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Цитировать航天数据源方面，"航天宏图一号"卫星星座已基本完成国内频率协调等工作，预计2023年3月底实现发射。"航天宏图一号"卫星星座采用分布式干涉雷达卫星技术方案。若成功发射，公司将提供市场上较为稀缺的雷达卫星数据。航空数据源方面，公司可转债募投项目主要包括无人机生产线建设，旨在增强公司在航空数据采集能力。公司加速产业上游布局，构造丰富的全产业链生态。

In terms of aerospace data sources, the "Hangtian Hongtu 1" satellite constellation has basically completed domestic frequency coordination and other work, and is expected to be launched by the end of March 2023. The "Hangtian Hongtu 1" satellite constellation adopts a distributed interference radar satellite technology solution. If successfully launched, the company will provide radar satellite data that is scarce on the market. In terms of aviation data sources, the company's convertible bond fundraising projects mainly include the construction of drone production lines, aiming to enhance the company's aviation data collection capabilities. The company accelerates the layout of the upstream industry and constructs a rich ecology of the whole industry chain.

Цитировать2 月24 日，航天宏图到雄安新区考察调研，表示要积极推动博士后工作站、有关研发中心设立和女娲雷达遥感星座落地新区。女娲星座计划旨在实现对地观测全球快速重访，利用激光星间通信组网，构建全球自主可控实时遥感混合星座。女娲星座一期工程计划发射38 颗业务星，其中有4 颗卫星预计于2023 年一季度发射，剩余24 颗卫星将于2024 年、2025 年发射。航天宏图是我国卫星应用与运营服务领域的领导者，业务模式从卫星应用产业链中下游向上游延伸演化，全面启动女娲星座计划建设工作，将打造出第二增长曲线

On February 24, Aerospace Hongtu went to Xiong'an New Area for investigation and investigation, saying that it would actively promote the establishment of post-doctoral workstations, related R&D centers, and the launch of the Nuwa Radar Remote Sensing Constellation in the new area. The Nuwa Constellation Project aims to achieve rapid global revisiting of Earth observation, and use laser intersatellite communication networking to build a global autonomous and controllable real-time remote sensing hybrid constellation. The first phase of the Nuwa Constellation project plans to launch 38 operational satellites, of which 4 satellites are expected to be launched in the first quarter of 2023, and the remaining 24 satellites will be launched in 2024 and 2025. Aerospace Hongtu is a leader in the field of satellite application and operation services in my country. Its business model has evolved from the middle and lower reaches of the satellite application industry chain to the upper reaches. It has fully launched the construction of the Nuwa Constellation Project and will create a second growth curve.

Цитата: Liss от 28.03.2023 14:31:13А забавная четверка получается

Цитировать中国航天科技集团
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
【长二丁"一箭四星"发射成功】3月30日18时50分，长征二号丁运载火箭在太原卫星发射中心点火起飞，顺利将[宏图一号01组]四颗卫星送入太阳同步轨道，发射任务圆满成功。本次发射所使用的火箭由我航八院研制，集团公司所属长城公司作为项目承包商为[宏图一号01组卫星]提供长二丁火箭发射服务，这是长征系列运载火箭第469次发射
[CZ-2D "One Arrow and Four Satellites" Launched Successfully] At 18:50 on March 30, the Long March 2 D carrier rocket ignited and took off at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, successfully sending four satellites of [Hongtu 1 Group 01] into the Sun-synchronous orbit, the launch mission was a complete success. The rocket used in this launch was developed by the Eighth Academy of China Aviation Academy. The Great Wall Company, a subsidiary of the group company, as the project contractor, provided the launch service of the CZ-2D rocket for [Hongtu 1 Satellite Group 01]. This is the 469th launch of the Long March series of carrier rockets.

ЦитироватьPhilLeafSpace
【#我国成功发射宏图一号01组卫星#】2023年3月30日18时50分，长征二号丁运载火箭在我国太原卫星发射中心9号工位发射升空，随后，成功将航天宏图一号01组4颗卫星（鹤壁一号、二号、三号与中原一号）准确送入预定528公里高度太阳同步轨道，发射任务取得圆满成功
[#Our country successfully launched Hongtu-1 satellite group 01#] At 18:50 on March 30, 2023, the Long March-2 D carrier rocket was launched at the No. 9 station of the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in my country. The 4 satellites of Group 01 (Hebi 1, 2, 3 and Zhongyuan 1) were accurately sent into the sun-synchronous orbit at a predetermined altitude of 528 kilometers, and the launch mission was a complete success
航天宏图"女娲星座"首发4颗卫星均为X波段合成孔径雷达 (X-SAR) 卫星，由银河航天抓总研制，主要用于遥感观测与应用。
The first four satellites of Aerospace Hongtu's "Nuwa Constellation" are all X-band synthetic aperture radar (X-SAR) satellites, developed by Yinhe Aerospace, mainly used for remote sensing observation and application.
此次发射是2023年中国航天第13次成功发射，全球航天全年第51次发射，是长征二号丁第75次发射，航天八院抓总研制运载火箭第184次发射，长征系列运载火箭第469次发射，中国运载火箭第519次发射（成功485次）。
This launch is the 13th successful launch of China Aerospace in 2023, the 51st launch of the global aerospace industry in the whole year, the 75th launch of the Long March 2D, and the 184th launch of the carrier rocket developed by the Eighth Academy of Aerospace Sciences, the 469th launch of the Long March series of launch vehicles, and the 519th launch of a Chinese launch vehicle (485 successes).

Цитироватьhttps://english.news.cn/20230330/ffa941a675454fda9ec2003b9625fece/c.html

China launches new remote-sensing satellites
Source: Xinhua Editor: huaxia 2023-03-30 19:50:15
TAIYUAN, March 30 (Xinhua) -- China launched a Long March-2D carrier rocket on Thursday evening to place new remote-sensing satellites in space.The satellites of the PIESAT-1 constellation were lifted at 6:50 p.m. (Beijing Time) on Thursday from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in northern China's Shanxi Province, and then entered the preset orbit.
They will mainly provide commercial remote-sensing data services.
This mission was the 469th flight of the Long March carrier rockets.

ЦитироватьChina 'N Asia Spaceflight  @CNSpaceflight
Long March 2D Y90 successfully launched PIESAT-1 X-InSAR satellites from Taiyuan at 10:50UTC

ЦитироватьChina 'N Asia Spaceflight  @CNSpaceflight
PIESAT-1 are the first group of the 38-satellite Nuwa-1 SAR constellation. Nuwa, the mother goddess of Chinese mythology, is in the mission patch design
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341880.jpg)  (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341881.jpg)
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341882.jpg)  (https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341883.jpg)

Цитироватьhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRlAfXNcfwY 1:40
Long March-2D launches four PIESAT-1 satellites
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341886.jpg) (https://www.youtube.com/@SciNewsRo) SciNews (https://www.youtube.com/@SciNewsRo)
A Long March-2D launch vehicle launched four PIESAT-1 (Hongtu-1, 宏图一号 ) satellites from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, Shanxi Province, China, on 30 March 2023, at 10:50 UTC (18:50 local time). According to official sources, the four X-band interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) satellites entered the planned orbits successfully and "will mainly provide commercial remote-sensing data services".
^{Credit: China Central Television (CCTV)/China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC)/Galaxy Aerospace}

ЦитироватьChina Focus: China launches wheel-like constellation of remote-sensing satellites
^{Source: XinhuaEditor: huaxia2023-03-30 23:24:15}
BEIJING, March 30 (Xinhua) -- China launched a Long March-2D carrier rocket into space on Thursday evening carrying a wheel-like formation of four remote sensing satellites, the first formation of its kind in the world.
The satellites of the PIESAT-1 constellation were launched at 6:50 p.m. (Beijing Time) from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in northern China's Shanxi Province, and then entered a preset orbit.

WHEEL FORMATION
The in-orbit constellation has formed a lineup like a vehicle wheel. It comprises a primary satellite running at the central "axle" and three supplementary satellites evenly placed in an elliptical "wheel hub" and orbiting the primary satellite. The supplementary trio is located just a few hundred meters from the primary satellite.
The constellation is capable of maintaining its stability and space safety, thanks to precise orbital control supported by inter-satellite links and phase synchronization links.
The four satellites are equipped with interferometric synthetic aperture radars (InSARs), which are effective tools to measure changes in land surface.
The InSARs capture two images at different times by reflecting radar signals off a target area on Earth, and then have them interfere with each other to produce maps called interferograms, which reveal the ground-surface displacement between the two time periods.
Unlike visible or infrared light, radar waves can penetrate most weather clouds and are equally effective in darkness.

DISASTER PREVENTION
Compared to traditional InSARs, a wheel formation can generate more interference baselines, thus increasing mapping efficiency.
The constellation, mainly used to provide commercial remote-sensing data services, is capable of conducting rapid high-efficiency global land surveys.
It can realize millimeter-level deformation monitoring to identify land subsidence, surface collapses and landslides, meaning it is an effective weapon for the early detection of major geological disasters.
The constellation has the full-time, all-weather ability to take high-quality, submeter-scale, broad-width images of our planet.
It was designed by the satellite maker Galaxy Space (Beijing) Network Technology, and it will be used by PIESAT, a satellite operation and application services provider in China.
The Long March-2D carrier rocket is a two-stage launch vehicle with a take-off thrust of 300 tonnes, and it is capable of lifting 1.3-tonne payloads to the solar synchronous circular orbit 700 km above Earth.
This mission was the 469th flight of the Long March carrier rockets.

Цитировать2023-047A    56153   2023-047A    94.75   97.44   513   500
2023-047B    56154   2023-047B    94.73   97.44   513   498
2023-047C    56155   2023-047C    94.71   97.44   512   497
2023-047D    56156   2023-047D    94.70   97.44   511   496

ЦитироватьКитай запустил новые спутники дистанционного зондирования Земли
^{2023-03-31 09:56:18丨Russian.News.Cn}

3 фото

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341928.jpg)
Тайюань, 31 марта /Синьхуа/ -- Новые китайские спутники дистанционного зондирования Земли в 18:50 четверга успешно стартовали в космос с помощью ракеты-носителя "Чанчжэн-2D" /"Long March-2D"/.
Запуск спутников группировки PIESAT-1 был осуществлен с космодрома Тайюань в провинции Шаньси /Северный Китай/. Спутники были выведены на запланированную орбиту.
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341929.jpg)
Тайюань, 31 марта /Синьхуа/ -- Новые китайские спутники дистанционного зондирования Земли в 18:50 четверга успешно стартовали в космос с помощью ракеты-носителя "Чанчжэн-2D" /"Long March-2D"/.
Запуск спутников группировки PIESAT-1 был осуществлен с космодрома Тайюань в провинции Шаньси /Северный Китай/. Спутники были выведены на запланированную орбиту.
(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341930.jpg)
Тайюань, 31 марта /Синьхуа/ -- Новые китайские спутники дистанционного зондирования Земли в 18:50 четверга успешно стартовали в космос с помощью ракеты-носителя "Чанчжэн-2D" /"Long March-2D"/.
Запуск спутников группировки PIESAT-1 был осуществлен с космодрома Тайюань в провинции Шаньси /Северный Китай/. Спутники были выведены на запланированную орбиту.

[свернуть]

(https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/341931.jpg)
Тайюань, 31 марта /Синьхуа/ -- Новые китайские спутники дистанционного зондирования Земли в 18:50 четверга успешно стартовали в космос с помощью ракеты-носителя "Чанчжэн-2D" /"Long March-2D"/.
Запуск спутников группировки PIESAT-1 был осуществлен с космодрома Тайюань в провинции Шаньси /Северный Китай/. Спутники были выведены на запланированную орбиту. 

ЦитироватьJonathan McDowell  @planet4589
China's SAST launched a CZ-2D at 1050 UTC Mar 30 placing four radar satellites in a 497 x 512 km x 97.4 deg, 18:00 LTDN sun-sync orbit. The CZ-2D second stage appears to have made a controlled deorbit soon after deploying the satellites.
...
Replying to @CNSpaceflight
CZ-2D upper stages have been deorbited fairly often
(although not always) since circa 2008

Цитата: Liss от 25.04.2023 10:53:12Группа поднялась до 516 км. По-прежнему B и C рядом в серединке, а от A до D почти 60° вдоль орбиты.

Цитата: Liss от 10.05.2023 13:39:32

Цитата: Liss от 25.04.2023 10:53:12Группа поднялась до 516 км. По-прежнему B и C рядом в серединке, а от A до D почти 60° вдоль орбиты.

Все, кроме B, собрались в кучку на высоте 524 км.

Цитата: A.E от 29.03.2023 16:24:39Стрелки по кругу это же не перемещение приемников, а лазерная связь или что?

ЦитироватьThe in-orbit constellation has formed a lineup like a vehicle wheel. It comprises a primary satellite running at the central "axle" and three supplementary satellites evenly placed in an elliptical "wheel hub" and orbiting the primary satellite.

ЦитироватьCGWIC Successfully Launches PIESAT-1-A-01 and PIESAT-1-B-01~03 satellites by LM-2D Launch Vehicle
At 18:50 March 30th , 2023 BJT, Long March-2D (LM-2D) launch vehicle successfully launched PIESAT-1-A-01 and PIESAT-1-B-01~03 satellites from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (TSLC).
China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC), a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science & Technology Corporation (CASC), provided the launch services in this mission. This is also the second program between CGWIC and GalaxySpace, whose 7 satellites had been successfully launched by CGWIC on March 5th , 2022.
PIESAT-1-A-01 and PIESAT-1-B-01~03 satellites are owned by PIESAT, and designed & manufactured by GalaxySpace. The 4 satellites are all low-orbit synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites, and will be used for remote sensing observation and applications.

ЦитироватьChinese satellite constellation captures high-precision terrain images
Source: Xinhua Editor: huaxia 2023-10-17 20:43:15
BEIJING, Oct. 17 (Xinhua) -- A Chinese constellation of remote-sensing satellites has successfully obtained high-precision terrain mapping data products using the multi-baseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology, marking the country's first in-orbit application of such a mapping system.
The breakthrough was made public on Tuesday in a press release from the Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In March, China launched PIESAT-1 or Hongtu-1, a wheel-like formation of four satellites, the first formation of its kind in the world.
This in-orbit constellation comprises a primary satellite as the central "axle" and three evenly spaced auxiliary satellites orbiting around it. The auxiliary trio is located just a few hundred meters from the primary satellite.
The InSAR radars installed on the satellites can capture two images of the same location by bouncing radar signals off the Earth's surface at different times. By causing the images to interfere with each other, they produce maps called interferograms, which reveal the ground-surface displacement between the two time periods.
Compared with traditional InSARs, a wheel formation can generate more interference baselines, thus increasing mapping efficiency.
The highest resolution of the AIR-designed constellation is smaller than 0.5 meters and can effectively solve the problem of high-precision elevation reconstruction of complex types of terrain, such as steep slopes and cliffs, said the AIR.
Small and low-cost SAR satellite constellations like PIESAT-1 can play an important role in monitoring urban geological disasters, flood disasters and surface subsidence, according to its designers.

Цитата: Liss от 20.10.2023 10:41:05больше нравится аналогичный график с расстояниями C-A, C-B и C-D