi.in/jEFUkZ70/a24gj  (https://t.co/GFa5R64Gi8)

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2: Moon landing at 1.55am September 7
Chethan Kumar (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Chethan-Kumar-479220652.cms) | TNN | Upd ated: Aug 20, 2019, 9:36 IST

BENGALURU: Having successfully entered the lunar orbit on Tuesday, Chandrayaan-2 (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chandrayaan-2) is all se t to for Moon landing (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Moon-landing) at 1.55am on September 7, as per Isro's current estimates, the space agency's chairman K Sivan (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/K-Sivan) said.

"Today, we've crossed a major milestone. The precise LOI (Lunar Orbiter Insertion) manoeuvre carried out at about 9am for about 30 minutes has put Chandrayaan-2 in the desired orbit perfectly. In order to achieve the soft-landing on September 7, there's a unique requirement. The inclination of spacecraft needed to achieve an inclination of 90 Degrees.," Sivan said.

As of Tuesday Chandrayaan-2 has an inclination of 88 Degrees. "Right now Chandrayaan-2 is in an elliptical orbit, we'll bring it down to 100kmX100km circular orbit by performing four more manoeuvres. And then again to a 100kmX30km. By this time we'll have the inclination of 90 degree," Sivan added.

After these four manoeuvres, on September 2, lander will be separated from the orbiter. "Until now, orbiter was the focus and all manoeuvres were carried out by onboard systems of orbiter. From September 2, it will all be done on Lander systems," Sivan said.

He added that on September 3, a short three-seconds health check will be performed on the lander. After that, the next day, the de-orbit manoeuvre will be done for 6.5 seconds. At this moment, the lander will be in a 35kmX97km orbit and the remaining time before the final descent, various parameters will be checked.

"On September 4, at 1.40am (IST) the powered descent will start, and at about 1.55am, the lander will make the touchdown. Then we'll deploy the ramp, which will touch the lunar surface after which solar panels will be deployed. And, about 4 hours after the lander's landing, the rover will come out," Sivan said.

Цитироватьtnt22 написал:
 

ЦитироватьISRO Press Meet on the occasion of Lunar Orbit Insertion of Chandrayaan-2 Mission  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZX0-j5lpqQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZX0-j5lpqQ) 
   
 (56:20)

ЦитироватьAug 21, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 update: Second Lunar Orbit Maneuver

Second Lunar bound orbit maneuver for Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft was performed successfully today (August 21, 2019) beginning at 1250 hrs IST as planned, using the onboard propulsion system. The duration of the maneuver was 1228 seconds. The orbit achieved is 118 km x 4412 km.

All spacecraft parameters are normal.

The next Lunar bound orbit maneuver is scheduled on August 28, 2019 between 0530 - 0630 hrs IST.

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 49 мин.49 минут назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1164154015917101056)

The Earth and the Moon have more in common than just the space they occupy in our lives. Here are some of the ways they affect each other on a day to day basis!
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) #MoonMission (https://twitter.com/hashtag/MoonMission?src=hash) #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash)

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 4 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1164535259561517058)

Take a look at the first Moon image captured by #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #VikramLander (https://twitter.com/hashtag/VikramLander?src=hash) taken at a height of about 2650 km from Lunar surface on August 21, 2019.

Mare Orientale basin and Apollo craters are identified in the picture.
#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 5 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1165955024008048641)

#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) Lunar surface imaged by Terrain Mapping Camera-2(TMC-2) of #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) on August 23 at an altitude of about 4375 km showing craters such as Jackson, Mach, Korolev and Mitra (In the name of Prof. Sisir Kumar Mitra)

For more images please visit https://bit.ly/2U2rYgj  (https://t.co/ElNS4qIBvh)

ЦитироватьAug 26, 2019

Images of Lunar Surface captured by Terrain Mapping Camera -2 (TMC-2) of Chandrayaan 2

Lunar surface imaged by Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC-2) on 23rd August 2019 at an altitude of ~4375 km showing impact craters such as Jackson, Mitra, Mach and Korolev.


Jackson is an impact crater located in the northern hemisphere of the far side of the Moon.  It is a 71 km dia crater at 22.4°N and 163.1°W (shown in the inset).   The interesting feature at the western outer rim of Mach crater is another impact crater, Mitra (92 km dia).  It is named after Prof. Sisir Kumar Mitra, who was an Indian physicist and Padma Bhushan recipient known for his pioneering work in the field of ionosphere and Radiophysics. The Korolev crater seen in the image is a 437 km crater which has several small craters of varying sizes.

Lunar surface imaged by Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC-2) on 23rd August 2019 at an altitude of ~4375 km showing impact craters such as Sommerfeld and Kirkwood.


Sommerfeld is a large impact crater located in the farside northern latitudes of the Moon.  It is a 169km dia crater at 65.2°N and 162.4°W.  It has relatively flat interior surrounded by a ring mountain and a number of smaller craters lie along the rim edge.  The crater is named after Dr. Arnold Sommerfeld who is a German physicist pioneered in the field of atomic and quantum physics.  North east to this crater lies the Kirkwood crater named after the American astronomer Daniel Kirkwood, another well-formed impact crater which is approximately 68 km dia.

Lunar north polar region imaged by Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC-2) on 23rd August 2019 at an altitude of ~4375 km showing impact craters such as Plaskett (109km), Rozhdestvenskiy (177km) and Hermite (104 km ; one of the coldest spots in the solar system ~ 25 deg K).

ЦитироватьAug 28, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 update: Third Lunar bound Orbit Maneuver

Third Lunar bound orbit maneuver for Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft was performed successfully today (August 28, 2019) beginning at 0904 hrs IST, using the onboard propulsion system. The duration of the maneuver was 1190 seconds. The orbit achieved is 179 km x 1412 km.

All spacecraft parameters are normal.

The next Lunar bound orbit maneuver is scheduled on August 30, 2019 between 1800 - 1900 hrs IST.

ЦитироватьAug 30, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 update: Fourth Lunar Orbit Maneuver

Fourth Lunar bound orbit maneuver for Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft was performed successfully today (August 30, 2019) beginning at 1818 hrs IST as planned, using the onboard propulsion system. The duration of the maneuver was 1155 seconds. The orbit achieved is 124 km x 164 km.

All spacecraft parameters are normal.

The next Lunar bound orbit maneuver is scheduled on September 01, 2019 between 1800 - 1900 hrs IST.

ЦитироватьSep 01, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 update: Fifth Lunar Orbit Maneuver

The final and fifth Lunar bound orbit maneuver for Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft was performed successfully today (September 01, 2019) beginning at 1821 hrs IST as planned, using the onboard propulsion system. The duration of the maneuver was 52 seconds. The orbit achieved is 119 km x 127 km.

All spacecraft parameters are normal.

The next operation is the separation of Vikram Lander from Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter, which is scheduled on September 02, 2019, between 1245 – 1345 hrs (IST). Following this, there will be two deorbit maneuvers of Vikram Lander to prepare for its landing in the south polar region of the moon.

Tentative plan for future operations after today's maneuver are as follows,

[TH]

Date

[/TH][TH]

Time (IST)

[/TH][TH]

Orbit around moon

[/TH][/TR][TR][TH]

Vikram Separation

[/TH][TD]

September 02, 2019

[/TD][TD]

12:45 – 13:45

[/TD][TD] [/TD][/TR][TR][TH]

Deorbit #1

[/TH][TD]

September 03, 2019

[/TD][TD]

09:00 – 10:00

[/TD][TD]

109 km x 120 km

[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]

Deorbit #2

[/TH][TD]

September 04, 2019

[/TD][TD]

03:00 – 04:00

[/TD][TD]

36 km x 110 km

[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]

Powered Descent

[/TH][TD]

September 07, 2019

[/TD][TD] [/TD][TD] [/TD][/TR][TR][TH]

Vikram Touch Down

[/TH][TD]

September 07, 2019

[/TD][TD]

01:30 – 02:30

[/TD][TD] [/TD][/TR][/TABLE]

ЦитироватьSep 02, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 update: Vikram Lander successfully separates from Orbiter

The Vikram Lander successfully separated from Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter at 1315 Hrs IST today (September02, 2019). The Vikram Lander is currently located in an orbit of 119 km x 127 km. The Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter continues to orbit the Moon in its existing orbit.

The health of the Orbiter and Lander is being monitored from the Mission Operations Complex (MOX) at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru with support from Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennas at Bylalu, near Bengaluru. All the systems of Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter and Lander are healthy.

The next maneuver is scheduled tomorrow (September 03, 2019) between 0845-0945 hrs IST

Цитировать2 СЕН, 12:06
Спускаемый модуль успешно отделился от индийской лунной станции "Чандраян-2"
Модуль "Викрам" должен доставить на поверхность спутника Земли луноход

ТАСС, 2 сентября. Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) объявила об успешном завершении операции по отделению спускаемого модуля "Викрам" от лунной станции "Чандраян-2", которая ранее вышла на орбиту спутника Земли.

"Спускаемый модуль "Викрам" успешно отделился от орбитального модуля "Чандраян-2"", - говорится в понедельник в сообщении ISRO в Twitter (https://twitter.com/isro?lang=ru).

"Чандраян-2" состоит из орбитального модуля, посадочного модуля и лунохода. "Викрам" должен доставить на поверхность спутника Земли 27-килограммовый луноход "Прагьян", который будет функционировать по меньшей мере один лунный день (14 земных суток). Планируется, что орбитальный модуль проработает около года.

Как сообщает ISRO, район южного полюса неслучайно выбран для посадки аппарата. Эту часть Луны ранее никто не исследовал, в основном все лунные экспедиции работали на ее экваторе. Одной из главных задач экспедиции станет поиск воды. Кроме того, в районе полюса есть выступающие образования лунной породы, которые, по мнению ученых, могут многое рассказать о геологической истории спутника Земли.

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Тааак, и когда посадка?  

ЦитироватьСтарый написал:
Это ещё целых четыре дня посадочный аппарат будет в автономном полёте? Что ж они как тянут то... Сколько же можно ждать...  

ЦитироватьSep 02, 2019

Live media coverage of the landing of Chandrayaan-2 on lunar surface

The soft landing of Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander on lunar surface is scheduled between 1:30 am to 2:30 am on Saturday, September 07, 2019. This will be followed by the Rover roll out between 5:30 am to 6:30 am. A Press Meet with Chairman, ISRO is also being planned between 8:00 am to 9:00 am.
...

Цитироватьhttps://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-2-vikram-lander-separates-from-orbiter-moon-landing-on-sept-7-5958718/

The lander module of Chandrayaan-2, called Vikram, today detached itself from the main spacecraft and started to move around the moon independently. The separation, one of the major milestones in the journey of Chandrayaan-2, happened at 1315 hours.

The Vikram lander, which carries Pragyaan rover module inside it, is right now moving in the same orbit as the main spacecraft which had descended itself in a near circular orbit on Sunday. This orbit is 119 km from the moon's surface at its nearest and 127 km at the furthest.

On Tuesday, the Vikram lander would move itself in a lower orbit, that will be 109 km at its nearest point from moon and 120 km at the furthest.

"The health of the Orbiter and Lander is being monitored from the Missions Operations Complex (MOX) at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru with support from Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennas at Bylalu, near Bengaluru. All the systems of Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter and Lander are healthy," ISRO said in a statement.

After two manoeuvres to bring the lander in a lower orbit, one on Tuesday, and the other on Thursday, Vikram would attempt to land on the moon's surface in the early hours of September 7.

ЦитироватьSep 03, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 update: First de-orbiting maneuver

The first de-orbiting maneuver for Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft was performed successfully today (September 03, 2019) beginning at 0850 hrs IST as planned, using the onboard propulsion system. The duration of the maneuver was 4 seconds.

The orbit of Vikram Lander is 104 km x 128 km. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter continues to orbit the Moon in the existing orbit and both the Orbiter and Lander are healthy.

The next de-orbiting maneuver is scheduled on September 04, 2019 between 0330 - 0430 hrs IST.

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/206462.jpg)

ЦитироватьSep 04, 2019

Chandrayaan-2 update: Second de-orbiting maneuver

The second de-orbiting maneuver for Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft was performed successfully today (September 04, 2019) beginning at 0342 hrs IST as planned, using the onboard propulsion system. The duration of the maneuver was 9 seconds.

The orbit of Vikram Lander is 35 km x 101 km. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter continues to orbit the Moon in an orbit of 96 km x 125 km and both the Orbiter and Lander are healthy.

With this maneuver the required orbit for the Vikram Lander to commence it descent towards the surface of the Moon is achieved. The Lander is scheduled to powered descent between 0100 - 0200 hrs IST on September 07, 2019, which is then followed by touch down of Lander between 0130 - 0230 hrs IST

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 Vikram Lander successfully separates from Orbiter | ISRO

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClT0SHeAQ8N9MVoPGByfEpA) ISRO LIVE (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClT0SHeAQ8N9MVoPGByfEpA)

Опубликовано: 3 сент. 2019 г.

Chandrayaan-2 Vikram Lander successfully separates from Orbiter

Цитировать Andrew Jones‏ @AJ_FI (https://twitter.com/AJ_FI) 35 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/AJ_FI/status/1169596813902516224)

The Sun has risen over the landing site for the #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) Vikram lander, ready for the landing attempt 20:00-21:00 UTC/4-5 p.m. Eastern Friday, September 6 (IST 1:30-2:30am Sep 7). Site is a high plain between craters Manzinus C & Simpelius N.

Цитировать

Watch Live Landing of Vikram Lander on Moon on Sep 07, 2019 from 01:10 hrs IST onwards

Цитироватьна ТыТрубе

youtube.com/watch?v=2srV-bEi_DU (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2srV-bEi_DU)

ЦитироватьMeet Vikram — Chandrayaan 2's Lander!

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg) ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 5 сент. 2019 г.

Watch this video to find out more about Vikram — Chandrayaan 2's Lander — and the different stages of its journey to the Moon's south polar region!

Цитироватьна ТыТрубе

youtube.com/watch?v=7iqNTeZAq-c (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iqNTeZAq-c)

ЦитироватьИндийский космический аппарат должен совершить посадку на поверхности Луны
       Дели. 6 сентября. ИНТЕРФАКС - Лунный аппарат Индии Vikram ("Викрам") в пятницу поздно вечером по московскому времени должен после спуска с орбиты совершить посадку на поверхности естественного спутника Земли, сообщила Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO).
       По сообщению ISRO, Vikram должен будет начать спуск 7 сентября между 01:00 и 02:00 по времени Индии (между 22:30 и 23:30 6 сентября мск). Прилунение ожидается с 01:30 до 02:30 по времени Индии (между 23:00 6 сентября и 00:00 7 сентября мск).
       В случае успеха миссии Индия станет четвертой страной в мире после СССР, США и Китая, совершившей мягкую посадку космического аппарата на поверхность естественного спутника Земли.
       Как сообщалось, в среду после очередного маневра Vikram перешел на более низкую орбиту Луны, с которой будет осуществляться спуск на ее поверхность. После совершенного маневра орбита посадочного аппарата Vikram составила 35 км в перигее и 101 км в апогее.
       Посадочный аппарат Vikram должен доставить на поверхность естественного спутника Земли небольшой шестиколесный луноход Pragyan ("Прагьян") весом около 20 кг. Посадку планируется осуществить на высокой равнине между двумя лунными кратерами - Манцини С и Симпелий N, которые находятся в районе Южного полюса.
       По словам индийских ученых, южные приполярные районы Луны представляют особый интерес, поскольку по сравнению с Северным полюсом большая часть их поверхности находится в тени. И именно в этих районах, находящихся в вечной тени, существует вероятность обнаружить водяной лед. Кроме того, в южной полярной области есть кратеры, представляющие собой "холодные ловушки", содержащие остатки материала ранней солнечной системы.
       Тем временем автоматическая межпланетная станция Chandrayaan-2 ("Чандраян-2") , от которой в понедельник отделился Vikram, продолжает вращаться по орбите Луны с перигеем 96 км и апогеем 125 км.
       При этом также указывается, что все системы посадочного и орбитального аппаратов накануне спуска и прилунения находятся в исправном состоянии.
       22 июля Индия осуществила запуск к Луне автоматической межпланетной станции Chandrayaan 2 с помощью тяжелой трехступенчатой ракеты GSLV Mk-III с пусковой площадки Космического центра имени Сатиша Дхавана, расположенного на острове Шрихарикота в Бенгальском заливе. После серии маневров 20 августа станция вышла на орбиту Луны.
       Миссия Chandrayaan 2 является продолжением индийской лунной программы. В 2008 году к Луне уже был отправлен аппарат Chandrayaan 1, который выполнял роль орбитальной исследовательской станции.
       Стоимость проекта Chandrayaan 2 составляет около $125 млн.

ЦитироватьChandrayaan 2's Moon Landing Tonight; PM To Watch Live With Children

Chandrayaan 2: Indian Space Research Organisation Chairman K Sivan has called Chandrayaan 2 the "most complex mission ever undertaken by ISRO"
All India (https://www.ndtv.com/india) | Reported by Pallava Bagla (https://www.ndtv.com/topic/pallava-bagla), Edited by Debanish Achom (https://www.ndtv.com/topic/debanish-achom) | Updated: September 06, 2019 11:24 IST

Chandrayaan 2: India's moon mission is scheduled to land on the lunar soil in less than 24 hours

NEW DELHI: The Chandrayaan 2 moon mission is scheduled to land on the lunar surface at 1:55 am on Saturday, as India looks to create history by becoming the first nation to reach closest to the moon's south pole.

The moon lander (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-live-updates-moon-mission-to-land-on-lunar-surface-tonight-2096457) Vikram that separated fr om its orbiting mothership has already performed two manoeuvres to lower its altitude for a perfect touchdown between 1:30 am and 2:30 am on Saturday.

The rover Pragyan will roll out fr om the moon lander (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2-how-isro-plans-to-pull-off-an-unprecedented-landing-on-moons-south-pole-2096380) between 5:30 am and 6:30 am, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said. It will carry out research, including a thorough mapping of the moon's resources, looking for the presence of water and clicking high-resolution images as well.

The space agency's Chairman K Sivan has called Chandrayaan 2 the "most complex mission ever undertaken by ISRO".

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and schoolchildren will see the historic landing live from the space agency's control room.

The region wh ere the lander Vikram is heading on the moon that is little explored till date (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2s-planned-landing-most-complex-in-isro-history-ex-chairman-2095061) - most lunar landings have taken place in the northern hemisphere or in the equatorial region.

An older mission by China landed in the northernmost part, followed by Russia's Luna missions. Most of the American lunar landings, including Apollo missions, were in the moon's equatorial region. China currently has a rover on the dark side of the moon.

The success of the Chandrayaan 2 mission will make India the fourth country after the US, Russia and China to pull off a soft landing on the moon.

The Chandrayaan 2 lifted off from its launch pad at Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota on July 23 on board the giant heavy-lift rocket GSLV Mark 3

The lander Vikram and rover Pragyan's lifespan is 14 days. After that there will be another 14 days of darkness on the area of the moon wh ere they are, and the temperature could dip to minus 170 degree Celsius. The Chandrayaan 2 orbiter's lifespan is estimated at one year, but it may keep working longer.

ISRO says other nations are also investing resources to reach the moon's south pole. The moon's craters in the south pole have been untouched by sunlight for billions of years - offering an undisturbed record of the solar system's origins. Its permanently shadowed craters are estimated to hold nearly 100 million tons of water.

The Chandrayaan 2 lifted off from its launch pad at Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota on July 23 on board the giant heavy-lift rocket GSLV Mark 3. India's space scientists had a narrow one-minute window for their second attempt at launching the moon mission, a week after the mission was aborted 56 minutes before lift-off.

The GSLV Mark 3 - ISRO's largest and most powerful rocket - is 44 metres long or as tall as a 15-storey building.

Considering ISRO's budget is less than 1/20th of USA's NASA, a success story for the Rs. 1,000-crore moon mission, which cost less than Hollywood blockbuster 'Avengers: Endgame', would be a giant boost for India's space plans.

[свернуть]

ЦитироватьГлава ISRO сравнил посадку индийского аппарата на Луну с рождением ребенка
09:07 06.09.2019

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 6 сен - РИА Новости. Глава Индийской организации космических исследований (ISRO) Кайласавадиву Сиван заявил, что намеченная на субботу посадка на Луне для его страны "15 минутами ужаса", сравнив это с тем, как человек впервые берет на руки новорожденного ребенка.

Ожидается, что примерно в 01.55 утра субботы (23.25 пятницы мск) индийский посадочный модуль "Викрам" совершит посадку в районе южного полюса Луны и доставит на ее поверхность 27-килограммовый луноход "Прагьян". Спуск займет не более 15 минут. Вся Индия, чья космическая отрасль имеет бюджет примерно в 20 раз меньше, чем НАСА, с нетерпением ждет этого события.

"Все это можно сравнить с тем, как кто-то внезапно подошел к вам и дал подержать в руках новорожденного ребенка. Справитесь ли вы с этой задачей без поддержки других людей? Точно так же и со спускаемым аппаратом - он двигается по заданному маршруту, но его нужно опекать, словно ребенка", - прокомментировал Сиван телеканалу NDTV (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/chandrayaan-2s-moon-landing-tonight-pm-narendra-modi-schoolchildren-to-watch-live-from-isro-centre-2096456).

Луноход проработает на поверхности спутника Земли в течение одного лунного дня (около 14 земных суток), изучая минералогический и элементный состав ее поверхности. Если получится пережить местную ночь - то и дольше. Орбитальный модуль, по задумке ISRO, проработает не менее года.

"Это крайне сложный процесс. Мы совершаем подобное впервые, и для нас это станет 15 минутами ужаса", - отметил глава индийского космического агентства.

Индия выбрала для посадки именно южный полюс Луны, поскольку научный предшественник миссии - аппарат "Чандраян-1" - обнаружил с орбиты водяной лед внутри кратеров, расположенных в этом районе. Поэтому ISRO снарядила вторую экспедицию, которая включает в себя спускаемый аппарат, для более детального изучения этих находок.

В случае успеха миссии "Чандраян-2" Индия станет четвертой страной мира (наряду с США, Россией и Китаем), отметившей свое присутствие на Луне.

Цитироватьsas написал:
Люди, а вот прям рядом с космодромом, откуда пнули сабж, есть удивительная поляна:
 https://www.google.ru/maps/@13.7550831,80.1912797,765m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ru (https://www.google.ru/maps/@13.7550831,80.1912797,765m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ru)
Напомнила она мне пару-тройку мест:
 https://www.google.ru/maps/@56.2472194,38.323146,875m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ru (https://www.google.ru/maps/@56.2472194,38.323146,875m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=ru)  под С-Посадом (ну там учебка)
 https://yandex.ru/maps/-/CGSmZ4y3 (https://yandex.ru/maps/-/CGSmZ4y3)  это уже с реальными погремушками.
Оно?
Где-то писали, что индусы все держат на Андаманских островах, подальше от паков, но нам никаких следов хранения ничего-такого не видно.

ЦитироватьMeet Pragyan — Chandrayaan 2's Rover!

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg) ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Опубликовано: 6 сент. 2019 г.

Ever wondered about Pragyan's different parts and how it functions? Watch the full video to find out!

Цитировать Anantha Krishnan M  :f09f87ae::f09f87b3:‏ @writetake (https://twitter.com/writetake) 6 ч. назад (https://twitter.com/writetake/status/1169899242569158658)

Here's the tentative timeline #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) events today. @akananth (https://twitter.com/akananth)

Цитироватьна ТыТрубе

youtube.com/watch?v=lqQe7WsFVQg (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqQe7WsFVQg)

Цитировать09/06/2019 22:18 Stephen Clark

The robotic Vikram lander t is set for touchdown on the moon at around 2023 GMT (4:23 p.m. EDT) between two craters — Manzinus C and Simpelius N — at 70.9 degrees south latitude, closer to the moon's south pole than any previous mission.

Less than half of the attempts to land on the moon since the dawn of the Space Age have been successful, and the Chandrayaan 2 mission will be India's first try.

But K. Sivan, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, said he is confident Chandrayaan 2 will safely land.

"One good thing is we are learning fr om their failures," he said in a press conference Aug. 20.

"We have the confidence in this landing mission," Sivan said. "We are confident because we have enough testing, enough simulations. All the subsystem- and system-level, sensor-level, thruster-level, all the simulations here are done. We are confident that anything humanly possible, we did.

"But at the same time, it's a new mission," he said. "It's a terrifiying moment for us."

Chandrayaan 2 is India's second mission to the moon, but it marks the country's first attempt to land on another planetary body. The mission is a follow-up to India's Chandrayaan 1 orbiter, which was the first spacecraft to detect evidence of ice hidden in permanently-shadowed craters at the lunar poles.

The Chandrayaan 2 mission launched July 22 from a spaceport on India's southeastern coast, and it arrived in orbit around the moon Aug. 20. The Chandrayaan 2 mission's orbiter module, which will image and study the moon from an altitude of around 62 miles (100 kilometers), separated from the mission's Vikram lander Monday at 0745 GMT (3:45 a.m. EDT).

Since separating from the Chandrayaan 2 orbiter, the Vikram lander has fired its rocket thrusters to maneuver into a lower orbit that ranges between 21 miles (35 kilometers) and 62 miles (101 kilometers) above the moon's surface.

The maneuvers set up Vikram to begin its final 15-minute powered descent to the lunar surface at approximately 2008 GMT (4:08 p.m. EDT) Friday.

"From that time onward, the entire thing will be decided by the Chandrayaan 2 lander only," Sivan said. "When the lander is coming down, it will take images of the place, and it will compare with the image of what we stored on-board. It will find a flat surface, it will re-target, it will hover for some time, and it will decide wh ere to land, and it will land. It will land autonomously in an intelligent way."

Named for Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India's space program, the lander measures about 8.3 feet (2.5 meters) tall and 6.6 feet (2 meters) wide.

Vikram's powered descent sequence will set up for touchdown in an ancient polar highlands region at approximately 70.9 degrees south latitude and 22.8 degrees east longitude.

Five throttleable liquid-fueled engines will control the lander's rate of descent, and a laser rangefinder will guide the spacecraft toward the landing zone. After the start of the powered descent phase, the entire landing sequence will be autonomous, without input from ground controllers.

The five rocket engines will slow the spacecraft's velocity from 3,600 mph (1.6 kilometers per second) to zero during the landing sequence, Sivan said.

"This job is done by the thrusters," he said. "These thrusters are 800-newton (180-pound-thrust) thrusters. They are throttleable. There are four thrusters kept at the four corners, and then there is a central thruster. During the descent phase, the thrust will vary as required. This is a new technology for us, the first time we will do throttling of the engine on-board."

The retrorockets consume hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide, a storable propellant mixture.

The first part of Vikram's descent, dubbed the "rough braking phase," will use the four corner engines to drastically slow the lander's speed by firing in the spacecraft's direction of travel. Then the craft will begin to pitch over to point its engines toward the lunar surface.

Vikram will then hover at an altitude of about 330 feet (100 meters) using two of its engines to allow the spacecraft's guidance system to sel ect a safe landing site. The navigation computer will use inputs fr om a laser altimeter and hazard avoidance camera to ensure Vikram has a clear landing zone.

Once Vikram selects a landing site, the craft will begin a vertical descent and ignite its center engine roughly 42 feet (13 meters) above the moon's surface to control the lander's final touchdown. The use of the center engine should minimize the dust that the retrorockets will kick up during landing, ISRO says.

Touchdown sensors in Vikram's four landing legs will detect contact with the surface, and the engine will shut down.

Цитировать09/06/2019 22:25 Stephen Clark
Around two hours after landing, Vikram will deploy a ramp to allow the mission's 59-pound (27-kilogram) rover to drive onto the lunar surface.

After powering up, the rover — named Pragyan for the Sanskrit word for "wisdom" — will open its solar panel at around 2333 GMT (7:33 p.m. EDT) and begin driving down the ramp a few minutes later.

Here's a view of the Pragyan Rover with the Vikram lander during final preparations before the Chandrayaan 2 mission's July 22 launch.

Цитировать09/06/2019 22:58 Stephen Clark

Indian prime minister Narendra Modi has arrived at the Chandrayaan 2 control center in Bengaluru to observe today's landing on the moon.

(https://photo.24liveblog.com/2300321273807872349/20190906195806_655235.jpg)

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:02 Stephen Clark
The Chandrayaan 2 mission's three components each carry a suite of scientific instruments:

[/li]
• Orbiter
  
• Mass: 5,244 pounds (2,379 kilograms)
  
• Dimensions: 3.2 x 5.8 x 2.1 meters (10.5 x 19.0 x 6.9 feet)
  
• Power: 1,000 watts
  
• Description: The Chandrayaan 2 orbiter — designed for a one-year mission — carries eight scientific instruments, including a high-resolution stereo imaging camera, a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar look for evidence of water ice at the lunar poles, an imaging infrared spectrometer to aid in the search for water, and sensors to study the moon's tenuous atmosphere. The orbiter will also provide data relay services the Vikram lander.
  
• Vikram Lander
  
• Mass: 3,243 pounds (1,471 kilograms)
  
• Dimensions: 2.54 x 2.0 x 1.2 meters (8.33 x 6.6 x 3.9 feet)
  
• Power: 650 watts
  
• Description: The Vikram lander's targeted touchdown zone is located in a highland region on the the near side of the moon at approximately 70.9 degrees south latitude, closer to the moon's south pole than any previous lunar landing mission. Vikram will use five throttleable liquid-fueled engines to slow down for landing. The stationary landing craft carries a suite of multiple cameras and three science instruments, including a seismometer to listen for moonquakes, a thermal probe to reach a depth of up to 4 inches (10 centimeters) to measure the vertical temperature gradient in the lunar crust, sensors to investigate plasma near the moon's surface, and a NASA-provided laser retroreflector array to help scientists locate the lander's exact position on the moon. The Vikram lander is designed to last 14 days on the moon, equivalent to one lunar day.
  
• Pragyan Rover
  
• Mass: 59 pounds (27 kilograms)
  
• Dimensions: 0.9 x 0.75 x 0.85 meters (3.0 x 2.46 x 2.79 feet)
  
• Power: 50 watts
  
• Description: The solar-powered Pragyan rover has a range of up to 500 meters, or 1,640 feet, during its 14-day mission on the moon. The AI-enabled rover has six wheels and will relay science data and images through a radio link with the Vikram lander. Indian scientists installed an alpha particle X-ray spectrometer to measure the elemental composition of the rocks at the Chandrayaan 2 landing site, along with a laser-induced breakdown spectroscope. The Pragyan rover is named for the Sanskrit word for "wisdom."
  

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:06 Stephen Clark

The latest guidance information was uploaded to the Vikram lander a few hours ago. The descent sequence is entirely automated.

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:10 Stephen Clark

Four retrorockets have ignited on India's Vikram lander to begin the mission's 15-minute descent to the moon.

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:12 Stephen Clark

Three minutes into the braking maneuver, the Vikram lander's velocity has slowed from 1,600 km/second to about 1,300 km/second.

Цитировать Chris G - NSF‏ @ChrisG_NSF (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF) 4 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1170066779877625857)

Timeline. #Chandrayaan2 (https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan2?src=hash) #India (https://twitter.com/hashtag/India?src=hash) #MoonLanding (https://twitter.com/hashtag/MoonLanding?src=hash) #VikramLander (https://twitter.com/hashtag/VikramLander?src=hash)

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:19 Stephen Clark

The spacecraft has completed the rough braking phase and has reached an altitude of about 7.4 kilometers, or about 24,000 feet. Now the lander will begin a more vertical descent and briefly stop in hover mode to select a safe landing site.

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:24 Stephen Clark

Mission control has lost contact with the Vikram lander.

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:25 Stephen Clark

The Chandrayaan 2 mission control center in Bengaluru has gone quiet as teams await an update on the status of the Vikram lander.

NASA's Deep Space Network station in Madrid has lost contact with the lander.

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:26 Stephen Clark

The last trajectory update indicated the lander may have deviated from its planned course.

(https://photo.24liveblog.com/2300321273807872349/20190906202650_946724.jpg)

Цитировать Chris G - NSF‏ @ChrisG_NSF (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF) 2 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1170070672007139329)

Not receiving a signal through the Deep Space Network in Madrid.

Цитироватьnapalm написал:
Может сел и молчит?

ЦитироватьNord777 написал:
 

Цитироватьnapalm (//forum/user/16131/) написал:
Может сел и молчит?

Думаете тряхнуло при посадке?

Цитироватьigel написал:
Траектория напоминает потерю ориентации...

ЦитироватьNord777 написал:
 

Цитироватьnapalm (//forum/user/16131/) написал:
Может сел и молчит?

Думаете тряхнуло при посадке?

Цитировать Chris G - NSF‏ @ChrisG_NSF (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF) 1 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1170072433115762688)

If Vikram failed to land - which it looks like - REMEMBER the ORBITER is where 95% of the experiments are. The Orbiter is safely in Lunar orbit and performing its mission. This is not a total failure. Not at all.

Цитироватьnapalm написал:
Может сел и молчит?

Цитировать Chris G - NSF‏ @ChrisG_NSF (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF) 59 сек. назад (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1170073677767086086)

WHOA!  @ISRO (https://twitter.com/isro) just said they're receiving data of some kind.  Standby.

Цитировать Chris G - NSF‏ @ChrisG_NSF (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF) 4 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/ChrisG_NSF/status/1170074418875392000)

It appears this was a comm line from the Orbiter.

ЦитироватьSerge3leo написал:
Хм. Связь потеряна на бис под бурные и продолжительные аплодисменты индийского ЦУП. Будем посмотреть.

Кстати, там LRO пролетать будет ли?

ЦитироватьSerge3leo написал:
Хм. Связь потеряна на бис под бурные и продолжительные аплодисменты индийского ЦУП. Будем посмотреть.

Кстати, там  пролетать будет ли?

ЦитироватьFiLinX написал:
эх, грусть(  а так хотел, чтоб у Индусов всё получилось..
но, нашим это ещё предстоит, шутка ли, 50 лет никуда не высаживались, а тут хренак и за пару лет посадочный "Казачёк" на Марс - ага, щас..

Цитировать09/06/2019 23:48 Stephen Clark

ISRO chairman has provided the following brief update on the landing attempt:

"The Vikram lander descent was as planned, and normal performance was observed up to an altitude of 2.1 kilometers. Subsequently, the communications from the lander to the ground station was lost. The data is being analyzed."

ЦитироватьChandrayaan-2 Vikram landing on the Moon

(https://www.youtube.com/user/SciNewsRo) SciNews (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjU6ZwoTQtKWfz1urL7XcbA)

Опубликовано: 6 сент. 2019 г.

Цитировать Narendra Modi‏ Подлинная учетная запись @narendramodi (https://twitter.com/narendramodi) 3 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1170080152895643648)

India is proud of our scientists! They've given their best and have always made India proud. These are moments to be courageous, and courageous we will be!

Chairman @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) gave updates on Chandrayaan-2. We remain hopeful and will continue working hard on our space programme.

Цитировать6 СЕН, 23:56 Обновлено 7 сен, 00:15
Индийская организация космических исследований потеряла связь с посадочным лунным модулем
Премьер Индии Нарендра Моди поблагодарил ученых за их работу

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 6 сентября. /ТАСС/. Индийская организация космических исследований (ISRO) потеряла связь с посадочным модулем "Викрам" на последнем этапе операции по посадке на Луну. Об этом сообщил глава ISRO Кайласавадиву Сиван, трансляцию из центра управления полетом вели индийские телеканалы.

Сиван добавил, что специалисты центра управления полетом анализируют возможные причины инцидента.

Присутствовавший в центре премьер-министр Индии Нарендра Моди поблагодарил ученых за их работу. "Это немалое достижение. Индия гордится вами", - сказал премьер, обращаясь к сотрудникам ISRO.

Посадочный модуль "Викрам", входивший в состав автоматической станции "Чандраян-2", должен был доставить на лунную поверхность 27-килограммовый луноход "Прагьян". Аппарат должен был исследовать район Южного полюса спутника Земли.

Цитироватьnapalm написал:
Удивительно взвешенное и содержательное обсуждение произошедшего на англоязычных индийских каналах.

Цитировать ISRO ‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 3 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1170086810006900736)

This is Mission Control Centre. #VikramLander (https://twitter.com/hashtag/VikramLander?src=hash) descent was as planned and normal performance was observed up to an altitude of 2.1 km. Subsequently, communication from Lander to the ground stations was lost. Data is being analyzed.
#ISRO  (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash)

Цитироватьnapalm написал:
Не знаю, насколько выводимая на экраны ЦУП графика соответствовала реальному положению дел, но за несколько седунд до потери связи - судя по этой самой графике - аппарат сделал кульбит
 

Цитировать Chethan Kumar‏ @ChethanKumarTOI (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI) 7 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/ChethanKumarTOI/status/1170090957879922688)

No press conference say @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) officials. Isro analysing data.

ЦитироватьWatch Live : Landing of Chandrayaan-2 on Lunar Surface

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg) ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Трансляция началась 2 часа назад

ЦитироватьChandrayaan 2 - Landing on Moon - LIVE from MOX-ISTRAC, Peenya, Bengaluru

(https://www.youtube.com/user/DoordarshanNational) Doordarshan National (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSjPe5kinQtwcyHcFJyyMfw)

Трансляция началась 3 часа назад

Цитировать ISRO‏ Подлинная учетная запись @isro (https://twitter.com/isro) 8 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/isro/status/1170101772397862912)

#ISRO (https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash) Honorable Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi will address the nation from ISRO Control Centre today (September 07, 2019) at 0800 hrs IST.
@PMOIndia (https://twitter.com/PMOIndia) @narendramodi (https://twitter.com/narendramodi)

Цитировать Chris B - NSF‏ @NASASpaceflight (https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight) 10 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1170165993425047552)

Indian PM Modi confirms the Vikram lander from the Chandrayaan-2 mission is lost. This is mostly a motivational speech for the team/country.

"We came very close". "The best is yet to come".

Remember, the orbiter is alive and is working the bulk of the mission.

Цитировать Chris B - NSF‏ @NASASpaceflight (https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight) 1 мин. назад (https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight/status/1170169989925670912)

No details on the cause of the failure (at least from the parts in English), this is a motivational speech by design - but he's a really good public speaker.

ЦитироватьHonorable Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi Addressing the nation

(https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg) ISRO Official (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw5hEVOTfz_AfzsNFWyNlNg)

Трансляция началась 39 минут назад

Honorable Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi addressing  the nation on September 07, 2019 from ISRO Control Centre at Bengaluru

Цитироватьaaa1 написал:
Нефиг было Израилю и Индии выделываться

Цитироватьnapalm написал:
Не знаю, насколько выводимая на экраны ЦУП графика соответствовала реальному положению дел, но за несколько седунд до потери связи - судя по этой самой графике - аппарат сделал кульбит
 

ЦитироватьДимитър написал:
 Кстати, Индия - единственная пока страна мира, которая запустила успешно спутник Марса с первой попытки  

ЦитироватьДмитрий Виницкий написал:
Маринер-9 с Марсом-2 недоуменно курят за углом.